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375 results for “island population”
Distribution. NW Madagascar from the Mahavavy River S to the Andranomalaza River, the E limit is poorly defined, butlikely occurs at the Tsaratanana Massif, and there are additional populations in forests of the Ampasindava Peninsula, on the inshore islands of Nosy Be and Nosy Komba, and in the coastal forests NE of Ambanja (including the peninsula leading to Nosy Faly). Introduced into the small islet of Nosy Tanikely. in Lemuridae
Distribution. NW Madagascar from the Mahavavy River S to the Andranomalaza River, the E limit is poorly defined, butlikely occurs at the Tsaratanana Massif, and there are additional populations in forests of the Ampasindava Peninsula, on the inshore islands of Nosy Be and Nosy Komba, and in the coastal forests NE of Ambanja (including the peninsula leading to Nosy Faly). Introduced into the small islet of Nosy Tanikely.
Distribution. New Guinea, including Yapen, Mios Num, and Roon Is in Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay, Karkar and Walis Is off the N coast, Raja Ampat Is of Salawati, Sorong, and Misool, SE Papua New Guinea Is of Samarai (= Dinner) and Dufaure (= Dufour), and Aru Is. It is present on many islands of C & S Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Pulau Pandjang, Buru, and the Tayandu and Kai archipelagos). It has been introduced to Selayar I between Sulawesi and Flores (W occurrence of the species), and there are vague records from Flores and Sulawesi, which may also refer to the Selayar population. This species was also apparently introduced to Mussau (St. Matthias Group, NE Bismarck Archipelago) in prehistoric times and to New Ireland I (Bismarck Archipelago) in the 20™ century. in Phalangeridae
Distribution. New Guinea, including Yapen, Mios Num, and Roon Is in Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay, Karkar and Walis Is off the N coast, Raja Ampat Is of Salawati, Sorong, and Misool, SE Papua New Guinea Is of Samarai (= Dinner) and Dufaure (= Dufour), and Aru Is. It is present on many islands of C & S Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Pulau Pandjang, Buru, and the Tayandu and Kai archipelagos). It has been introduced to Selayar I between Sulawesi and Flores (W occurrence of the species), and there are vague records from Flores and Sulawesi, which may also refer to the Selayar population. This species was also apparently introduced to Mussau (St. Matthias Group, NE Bismarck Archipelago) in prehistoric times and to New Ireland I (Bismarck Archipelago) in the 20™ century.
Distribution. Japan, mainly E Honshu and adjacent islands, as well as isolated populations in W Japan, including W Honshu (Hiwa Town, Kyoto City, and Kii Peninsula), Shikoku (Mt Ishizuchi, Mt Tsurugi, and Mt Ohtaki), and Shodoshima I; W limit of distribution on E Honshu is located across Ishikawa, Gifu, Nagano, and Shizuoka prefectures, where SmallJapanese Mole shows parapatric or mixed distribution with the Large Japanese Mole (M. wogura), a species distributed in W Japan. In Echigo Plain, Niigata Prefecture, the Small Japanese Mole is parapatric with the Echigo Mole (M. etigo). in Talpidae
Distribution. Japan, mainly E Honshu and adjacent islands, as well as isolated populations in W Japan, including W Honshu (Hiwa Town, Kyoto City, and Kii Peninsula), Shikoku (Mt Ishizuchi, Mt Tsurugi, and Mt Ohtaki), and Shodoshima I; W limit of distribution on E Honshu is located across Ishikawa, Gifu, Nagano, and Shizuoka prefectures, where SmallJapanese Mole shows parapatric or mixed distribution with the Large Japanese Mole (M. wogura), a species distributed in W Japan. In Echigo Plain, Niigata Prefecture, the Small Japanese Mole is parapatric with the Echigo Mole (M. etigo).
Distribution. Endemic to Hainan I, China; once widespread, but today the only known population is restricted to Bawangling Nature Reserve in the W of the island. in Hylobatidae
Distribution. Endemic to Hainan I, China; once widespread, but today the only known population is restricted to Bawangling Nature Reserve in the W of the island.
Subspecies and Distribution. R.a.affinusR.a.,1821—SThailand,MalayPeninsula,andSingapore. R.a.bancanaLyon,1906—BangkaI,Indonesia. R.a.baramensisBonhote,1900—NBorneo,inSabah,Brunei,Sarawak,andNEKalimantan,alsoinBanggiIandlikelyadjacentIs. R.a.bunguranensisThomas&Hartert,1894—LautandBunguranIsoftheNorthNatunaIs,Indonesia. R.a.cothurnataLyon,1911—WBorneo(WestKalimantan). R.a.ephippiumS.Miiller,1838—SEBorneoandLautI,Indonesia. R.a.hypoleucosHorsfield,1823—Sumatraandadjacentislands(TuangkuI,PiniIandTanahmasaI),Indonesia. R.a.insignisMiller,1903—RiauIs,Indonesia. R. a. polia Lyon, 1906 — Belitung I, Indonesia. Population on Serasan I, one of the South Natuna Is (just off W coast of Borneo) and populations of many islands between Malay Peninsula and E Sumatra are of unknown subspecific affiliation. in Sciuridae
Subspecies and Distribution. R.a.affinusR.a.,1821—SThailand,MalayPeninsula,andSingapore. R.a.bancanaLyon,1906—BangkaI,Indonesia. R.a.baramensisBonhote,1900—NBorneo,inSabah,Brunei,Sarawak,andNEKalimantan,alsoinBanggiIandlikelyadjacentIs. R.a.bunguranensisThomas&Hartert,1894—LautandBunguranIsoftheNorthNatunaIs,Indonesia. R.a.cothurnataLyon,1911—WBorneo(WestKalimantan). R.a.ephippiumS.Miiller,1838—SEBorneoandLautI,Indonesia. R.a.hypoleucosHorsfield,1823—Sumatraandadjacentislands(TuangkuI,PiniIandTanahmasaI),Indonesia. R.a.insignisMiller,1903—RiauIs,Indonesia. R. a. polia Lyon, 1906 — Belitung I, Indonesia. Population on Serasan I, one of the South Natuna Is (just off W coast of Borneo) and populations of many islands between Malay Peninsula and E Sumatra are of unknown subspecific affiliation.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.h.hectoriVanBeneden,1881—threepopulationsdistributedaroundNewZealand'sSouthIsland. C. h. maui Baker, Smith & Pichler, 2002 — one population limited to the NW coast of New Zealand's North Island. in Delphinidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.h.hectoriVanBeneden,1881—threepopulationsdistributedaroundNewZealand'sSouthIsland. C. h. maui Baker, Smith & Pichler, 2002 — one population limited to the NW coast of New Zealand's North Island.
Distribution. Islands off peninsular Thailand (Koh Samui) and Peninsular Malaysia (Tioman, and Mapur); one old specimen from Mt Tahan, Pahang State, Malaysia, might also belong to this species, but no recent confirmation of this taxon on the Malay Peninsula cast doubts about the existence of such a continental population of Peninsular White-toothed Shrew. in Soricidae
Distribution. Islands off peninsular Thailand (Koh Samui) and Peninsular Malaysia (Tioman, and Mapur); one old specimen from Mt Tahan, Pahang State, Malaysia, might also belong to this species, but no recent confirmation of this taxon on the Malay Peninsula cast doubts about the existence of such a continental population of Peninsular White-toothed Shrew.
Figure 4 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations
Figure 4. (A) Substrate types between island and mainland populations of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi; (B) Number of observed individuals at positions (in or out) in different time intervals; (C) Elevations resided by island and mainland populations; (D) Distances from the observed animal to the near stream shore among four study areas.
Figure 3 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations
Figure 3. Micro-habitat characteristics of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi (A) Substrate temperature; (B) Canopy coverage; (C) Height above the ground in relation to the Snout-Vent Length (From low to high levels mentioned the frequency of captured animals); (D) Stream section type; (E) Surface substrate condition; (F) Activity status.
Figure 6 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations
Figure 6. Comparisons of macro-climatic niches of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi between island and mainland populations. (A) Climate niche space of the mainland population; (B) Climate niche space of the mainland population along the first two axes of the PCA-env (The solid (100%) and dashed contour (50%) lines illustrate the available macro-climate space); (C) The contribution of 19 climatic variables for loading PCA-env axes and the percentage of inertia explained by axes one and two.
Figure 5 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations
Figure 5. (A) Scatterplot of all variable groups for the first (Dim1) and second (Dim2) axes in the Multiple factor analysis (MFA) (green triangles as inactive groups, red triangles as active groups or variables); (B) Scatterplot of all qualitative variables in the Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA); (C) The first four important variables of the Dim1; and (D) The Dim2; (E) Scatter diagram illustrating the micro-habitat niche space of island and mainland populations.
Figure 1 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations
Figure 1. Records of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi (orange circles – surveyed locations; blue green circles – other recorded occurrences); (1): Bai Tu Long National Park, Quang Ninh Province (2): Chi Linh District, Hai Duong Province, (3): Yen Tu Mountain, Quang Ninh Province, (4): Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve, Bac Giang Province. The background depicts elevation in northern Vietnam and southern China (from dark blue to red indicating higher elevation).
Figure 2 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations
Figure 2. (A) Natural micro-habitat of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi; (B) An adult male resting on a moss-rock substrate.
Figure 1 in Widespread population of invasive ferrets Mustela furo (Carnivora: Mustelidae) on the island of Madeira, Macaronesia
Figure 1: Distribution of the observations of Mustela furo in Madeira island, Portugal. Coordinates and year of observation are provided in Supplementary Table S1.
Figure 2 in Widespread population of invasive ferrets Mustela furo (Carnivora: Mustelidae) on the island of Madeira, Macaronesia
Figure 2: Examples of Mustela furo observations in Madeira island. Ferret predation on (A) IUCN endangered Zino's petrel (Pterodroma madeira), (B) juvenile of Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) and (C) rodent (Rattus spp.). Photos (D) and (E) were captured during camera-trap surveys conducted in 2021 and 2023 in the Ecological Park of Funchal, respectively. Photo (F) depicts a road-killed individual.
Data from: Drift, not selection, shapes toll-like receptor variation among oceanic island populations
Understanding the relative role of different evolutionary forces in shaping the level and distribution of functional genetic diversity among natural populations is a key issue in evolutionary and conservation biology. To do so accurately genetic data must be analyzed in conjunction with an unambiguous understanding of the historical processes that have acted upon the populations. Here we focused on diversity at toll-like receptor (TLR) loci, which play a key role in the vertebrate innate immune system and, therefore, are expected to be under pathogen-mediated selection. We assessed TLR variation within and among 13 island populations (grouped into three archipelagos) of Berthelot's pipit, Anthus berthelotii, for which detailed population history has previously been ascertained. We also compared the variation observed with that found in its widespread sister species, the tawny pipit, Anthus campestris. We found strong evidence for positive selection at specific codons in TLR1LA, TLR3 and TLR4. Despite this, we found that at the allele frequency level, demographic history has played the major role in shaping patterns of TLR variation in Berthelot's pipit. Levels of diversity and differentiation within and across archipelagos at all TLR loci corresponded very closely with neutral microsatellite variation, and with the severity of the bottlenecks that occurred during colonization. Our study shows that despite the importance of TLRs in combating pathogens, demography can be the main driver of immune gene variation within and across populations, resulting in patterns of functional variation that can persist over evolutionary timescales.
Data from: The role of selection and historical factors in driving population differentiation along an elevational gradient in an island bird
Adaptation to local environmental conditions and the range dynamics of populations can influence evolutionary divergence along environmental gradients. Thus, it is important to investigate patterns of both phenotypic and genetic variation among populations to reveal the respective roles of these two types of factors in driving population differentiation. Here, we test for evidence of phenotypic and genetic structure across populations of a passerine bird (Zosterops borbonicus) distributed along a steep elevational gradient on the island of Réunion. Using eleven microsatellite loci screened in 401 individuals from 18 localities distributed along the gradient, we found that genetic differentiation occurred at two spatial levels: (i) between two main population groups corresponding to highland and lowland areas, respectively, and (ii) within each of these two groups. In contrast, several morphological traits varied gradually along the gradient. Comparison of neutral genetic differentiation (FST) and phenotypic differentiation (PST) showed that PST largely exceeds FST at several morphological traits, which is consistent with a role for local adaptation in driving morphological divergence along the gradient. Overall, our results revealed an area of secondary contact mid-way up the gradient between two major, cryptic, population groups likely diverged in allopatry. Remarkably, local adaptation has shaped phenotypic differentiation irrespective of population history, resulting in different patterns of variation along the elevational gradient. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding both historical and selective factors when trying to explain variation along environmental gradients.
Data from: Vicariance and marine migration in continental island populations of a frog endemic to the Atlantic Coastal forest
The theory of island biogeography is most often studied in the context of oceanic islands where all island inhabitants are descendants from founding events involving migration from mainland source populations. Far fewer studies have considered predictions of island biogeography in the case of continental islands, where island formation typically splits continuous populations and thus vicariance also contributes to the diversity of island populations. We examined one such case on continental islands in southeastern Brazil, to determine how classic island biogeography predictions and past vicariance explain the population genetic diversity of Thoropa taophora, a frog endemic to the Atlantic Coastal Forest. We used nuclear microsatellite markers to examine the genetic diversity of coastal and island populations of this species. We found that island isolation has a role in shaping the genetic diversity of continental island species, with island populations being significantly less diverse than coastal populations. However, area of the island and distance from coast had no significant effect on genetic diversity. We also found no significant differences between migration among coastal populations and migration to and from islands. We discuss how vicariance and the effects of continued migration between coastal and island populations interact to shape evolutionary patterns on continental islands.
Data from: Coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) development across an elevational gradient on Hawai'i Island: applying laboratory degree-day predictions to natural field populations
Coffee berry borer (CBB, Hypothenemus hampei) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is the most destructive pest of coffee worldwide. Information on CBB development times can be used to predict the initiation of new infestation cycles early in the coffee-growing season and thus inform the timing of insecticide applications. While laboratory estimates of CBB development under constant conditions exist, they have not been applied under the heterogeneous environmental conditions that characterize many coffee-growing regions. We measured CBB development times and abundance in commercial coffee farms across an elevational gradient on Hawai'i Island and applied thermal accumulation models from previous laboratory studies to test their fit to field data. Artificial lures were used to infest coffee berries at five farms ranging in elevation from 279-792 m, and weather variables were monitored at macro (farm-level) and micro (branch-level) scales. CBB development was followed in the field from the time of initial berry infestation by the founding female through the development of F1 mature adults. Mean development time from egg to adult across all sites was 38.5 ± 3.46 days, while the mean time required for the completion of a full life cycle (from time of infestation to presence of mature F1 females) was 50.9 ± 3.35 days. Development time increased with increasing elevation and decreasing temperature. Using macro-scale temperature data and two different estimates for the lower temperature threshold (14.9°C and 13.9°C), we estimated a mean requirement of 332 ± 14 degree-days and 386 ± 16 degree-days, respectively, from the time of berry infestation to the initiation of a new reproductive cycle in mature coffee berries. Similar estimates were obtained using micro-scale temperature data, indicating that macro-scale temperature monitoring is sufficient for life-cycle prediction. We also present a model relating elevation to number of CBB generations per month. Our findings suggest that CBB development times from laboratory studies are generally applicable to field conditions on Hawai'i Island and can be used as a decision support tool to improve IPM strategies for this worldwide pest of coffee.
Mixed mating in a multi-origin population suggests high potential for genetic rescue in North Island brown kiwi, Apteryx mantelli
<p>Reinforcement translocations are increasingly utilised in conservation with the goal of achieving genetic rescue. However, concerns regarding undesirable results, such as genetic homogenisation or replacement, are widespread. One factor influencing translocation outcomes is the rate at which the resident and the introduced individuals interbreed. Consequently, post-release mate choice is a key behaviour to consider in conservation planning. Here we studied mating, and its consequences for genomic admixture, in the North Island brown kiwi <i>Apteryx mantelli</i> population on Ponui Island which was founded by two translocation events over 50 years ago. The two source populations used are now recognised as belonging to two separate management units between which birds differ in size and are genetically differentiated. We examined the correlation between male and female morphometrics for 17 known pairs and quantified the relatedness of 20 pairs from this admixed population. In addition, we compared the genetic similarity and makeup of 106 Ponui Island birds, including 23 known pairs, to birds representing the source populations for the original translocations. We found no evidence for size-assortative mating. On the contrary, genomic SNP data suggested that kiwi of one feather did not flock together, meaning that mate choice resulted in pairing between individuals that were less related than expected by random chance. Furthermore, the birds in the current Ponui Island population were found to fall along a gradient of genomic composition consistent with non-clustered representation of the two parental genomes. These findings indicate potential for successful genetic rescue in future <i>Apteryx</i> reinforcement translocations, a potential that is currently underutilised due to restrictive translocation policies. In light of our findings, we suggest that reconsideration of these policies could render great benefits for the future diversity of this iconic genus in New Zealand.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.