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2,412 results for “independent”
Data from: HIV-1 capsid stability enables inositol phosphate-independent infection of target cells and promotes integration into genes
<p>The mature HIV-1 capsid is stabilized by host and viral determinants. The capsid protein CA binds to the cellular metabolites inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) and its precursor inositol (1, 3, 4, 5, 6) pentakisphosphate (IP5) to stabilize the mature capsid. In target cells, capsid destabilization by the antiviral compounds lenacapavir and PF74 reveals an HIV-1 infectivity defect due to IP5/IP6 (IP5/6) depletion. To test whether intrinsic HIV-1 capsid stability and/ or host factor binding determines HIV-1 insensitivity to IP5/6 depletion, a panel of CA mutants was assayed for infection of IP5/6-depleted T cells and wildtype cells. Four CA mutants with unstable capsids exhibited dependence on host IP5/6 for infection and reverse transcription (RTN). Adaptation of one such mutant, Q219A, by spread in culture resulted in Vpu truncation and a capsid three-fold interface mutation, T200I. T200I increased intrinsic capsid stability as determined by <em>in vitro</em> uncoating of purified cores and partially reversed the IP5/6-dependence in target cells for each of the four CA mutants. T200I further rescued the changes to lenacapavir sensitivity associated with the parental mutation. The premature dissolution of the capsid caused by the IP5/6-dependent mutations imparted a unique defect in integration targeting that was rescued by T200I. Collectively, these results demonstrate that T200I restored other capsid functions after RTN for the panel of mutants. Thus, the hyperstable T200I mutation stabilized the instability defects imparted by the parental IP5/6-dependent CA mutation. The contribution of Vpu truncation to mutant adaptation was linked to BST-2 antagonization, suggesting that cell-to-cell transfer promoted replication of the mutants. We conclude that interactions at the three-fold interface are adaptable, key mediators of capsid stability in target cells and are able to antagonize even severe capsid instability to promote infection.</p>
Scores on independence, quality of life, and satisfaction on visual mapping software intervention in children with Down syndrome
<p>Enhancing independence and quality of life are key modifiable outcomes that are short- and long-term goals for children with Down syndrome and for their parents. Here we report the outcome of a 4-week feasibility study in a cohort of 26 children with Down Syndrome, 7–17 years old, who used an assistive technology approach that incorporated smart device software and <span>step-by-step</span> pictures (the MapHabit System). Parents reported improvements in children's activities of daily living, quality of life, and independence. They recommended this technology to other families. This report and its findings underscore the feasibility of using assistive technology in children with Down syndrome within home and family settings.</p> <p>The current findings that assistive technology can be used successfully and effectively in family and home settings set the stage for more informative systematic studies using assistive technology for this population.</p>
Nematode biomass changes along an elevational gradient are trophic group dependent but independent of body size
<p>Data supporting "Nematode biomass changes along an elevational gradient are trophic group dependent but independent of body size"</p>
Sensor-Independent LAI/FPAR CDR
<p>The Sensor-Independent leaf area index (LAI)/ fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) climate data record (CDR) is derived from high quality LAI/FPAR from MOD15AH C6, MYD15A2H C6, and VNP15A2H C1 products. The low-quality LAI/FPARs were first removed using quality control flags. The high-quality LAI/FPARs were merged into Filtered Sensor-Independent LAI/FPAR data sets. The missing values are then gap filled by spatial-temporal tensor (ST-Tensor) completion model. The Sensor-Independent LAI/FPAR CDR covers the period from 2000 to 2022 year, with spatial resolutions of 500m/5km/0.05 degrees for global vegetation area and temporal resolutions of 8 days or half a month.</p> <p>The ground-based validations show that the newly generated Sensor-Independent LAI/FPAR CDR achieves higher accuracy compared to original Terra-MODIS/Aqua-MODIS/VIIRS LAI/FPAR products. Thus, the Sensor-Independent LAI/FPAR CDR provides a valuable resource for researchers studying vegetation dynamics and their relationship to climate change.</p> <p>Here, we provide 4 versions that a spatial resolution is 5km or 0.05 degree, and a temporal resolution is 8 days or half a month. The other 2 versions that the spatial resolution is 500m can be assessed by Google Earth Engine.</p> <p>More details about Sensor-Independent LAI/FPAR CDR can be found at <a href="https://github.com/JiabinPu/Sensor-Independent-LAI-FPAR-CDR">https://github.com/JiabinPu/Sensor-Independent-LAI-FPAR-CDR</a></p>
Dataset for Finding Equivalence of Layout Independent Water Distribution Network for Expansion/Reorganization Using Nonlinear Multi-Port Thevenin Theorem
<p>This file consists all the data used in the manuscript " Finding Equivalence of Layout Independent Water Distribution Network for Expansion/Reorganization Using Nonlinear Multi-Port Thevenin Theorem "</p>
Data from: Hydraulic vulnerability of tropical forests is largely independent of water availability
<p>Tropical rainforest woody plants have been thought to have uniformly low resistance to hydraulic failure and to function near the edge of their hydraulic safety margin, making these ecosystems vulnerable to drought; however, this may not be the case. Using data collected at 30 tropical forest sites for three key traits associated with drought tolerance, we show that site-level hydraulic diversity of leaf turgor loss point, resistance to embolism (P<sub>50</sub>), and hydraulic safety margins (HSMs) is high across tropical forests and largely independent of water availability. Species with high HSMs (>1 MPa) and low P<sub>50</sub> values (<-2 MPa) are common across the wet and dry tropics. This high site-level hydraulic diversity, largely decoupled from water stress, could influence which species are favored and become dominant under a drying climate. High hydraulic diversity could also make these ecosystems more resilient to variable rainfall regimes.</p>
Density independent decline from an environmentally transmitted parasite
<p>Invasive environmentally transmitted parasites have potential to cause declines in host populations independent of host density, but this is rarely characterised in naturally occurring populations. We investigated (1) epidemiological features of a declining bare-nosed wombat (<em>Vombatus ursinus</em>) population in central Tasmania owing to a sarcoptic mange (agent <em>Sarcoptes scabiei</em>) outbreak, and (2) reviewed all longitudinal wombat-mange studies to improve understanding of when host population declines may occur. Over a seven-year period, the wombat population declined 80% (95% CI 77–86%) and experienced a 55% range contraction. The average apparent prevalence of mange was high 27% (95% CI 21–34), increased slightly over our study period, and the population decline continued unabated, independent of declining host abundance. Combined with other longitudinal studies, our research indicated wombat populations may be at risk of decline when apparent prevalence exceeds 25%. This empirical study supports the capacity of environmentally transmitted parasites to cause density independent host population declines and suggests prevalence limits may be an indicator of impending decline-causing epizootics in bare-nosed wombats. This research is the first to test effects of density in mange epizootics where transmission is environmental and may provide a guide for when apparent prevalence indicates a local conservation threat.</p>
Data from: Rapid decline of prenatal maternal effects with age is independent of postnatal environment in a precocial bird
<p><span>Maternal effects are an important source of phenotypic variation with potentially large fitness consequences,</span> <span>but how their importance varies with the quality of the environment across an individual's ontogeny is poorly understood. We bred Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix</em> <em>japonica</em>) of known pedigree and experimentally manipulated the quality of offspring diet to estimate the importance of prenatal maternal effects in shaping variation in body mass from hatching to adulthood. Maternal genetic effects on body mass at hatching were strong, and largely caused by variation in egg mass, but their importance rapidly declined with age. Whereas there was a large effect of diet on growth, this did not affect the decline of maternal effects variance. The importance of additive genetic and residual variance increased with age, with the latter being considerably larger in the poor diet treatment. Hence, we found no evidence for prenatal maternal effect by postnatal environment interactions, and that prenatal maternal effects are rapidly replaced by direct additive genetic and residual effects when offspring start to develop outside the egg. Thereby these results shed new light on the dynamics of the role of maternal versus offspring genes across ontogeny and environments.</span></p>
Plant diversity and soil legacy independently affect the plant metabolome and induced responses following herbivory
<p><span>Plant and soil biodiversity can have significant effects on herbivore resistance mediated by plant metabolites. Here, we disentangled the independent effects of plant diversity and soil legacy on constitutive and herbivore-induced plant metabolomes of three plant species in two complementary microcosm experiments.</span></p> <p><span>First, we grew plants in sterile soil with three different plant diversity levels. Second, single plant species were grown on soil with different plant diversity-induced soil legacies. We infested a subset of all plants with <em>Spodoptera</em> <em>exigua</em> larvae, a generalist leaf-chewing herbivore, and assessed foliar and root metabolomes.</span><span> </span></p> <p><span>Neither plant diversity nor soil legacy had significant effects on overall foliar, root, or herbivore-induced metabolome composition. Herbivore-induced metabolomes, however, differed from those of control plants. We detected 139 significantly regulated metabolites by comparing plants grown in monocultures with conspecifics growing in plant or soil legacy mixtures. Moreover, plant-plant and plant-soil interactions regulated 141 metabolites in herbivore-induced plants.</span><span> </span></p> <p><span>Taken together, plant diversity and soil legacy independently alter the concentration and induction of plant metabolites, thus affecting the plant's defensive capability. This is a first step towards disentangling plant and soil biodiversity effects on herbivore resistance, thereby improving our understanding of the mechanisms that govern ecosystem functioning.</span></p>
Dynamic evolution of locomotor performance independent of changes in extended phenotype use in spiders
<p>Many animals utilise self-built structures (extended phenotypes) to enhance body functions, such as thermoregulation, prey capture or defence. Yet, it is unclear whether the evolution of animal constructions supplements or substitutes body functions – with disparate feedbacks on trait evolution. Here, using brown spiders (Araneae: marronoid clade), we explored if the evolutionary loss and gain of silken webs as extended prey capture devices correlates with alterations in traits known to play an important role in predatory strikes – locomotor performance (sprint speed) and leg spination (expression of capture spines on front legs). We found that in this group high locomotor performance, with running speeds of over 100 body lengths per second, evolved repeatedly – both in web building and cursorial spiders. There was no correlation with running speed, and leg spination was only poorly correlated, relative to the use of extended phenotypes, indicating that web use does not reduce selective pressures on body functions involved in prey capture and defence per se. Consequently, extended prey capture devices serve as supplements rather than substitutions to body traits and may only be beneficial in conjunction with certain life history traits, explaining the rare evolution and repeated loss of trapping strategies in predatory animals.</p>
Aflibercept in Combination With Docetaxel in Metastatic Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00519285. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 31. Publications: 3.
Independent Predictors of Mortality in Polytrauma Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01669577. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
RAD001 and Bicalutamide for Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00630344. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Preventing Loss of Independence Through Exercise (PLIE) in Persons With Dementia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02350127. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
A Phase II Study of BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) in Metastatic, Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00090545. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Smart Television and Exercise Promotion for Independent Living Facilities
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03001778. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 19.
Study of the PTH-independent Effects of Encaleret on Mineral Homeostasis in Subjects With Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism (PSH)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05735015. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Single Agent Erlotinib in Chemotherapy-naive Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00272038. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Independent Walking for Brain Health
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03058146. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Study of Taxotere and Doxil to Treat Advanced Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00456989. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.