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FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIG. 21. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 21. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterior view. d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm. TABLE 6. — Measurements of periotic foramina in mm.

FIG. 20. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 20. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic in situ in squamosal. Light blue line, burrow. Ventral view.

FIG. 19. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 19. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic: E, posterior view; F, lateroventral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 15. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 15. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Medial view without periotic. d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior. Stereo image. Scale bars: 10 cm.

FIG. 5. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 5. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype. The neurocranium of Persufflatius n. gen. compared to the outline drawings of Pelocetus, Atlanticetus, Parietobalaena, Piscobalaena (a typical Cetotheriidae) and Balaenoptera acutorostrata (a typical derived Balaenopteridae). Notice the rounded, bulbous, 'inflated' shape of the postglenoid process, the exoccipital, the anterior squamosal and the supraoccipital (arrows).

FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view; E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed); F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place). Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm.

FIG. 27. — A in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 27. — A, Consensus tree of the matrix based on Bisconti et al. 2020. The numbers at the nodes are Bremer support values.

FIG. 25 in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: A, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; B, pterygoid-squamosal suture; compactness: 0.631; C, anteroventral squamosal border; compactness: 0.594; D, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; E, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; F, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; G, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: G1, top: 0.808; G2, middle: 0.509; G3, bottom: 0.775; H, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; I, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using 'Bone ProfileR' (Girondot & Laurin 2003). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4.

FIG. 24 in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 24. — Series of bone samples of the neurocranium of the holotype (MAB 010293), showing some different bone structures. Left, neurocranium of holotype: A, anterior view; B, posterior to posterodorsal view; C, posterodorsal view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; m, medial; l, lateral. Magenta ovals show positions where the bone samples were taken. Scale bar: 10 cm exept photos of the bone samples (on the right), to the same scale (10 mm).

FIG. 3 in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 3. — Distribution chart of palynomorphs in the sandy sample, the newly defined specimen (MAB 010293) was dated from. The sample, consisting of fine glauconitic sand, was intercalated between the periotic and the squamosal of the holotype. Abbreviations: SP, sporomorphs; MP, miscellaneous palynomorphs.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Spectral dataset of natural light fields measured in the Netherlands

This is a spectral dataset of natural light collected in the Netherlands. The data supplement contains the rural and city cubic irradiance spectra with associated wavelength spacing. We measured natural light fields for sunny weather in the shade and light for 24 rural and urban scenes across multiple days (in total 48 cubic measurements). We also measured natural light fields from dawn till dusk on a sunny day (in total 165 cubic measurements) and a cloudy day (in total 124 cubic measurements). This spectral light-field dataset provides comprehensive illumination statistics useful for understanding biological vision. The data reveal how perceptually meaningful aspects of the light, such as the direction, colour and diffuseness of the main light components, vary over space and time in ecologically valid conditions.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Pond bat capture and diet data from the Netherlands

The goal of this study was to describe the spatial segregation and diet of Pond bats (Myotis dasycneme). A wide range of water-bound habitats throughout the Netherlands was sampled, including marshes, lakes, rivers, wetlands and waterways. For all the locations water depth and soil type were determined. Life animals were captured during 471 nights using a mist net. No Pond bats were captured during 134 of those nights. Water depth and soil type was based on top 10 vector maps (www.pdok.nl/geo-services) with information about both variables. Each captured individual was placed in a separate cotton holding bag until it was weighted, sexed, and the reproductive status and age were assessed by observation of external characteristics. Before dissecting, the dry weight of each faecal pellet was measured with an electronic scale. All samples were dissected under a Carl Zeiss Discovery V20 stereomicroscope. All identifiable fragments were photographed and stored for later use.  Genetic analysis: The pellets were ground to a fine powder in liquid nitrogen with a mortar and pestle using the protocol of the commercial Qiagen QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit in a special Ancient DNA facility dedicated to work with samples with degraded DNA and following established protocols to avoid contamination such as the inclusion of extraction blanks. Subsequently, aliquots of each extraction were further purified using Promega PCR purification columns. Amplifications of the ~313 bp long mitochondrial COI mini-barcoding marker were performed using forward primer ZBJ-ArtF1c 5’-AGATATTGGAACWTTATATTTTATTTTTGG-3’ and reverse primer ZBJ-ArtR2c 5’- WACTAATCAATTWCCAAATCCTCC-3’. The ~157 bp long mitochondrial 16S barcoding marker was amplified using the forward primer P7_FO-16S 5’- RGACGAGAAGACCCTATARA-3’ and P7_R0-16S 5’-ACGCTGTTATCCCTAARGTA-3’. Primers were labelled for DNA metabarcoding with IonExpress labels. The PCR was carried out in 30 microliter reactions containing 0.20 µl Qiagen taq 5u/µl, 3 µl 10x Qiagen buffer, 2 µl 2,5mM dNTP’s, 0,5 µl 10 µM forward primer, 0,5 µl 10 µM reverse primer, 1,5 µl 25mM MgCl2, 0,5 µl 10 mg/ml BSA, 19.80 µl MiliQ and 2 µl template. Amplifications were performed using the following PCR programme: 5 min denaturation at 95°C followed by 40 cycles of 20 seconds denaturation at 95°C, 20 seconds annealing at 50°C and 1-minute elongation at 72°C. Final elongation was conducted at 72°C for 7 minutes on a C1000 Biorad PCR machine. Primer dimer and other contaminants were removed by using 0.9x Ampure XP beads (Agencourt) to which the PCR products were bound. The beads were washed with 150 microliter 70% EtOH twice and resuspended in 20 microliter TE buffer. Cleaned PCR products were quantified using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer DNA High sensitivity chip. An equimolar pool was prepared of the amplicon libraries at the highest possible concentration. This equimolar pool was diluted according to the calculated template dilution factor to target 10-30% of all positive Ion Sphere Particles. Template preparation and enrichment was carried out with the Ion One Touch 200 Template kit with use of the Ion One Touch System, according to the manufacturer's protocol. The quality control of the Ion One Touch 200 Ion Sphere Particles was done with the Ion Sphere Quality Control kit using a Life Qubit 2.0. The enriched Ion Spheres were prepared for sequencing on a Personal Genome Machine (PGM) with the Ion PGM 200 Sequencing kit as described in the protocol and deposited on an Ion-314 chip (520 cycles per run) in three consecutive sequencing runs. Reads obtained from Ion Torrent sequencing were automatically sorted into separate sequence files based on the MID labels by the Ion Torrent software. The reads were further processed with PRINSEQ (version 0.20.3) with the following settings: a minimum read length of 100 bp, trimming to 140 bp, minimum mean quality of Q24 per read, additional trimming of '3 end bases with a Q lower than 24 and removal of full duplicate sequences. Filtered reads were clustered into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) defined by a sequence similarity of at least 97% using CD-HIT-EST. Singletons were omitted. For each cluster the representative sequences were BLASTed with the NCBI-blast+ software package (version 2.2.28+) against either the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database or a custom database containing all Arthropod sequences located on the Barcode of Life Database. BLAST hits were filtered according to the following criteria: minimum hit length of a 100 bp, minimum hit similarity of 97% and a maximum e-value of 0.05. Reference databases of Dutch species such as http://www.nederlandsesoorten.nl/ were used to check if a species had been recorded for the Netherlands. All species not (yet) known for The Netherlands were reduced to genus level or to the family level if the genus is also unknown to occur.   Description of the data files:   pelletsMicroscopy.csv Details of individual faecal pellets with prey remains analysed using microscopic analysis. ID: pellet ID sex: sex of the caught Pond bat individual age: age class of the bat date: capture night province: province in which the bat was captured x and y: spatial coordinates within the Netherlands waterDepth: water depth in meters at the capture location pelletWeight: weight of the pellet in grams year: capture year dayOfYear: day of the year, since January 1 period: I: end of hibernation till May 20, II May 21- June 29, III: June 30- July 30 and IV: July 31 till hibernation meanPreyWeight: average weight of prey in mg peat: whether the capture site was located in peatland or not propPupae: the proportion of pupae of chironomids: the number of pupae divided by the total number of organisms of all species in a pellet evenness: Pielou’s evenness of the abundance of prey items in a pellet shannon: Shannon index of the diversity of prey items in a pellet saFemale and saMale: sexual activity status of females and males at the time of capture temp: mean temperature (in 0.1 degrees Celsius) during the first two hours after sunset during the capture night wind: mean wind speed (in 0.1 m/s) during the first two hours after sunset during the capture night nPupae: number of Chironomidae pupae found in a pellet nPrey: total number of prey items found in a pellet   pelletsMetabarcoding.csv Details of individual faecal pellets analysed using metabarcoding.   ID: pellet ID sex: sex of the caught Pond bat individual reproductiveState: reproductive status of the bat age: age class of the bat mature: sexually mature (1) or not (0) date: capture night peat: whether the capture site was located in peatland or not province: province in which the bat was captured x and y: spatial coordinates within the Netherlands waterDepth: water depth in meters at the capture location pelletWeight: weight of the pellet in grams   preyWeight.csv Mean weight (milligram) of taxonomic and developmental prey groups, including information on length (mm) and width (mm) of each group.   orderPellet.csv Number of pellets in which at least 1 prey of a certain taxon is found, separately per sex of the bat and per analysis method (microscopy or metabarcoding). Total number of analyzed pellets was 365 for females – microscopy, 170 for males – microscopy, 95 for females – metabarcoding, and 65 for males – metabarcoding.    taxaCountsMicroscopy.csv Number of prey individuals per taxonomic group found by using morphological analyses (microscopy) of faecal pellets of Pond bats. For each group the number of observations are given separately for male and female bats.   taxaCountsMetabarcoding.csv Number of prey individuals per taxonomic group found by using metabarcoding of faecal pellets of Pond bats. For each group the number of observations are given for both male and female bats.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

SVAD Age Data: Netherlands

Description The skeletal and dental data were collected from anonymized computed tomography images generated at the Amsterdam Medical Center. Individuals are between birth and 15 years of age. As part of the SVAD age indicator template, there are 64 age variables (columns) in the dataset, which include diaphyseal lengths and breadths, epiphyseal fusion/appearance of ossification centers, and dental development. The data collection methodology can be found in Stull and Corron (2022) and Corron et al. (2021). Basic Key Code: <ul> <li>*DL_L/R == diaphyseal lengths</li> <li>*DB_L/R == diapyseal lengths</li> <li>*EF_L/R == epiphyseal fusion</li> <li>*Oss == ossification </li> <li>*man_ and max_ == mandibular and maxillary dental development</li> </ul> References Stull, K.E. and Corron, L.K. (<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6756/2/1/3">2022</a>) The Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database (SVAD): An Accessible Repository of Contemporary Subadult Reference Data. Forensic. Sci. 2022, 2, 20–36.  https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2010003. Corron, LK, et al. (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073821000074">2021</a>) Standardizing ordinal subadult age indicators: Testing for observer agreement and consistency across modalities. Forensic Science International 320, 110687.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Contact data of older adults (70+) in the Netherlands in 2021

SCONE (Studying CONtacts of Elderly): Contact data of frail and non-frail older adults (70+) collected in the Netherlands during two survey periods in 2021

Figure 4 A-E in LIFE CYCLE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF METRIOCNEMUS (INERMIPUPA) CARMENCITABERTARUM LANGTON & COBO 1997 (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN THE NETHERLANDS: INDICATIONS FOR A SOUTHERN ORIGIN? Abstract

Figure 4 A-E. Numbers of adults, egg strings and pupal exuviae of Metriocnemus (Inermipupa) carmencitabetarum recorded between April and December in 2012 and 2013 at Appingdam and Nijmegen and of 4th instar larvae at Nijmegen in 2013: 4A number of adults and egg strings at Appingedam, 2012; 4B number of adults and pupal exuviae at Appingedam 2013; 4C number of adults and egg strings at Nijmegen 2012; 4D number of adults and pupal exuviae at Nijmegen 2013; 4E numbers of 4th instar larvae recorded in the upper 50 cm of the water butt at Nijmegen, 2013. Horizontal brackets indicate periods of adult activity of one generation. Periods with no observations are shaded.

Figure 3 in LIFE CYCLE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF METRIOCNEMUS (INERMIPUPA) CARMENCITABERTARUM LANGTON & COBO 1997 (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN THE NETHERLANDS: INDICATIONS FOR A SOUTHERN ORIGIN? Abstract

Figure 3. Emergence pattern of the wintering generation from the Appingedam vase in spring 2014 (black dots and solid line) and hypothetical emergence pattern when larval development would have been interrupted by a diapause (dotted line). Number of pupal exuviae are added up per week.

Figure 5 in LIFE CYCLE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF METRIOCNEMUS (INERMIPUPA) CARMENCITABERTARUM LANGTON & COBO 1997 (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN THE NETHERLANDS: INDICATIONS FOR A SOUTHERN ORIGIN? Abstract

Figure 5. Seasonal length differences in male and female pupal exuviae in Nijmegen in 2013, with a binomial fit (left y-axis). The two wavy lines represent mean weekly minimum and maximum temperatures from April to October (right y-axis).

Figure 1 in LIFE CYCLE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF METRIOCNEMUS (INERMIPUPA) CARMENCITABERTARUM LANGTON & COBO 1997 (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN THE NETHERLANDS: INDICATIONS FOR A SOUTHERN ORIGIN? Abstract

Figure 1. Distribution of Metriocnemus (I.) carmencitabertarum in the Netherlands and the location of the two research sites Appingedam and Nijmegen.

Figure 2 in LIFE CYCLE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF METRIOCNEMUS (INERMIPUPA) CARMENCITABERTARUM LANGTON & COBO 1997 (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN THE NETHERLANDS: INDICATIONS FOR A SOUTHERN ORIGIN? Abstract

Figure 2. Head width and head length of wintering larvae collected in the Appingedam vase in December 2013 and February 2014. Results are projected in a HW-HL graph of the four M. (I.) carmencitabertarum instars obtained from Kuper (2015) revealing wintering in 3rd and 4th larval stage in the Appingedam vase.