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Figure 18 in The Macrobiotus ariekammensis species complex provides evidence for parallel evolution of claw elongation in macrobiotid tardigrades

Figure 18. Macrobiotus kirghizicus from the Kyrgyz Republic – egg chorion morphology seen in SEM: A, entire egg; B–D, details of the egg surface and processes; E, F, details of the distal portion of egg processes. Filled flat arrowheads indicate pores within the basal portion of egg processes wall. Scale bars in µm.

Fig. 7 in Parallel evolution of leaf morphology in gnetophytes

Fig. 7 Reproductive shoots of Ephedra multinervia magnified displaying details of cone characters. a Opposite and subsessile female cones showing paired FRUs, enlarged obdeltoid receptacle and the apical straight micropylar tube. b A female cone showing micropylar tube. c Opposite and sessile female cones magnified showing bracteal fusion up to more than half of their length. d Bracts adnate but not connate. mt micropylar tube, r receptacle, fb fused bracts, ab adnate bracts

Fig. 6 in Parallel evolution of leaf morphology in gnetophytes

Fig. 6 Reproductive shoots of Ephedra multinervia magnified showing details. a A reproductive branch displaying increasingly shortened internodes towards the distal ends, and the dichasial ramification with irregular branching. b–c Reproductive shoots magnified showing cone clusters with shortened internodes

Fig. 4 A in Parallel evolution of leaf morphology in gnetophytes

Fig. 4 A reproductive shoot of Ephedra multinervia showing the ephedroid morphology. c female cone, l leaf, n node

Figure 4 in Parallel evolution of toepads in rock-dwelling lineages of a terrestrial gecko (Gekkota: Gekkonidae: Heteronotia binoei)

Figure 4. Log-transformed terminal scale width plotted against log-transformed snout-vent length (SVL) for 85 specimens of nine lineages of Heteronotia binoei. Colours indicate lineage and symbol shape indicates habitat use (ecology). The blue line represents the line of best fit. For a given SVL, saxicoline lineages generally have wider terminal scales than do terrestrial or generalist lineages.

Figure 3 in Parallel evolution of toepads in rock-dwelling lineages of a terrestrial gecko (Gekkota: Gekkonidae: Heteronotia binoei)

Figure 3. Microhabitat use of Heteronotia binoei lineages. Bars show the proportion of observations for each lineage that were found on the ground (orange), on rock (grey), or on trees (green). The numbers of observations for each lineage are shown below each bar. While CC, MI, Paluma-E and Paluma-W are saxicoline (> 75% on rocks), Blencoe is terrestrial (> 75% on ground) and the remaining linages are generalist.

Figure 6 in Parallel evolution of toepads in rock-dwelling lineages of a terrestrial gecko (Gekkota: Gekkonidae: Heteronotia binoei)

Figure 6. Boxplots illustrating variation in subdigital scale area and micro-ornamentation among the four focal lineages of Heteronotia binoei. The x-axis represents functional scale regions. Terrestrial lineages appear as warm colours (EA6 in yellow, Blencoe in red), while saxicoline lineages appear as cool colours (CC in blue, Paluma-W in purple). A, size-adjusted scale area of the terminal (FD) and subinflection (IN) scales. B, setae length (µm) across the five scale regions. C, setae spacing (µm) across the five scale regions. D, number of branching events of the setae on the FD and IN scales. The SEM image at the bottom illustrates the different functional scale regions of the toe (as in Fig. 2).

Figure 3 in Mosaic patterns of homoplasy accompany the parallel evolution of suspensory adaptations in the forelimb of tree sloths (Folivora: Xenarthra)

Figure 3. Boxplots and ancestral state reconstructions of select linear measurements and angles. Metrics were selected to represent the diversity of observed outcomes, including one example (A) of a trait that is clearly distinct between tree sloths and other taxa, one example (B) of a trait that exhibits significant convergence between tree sloths but not a significant difference between tree sloths and other xenarthrans, and one example (C) of a trait for which tree sloths do exhibit a significant difference with other xenarthrans, but do not exhibit clear evidence of convergence. Ancestral state reconstructions are provided to visualize changes in a phylogenetic context and are not necessarily intended to accurately characterize ancestral states, although they do represent the states used to measure convergence. In the heatmaps, purple represents the direction predicted for suspensory taxa.

Figure 2 in Mosaic patterns of homoplasy accompany the parallel evolution of suspensory adaptations in the forelimb of tree sloths (Folivora: Xenarthra)

Figure 2. Landmarks and measurements taken in this study. Top row: scapulae shown are (from left to right) Bradypus, Choloepus, Tamandua, Tamandua. Long bones shown are from Tamandua (from left to right): humerus (anterior), humerus (posterior), ulna, tibia, femur, radius, radius (proximal).

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Fig. 3 in Parallel evolution of leaf morphology in gnetophytes

Fig. 3 Type locality of Ephedra multinervia Y. Yang et L.B. Lin.