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opencc-by-4.0May 2019View details →

Results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products - Lithuania

This dataset contains the monitoring results of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances measured in live animals and animal products analysed by the national competent authority of Lithuania. The presence of unauthorised substances, residues of veterinary medicinal products in food may pose a risk factor for public health. For this reason and in order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, a comprehensive legislative framework has been established in the European Union (EU) which defines maximum limits permitted in food and monitoring programmes for the control of the presence of these substances in the food chain. Regulation (EU) No 37/2010 establishes maximum limits for residues of veterinary medicinal products in food-producing animals and animal products. Maximum residue levels for pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin are laid down in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005.  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1646 lays down practical arrangements for and specific content of official controls of the use of veterinary medicinal products in live animals and products of animal origin through three different official national control plans: a national risk-based control plan for production in the Member States, a national randomised surveillance plan for production in the Member States and a national risk-based control plan for third-country imports. Additionally, Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1644 lays down the range of samples and stage of production, processing and distribution at which the samples are to be taken. Since 2018 until 2022, the data on the national residue monitoring plan were reported to EFSA in accordance with Council Directive 96/23/EC. The dataset contains the results of laboratory tests from samples taken from bovines, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, poultry, rabbits, farmed game, wild game aquaculture, milk, eggs and honey, and from 2023 also samples from casings, insects and reptiles. Targeted samples are taken with the aim of detecting illegal treatment or controlling compliance with the maximum levels laid down in the relevant legislation. This means that, in their national plans Member States target the groups of animals (species, gender, age) where the probability of finding residues is the highest. Conversely, the objective of random sampling is to collect significant data to evaluate, for example, consumer exposure to a specific substance. Suspect samples are taken as a consequence of i) non-compliant results on samples taken in accordance with the control plans, ii) possession or presence of prohibited substances at any point during manufacture, storage, distribution or sale through the food and feed production chain, or iii) suspicion or evidence of illegal treatment or non-compliance with the withdrawal period for an authorised medicinal veterinary product. Residues of pharmacologically active substances mean active substances, excipients or degradation products and their metabolites, which remain in food. Unauthorised substances mean substances that are not authorised as veterinary medicinal products or as a feed additive under European Union legislation. Prohibited substances mean substances which are prohibited for use in food producing animals according to the European Union legislation. Non-compliant sample is a sample that has been analysed for the presence of one or more substances and failed to comply with the legal provisions for at least one substance. Thus, a sample can be non-compliant for one or more substances. REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION: VMPR_2023 – National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute VMPR_2022 – National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute VMPR_2021 – National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute VMPR_2020 – National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute VMPR_2019 – National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute VMPR_2018 – National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute VMPR_2017 – National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2020View details →

Results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products - Spain

This dataset contains the monitoring results of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances measured in live animals and animal products analysed by the national competent authority of Spain. The presence of unauthorised substances, residues of veterinary medicinal products in food may pose a risk factor for public health. For this reason and in order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, a comprehensive legislative framework has been established in the European Union (EU) which defines maximum limits permitted in food and monitoring programmes for the control of the presence of these substances in the food chain. Regulation (EU) No 37/2010 establishes maximum limits for residues of veterinary medicinal products in food-producing animals and animal products. Maximum residue levels for pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin are laid down in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1646 lays down practical arrangements for and specific content of official controls of the use of veterinary medicinal products in live animals and products of animal origin through three different official national control plans: a national risk-based control plan for production in the Member States, a national randomised surveillance plan for production in the Member States and a national risk-based control plan for third-country imports. Additionally, Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1644 lays down the range of samples and stage of production, processing and distribution at which the samples are to be taken. Since 2018 until 2022, the data on the national residue monitoring plan were reported to EFSA in accordance with Council Directive 96/23/EC. The dataset contains the results of laboratory tests from samples taken from bovines, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, poultry, rabbits, farmed game, wild game aquaculture, milk, eggs and honey, and from 2023 also samples from casings, insects and reptiles. Targeted samples are taken with the aim of detecting illegal treatment or controlling compliance with the maximum levels laid down in the relevant legislation. This means that, in their national plans Member States target the groups of animals (species, gender, age) where the probability of finding residues is the highest. Conversely, the objective of random sampling is to collect significant data to evaluate, for example, consumer exposure to a specific substance. Suspect samples are taken as a consequence of i) non-compliant results on samples taken in accordance with the control plans, ii) possession or presence of prohibited substances at any point during manufacture, storage, distribution or sale through the food and feed production chain, or iii) suspicion or evidence of illegal treatment or non-compliance with the withdrawal period for an authorised medicinal veterinary product. Residues of pharmacologically active substances mean active substances, excipients or degradation products and their metabolites, which remain in food. Unauthorised substances mean substances that are not authorised as veterinary medicinal products or as a feed additive under European Union legislation. Prohibited substances mean substances which are prohibited for use in food producing animals according to the European Union legislation. Non-compliant sample is a sample that has been analysed for the presence of one or more substances and failed to comply with the legal provisions for at least one substance. Thus, a sample can be non-compliant for one or more substances. REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION: VMPR_2023 – Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition; Ministry of Health VMPR_2022 – Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition VMPR_2021 – Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition VMPR_2020 – Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition VMPR_2019 – Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition VMPR_2018 – Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition VMPR_2017 – Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition; Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment

opencc-by-4.0May 2019View details →

Results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products - Germany

This dataset contains the monitoring results of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances measured in live animals and animal products analysed by the national competent authority of Germany. The presence of unauthorised substances, residues of veterinary medicinal products in food may pose a risk factor for public health. For this reason and in order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, a comprehensive legislative framework has been established in the European Union (EU) which defines maximum limits permitted in food and monitoring programmes for the control of the presence of these substances in the food chain. Regulation (EU) No 37/2010 establishes maximum limits for residues of veterinary medicinal products in food-producing animals and animal products. Maximum residue levels for pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin are laid down in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1646 lays down practical arrangements for and specific content of official controls of the use of veterinary medicinal products in live animals and products of animal origin through three different official national control plans: a national risk-based control plan for production in the Member States, a national randomised surveillance plan for production in the Member States and a national risk-based control plan for third-country imports. Additionally, Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1644 lays down the range of samples and stage of production, processing and distribution at which the samples are to be taken. Since 2018 until 2022, the data on the national residue monitoring plan were reported to EFSA in accordance with Council Directive 96/23/EC. The dataset contains the results of laboratory tests from samples taken from bovines, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, poultry, rabbits, farmed game, wild game aquaculture, milk, eggs and honey, and from 2023 also samples from casings, insects and reptiles. Targeted samples are taken with the aim of detecting illegal treatment or controlling compliance with the maximum levels laid down in the relevant legislation. This means that, in their national plans Member States target the groups of animals (species, gender, age) where the probability of finding residues is the highest. Conversely, the objective of random sampling is to collect significant data to evaluate, for example, consumer exposure to a specific substance. Suspect samples are taken as a consequence of i) non-compliant results on samples taken in accordance with the control plans, ii) possession or presence of prohibited substances at any point during manufacture, storage, distribution or sale through the food and feed production chain, or iii) suspicion or evidence of illegal treatment or non-compliance with the withdrawal period for an authorised medicinal veterinary product. Residues of pharmacologically active substances mean active substances, excipients or degradation products and their metabolites, which remain in food. Unauthorised substances mean substances that are not authorised as veterinary medicinal products or as a feed additive under European Union legislation. Prohibited substances mean substances which are prohibited for use in food producing animals according to the European Union legislation. Non-compliant sample is a sample that has been analysed for the presence of one or more substances and failed to comply with the legal provisions for at least one substance. Thus, a sample can be non-compliant for one or more substances. REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION: VMPR_2023 – Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety VMPR_2022 – Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety VMPR_2021 – Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety VMPR_2020 – Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety VMPR_2019 – Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety VMPR_2018 – Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety VMPR_2017 – Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products - United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland

This dataset contains the monitoring results of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances measured in live animals and animal products analysed by the national competent authority of United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland. The presence of unauthorised substances, residues of veterinary medicinal products in food may pose a risk factor for public health. For this reason and in order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, a comprehensive legislative framework has been established in the European Union (EU) which defines maximum limits permitted in food and monitoring programmes for the control of the presence of these substances in the food chain. Regulation (EU) No 37/2010 establishes maximum limits for residues of veterinary medicinal products in food-producing animals and animal products. Maximum residue levels for pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin are laid down in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1646 lays down practical arrangements for and specific content of official controls of the use of veterinary medicinal products in live animals and products of animal origin through three different official national control plans: a national risk-based control plan for production in the Member States, a national randomised surveillance plan for production in the Member States and a national risk-based control plan for third-country imports. Additionally, Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1644 lays down the range of samples and stage of production, processing and distribution at which the samples are to be taken. Since 2018 until 2022, the data on the national residue monitoring plan were reported to EFSA in accordance with Council Directive 96/23/EC. The dataset contains the results of laboratory tests from samples taken from bovines, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, poultry, rabbits, farmed game, wild game aquaculture, milk, eggs and honey, and from 2023 also samples from casings, insects and reptiles. Targeted samples are taken with the aim of detecting illegal treatment or controlling compliance with the maximum levels laid down in the relevant legislation. This means that, in their national plans Member States target the groups of animals (species, gender, age) where the probability of finding residues is the highest. Conversely, the objective of random sampling is to collect significant data to evaluate, for example, consumer exposure to a specific substance. Suspect samples are taken as a consequence of i) non-compliant results on samples taken in accordance with the control plans, ii) possession or presence of prohibited substances at any point during manufacture, storage, distribution or sale through the food and feed production chain, or iii) suspicion or evidence of illegal treatment or non-compliance with the withdrawal period for an authorised medicinal veterinary product. Residues of pharmacologically active substances mean active substances, excipients or degradation products and their metabolites, which remain in food. Unauthorised substances mean substances that are not authorised as veterinary medicinal products or as a feed additive under European Union legislation. Prohibited substances mean substances which are prohibited for use in food producing animals according to the European Union legislation. Non-compliant sample is a sample that has been analysed for the presence of one or more substances and failed to comply with the legal provisions for at least one substance. Thus, a sample can be non-compliant for one or more substances. For 2021 and 2022 the only United Kingdom data that were reported to EFSA were from Northern Ireland. In accordance with the Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandfrom the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, and in particular Article 5(4) of the WindsorFramework (see Joint Declaration No 1/2023 of the Union and the United Kingdom in the Joint Committee establishedby the Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the EuropeanUnion and the European Atomic Energy Community of 24 March 2023, OJ L 102, 17.4.2023, p.87) in conjunction withsection 24 of Annex 2 to that Framework, for the purposes of this Regulation, references to Member States include theUnited Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland. REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION: VMPR_2023 – Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs VMPR_2022 – Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs VMPR_2021 – Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Long-Lived Ensembles of Shallow NV− Centers in Flat and Nanostructured Diamonds by Photoconversion

Shallow, negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV−) in diamond have been proposed for high-sensitivity magnetometry and spin-polarization transfer applications. However, surface effects tend to favor and stabilize the less useful neutral form, the NV0 centers. Here, we report the effects of green laser irradiation on ensembles of nanometer-shallow NV centers in flat and nanostructured diamond surfaces as a function of laser power in a range not previously explored (up to 150 mW/μm2). Fluorescence spectroscopy, optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), and charge-photoconversion detection are applied to characterize the properties and dynamics of NV− and NV0 centers. We demonstrate that high laser power strongly promotes photoconversion of NV0 to NV− centers. Surprisingly, the excess NV− population is stable over a timescale of 100 ms after switching off the laser, resulting in long-lived enrichment of shallow NV−. The beneficial effect of photoconversion is less marked in nanostructured samples. Our results are important to inform the design of samples and experimental procedures for applications relying on ensembles of shallow NV− centers in diamond.

dryad40/100

Economies of scale shape energetics of solitary and group living spiders and their webs

Metabolic scaling, whereby larger individuals use less energy per unit mass than smaller ones, may apply to the combined metabolic rate of group-living organisms as group size increases. Spiders that form groups in high disturbance environments can serve to test the hypothesis that economies of scale benefit social groups. Using solitary and group-living spiders, we tested the hypothesis that spiders exhibit negative allometry between body or colony mass and the standing mass of their webs and whether, and how, such a relationship may contribute to group-living benefits in a cooperative spider. Given the diverse architecture of spider webs—orb, tangle, and sheet-and-tangle, and associated differences in silk content, we first assessed how standing web mass scales with spider mass as a function of web architecture and whether investment in silk differs among web types. As group-living spiders are predominantly found in clades that build the presumably costlier sheet-and-tangle webs, we then asked whether cost-sharing through cooperative web maintenance contributes to a positive energy budget in a social species. We found that larger spiders had a relatively smaller investment in silk per unit mass than smaller ones, but more complex sheet-and-tangle webs contained orders of magnitude more silk than simpler orb or tangle ones. In the group-living species, standing web mass per unit spider mass continued to decline as colony size increased with a similar slope as for unitary spiders. When web maintenance activities were considered, colonies also experienced reduced mass-specific energy expenditure with increasing colony size. Activity savings contributed to a net positive energy balance for medium and large colonies after inputs from the cooperative capture of large prey were accounted for. Economies of scale have been previously demonstrated in animal societies characterized by reproductive and worker castes, but not in relatively egalitarian societies as those of social spiders. Our findings illustrate the universality of scaling laws and how economies of scale may contribute to setting limits on social behaviour and hunting strategies.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2017View details →

Fig. 1. – Living Syzygium P in New Caledonian Piliocalyx transferred to Syzygium (Myrtaceae) with an updated conspectus of the species

Fig. 1. – Living Syzygium P. Browne ex Gaertn. A-B. Syzygium baudounii (Brongn. & Gris) N. Snow, Byng & J.W. Dawson; C. Syzygium francii (Guillaumin) N. Snow, Byng & Munzinger; D. Syzygium ignambiense (Baker f.) N. Snow & Byng; E. Syzygium neoeugenioides N. Snow & Byng; F. Syzygium neolaurifolium N. Snow & Byng.

Fig. 4 in Distributional Range Extension and Live Coloration of the Indo-Pacific Deepwater Cardinalfish Ostorhinchus cheni (Perciformes: Apogonidae)

Fig. 4. Distributional records of Ostorhinchus cheni. ★ based on specimens examined in the present study; ▲ based on underwater photograph; ● literature records.

Fig. 1 in Distributional Range Extension and Live Coloration of the Indo-Pacific Deepwater Cardinalfish Ostorhinchus cheni (Perciformes: Apogonidae)

Fig. 1. Fresh specimen of Ostorhinchus cheni. KAUM–I. 69457, 115.4 mm SL, off Miagao, Panay Island, Philippines.

Fig. 3 in Distributional Range Extension and Live Coloration of the Indo-Pacific Deepwater Cardinalfish Ostorhinchus cheni (Perciformes: Apogonidae)

Fig. 3. Underwater photograph of Ostorhinchus cheni. Tulamben, Bali, Indonesia, 70–80 m, 18 June 2016 (Photo by T. Shiraishi).

Fig. 3 in Oncholaimus langhovdensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Enoplea: Oncholaimida), a New Species of Free-living Marine Nematode from Langhovde, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica

Fig. 3. Oncholaimus langhovdensis sp. nov., SEM images. A female ICHUM 5322 (A, B, D, F) and a male ICHUM 5321 (C, E). A, head, anterior view; B, head, lateral view; C, male tail, lateral view; D, female tail, lateral view; E, male cloacal region, ventral view; F, vulva, ventrolateral view. Scale bars: A, B, E, F, 10 µm; C, D, 50 µm.

Fig. 2 in Oncholaimus langhovdensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Enoplea: Oncholaimida), a New Species of Free-living Marine Nematode from Langhovde, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica

Fig. 2. Oncholaimus langhovdensis sp. nov. Male ICHUM 5311 (holotype; A, B), females ICHUM 5316 (C, D) and 5317 (E). A, testes; B, left spicule, lateral view; C, female posterior region; D, uvette and osmosium, right lateral view; E, uvette and osmosium, ventral view. Abbreviations: a.t., anterior testis; d.e., ductus entericus; d.u., ductus uterinus; e., egg; i., intestine; os., osmosium; ov., ovary; p.t., posterior testis; ut., uterus; uv., uvette; v., vulva; v.d., vas deferens. Scale bars: A, C, 500 µm; B, 10 µm; D, E, 50 µm.

Fig. 6 in Two New Species of Free-living Marine Nematodes (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Tripyloididae) from the Coast of Antarctica

Fig. 6. Parabathylaimus jare sp. nov. A, malformed spicule and gubernaculum (ICHUM 5376); B, spicule and gubernaculum (ICHUM 5377); C, female body (ICHUM 5493); D, female head (ICHUM 5493); E, female posterior region (ICHUM 5493); F, vaginal region (ICHUM 5493). Scale bars: A, B, 10 µm; C, 500 µm; D, 20 µm; E, F, 100 µm.

Fig. 2 in Two New Species of Free-living Marine Nematodes (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Tripyloididae) from the Coast of Antarctica

Fig. 2. Odontophora odontophoroides sp. nov. A, B, E–J, differential interference contrast photomicrographs; C, D, SEM images. A, inner view of head (holotype); B, amphid and odontia (holotype); C, mouth opening with odontia (non-type male); D, amphidial aperture (nontype male); E, distal end of spicule with spine-like structures (holotype); F, ventral view of left spicule (white arrowheads) and gubernacula (black arrowheads) (dissected non-type); G, gubernaculum (holotype); H, precloacal pore (holotype); I, precloacal supplement (black arrowhead) (holotype); J, contents of testis (holotype); K, sperms in seminal vesicle (holotype). Scale bars: A–G, J, K, 10 µm; H, I, 5 µm.

Fig. 4 in Two New Species of Free-living Marine Nematodes (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Tripyloididae) from the Coast of Antarctica

Fig. 4. Parabathylaimus jare sp. nov. A, male body (holotype); B, male anterior region (holotype); C, male head, dorso-lateral view (holotype); D, male head, lateral view (ICHUM 5377); E, male posterior region (holotype); F, male posterior region (ICHUM 5377); G, spicule and gubernaculum (holotype). Abbreviations: a.t., anterior testis; s.v., seminal vesicle; v.d., vas deferens. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, E, F, 100 µm; C, D, 20 µm; G, 10 µm.

Fig. 1 in Two New Species of Free-living Marine Nematodes (Nematoda: Axonolaimidae and Tripyloididae) from the Coast of Antarctica

Fig. 1. Odontophora odontophoroides sp. nov. A, male body (holotype); B, male anterior region (holotype); C, male head with closed mouth (holotype); D, male posterior region (holotype); E, male genital apparatus (holotype); F, G, spicule and gubernaculum (ICHUM 5486 and 5488, respectively). Abbreviations: a.t., anterior testis; e.g., ejaculatory glands; p.p., precloacal pore; p.s., precloacal supplement; p.t., posterior testis; s.v., seminal vesicle; v.d., vas deferens. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, D, 100 µm; C, 20 µm; E–G, 10 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in A New Species of Free-living Marine Nematode, Proplatycoma tsukubae sp. nov. (Enoplida: Leptosomatidae), from Japan

Fig. 3. Proplatycoma tsukubae sp. nov. A, male reproductive system (holotype); B, male reproductive system (paratype); C, male posterior region (holotype); D, accessory structure of spicule (holotype). Abbreviations: a.p.s., anterior precloacal ventromedian supplement; p.p.s., posterior precloacal ventromedian supplement; p.s., postcloacal ventromedian supplement.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in A New Species of Free-living Marine Nematode, Proplatycoma tsukubae sp. nov. (Enoplida: Leptosomatidae), from Japan

Fig. 1. Proplatycoma tsukubae sp. nov. A, male body (holotype); B, male body (paratype); C, male head (holotype); D, male head (paratype); E, male anterior region (holotype). Abbreviations: a.t., anterior testis; c.c., cephalic capsule; m.l., microlabium; p.t., posterior testis.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Dataset: Interleukin (IL)-1 blocking agents for the treatment of COVID-19 A living systematic review

This dataset is used in the analyses reported in the review entitled "Interleukin (IL)-1 blocking agents for the treatment of COVID-19 A living systematic review" IL-1 blockers are beneficial in inflammation-associated pathologies, such as rheumatoid arthritis (Mertens 2009) and possibly also in the subgroup of patients with severe sepsis where the inflammasome pathway is involved (Shakoory 2016). Similar benefits were reported in children with secondary macrophage activation syndrome, including cases triggered by viral infections (Mehta 2020b). In this review we aimed to assess the effectiveness of IL-1 blocking agents compared to placebo, standard of care or no treatment on outcomes in patients with COVID-19. This review is part of a larger project: the COVID-NMA project. We set-up a platform (<a href="https://covid-nma.com/">https://covid-nma.com</a>) where all our results are made available and updated bi-weekly.