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955 results for “phosphate”
Supplemental to: Modulation of Phosphate Deficiency-induced Metabolic Changes by Iron Availability
<p>Concurrent suboptimal supply of several nutrients requires the coordination of nutrient-specific transcriptional, phenotypic, and metabolic changes in plants in order to optimize growth and development in most agricultural and natural ecosystems. </p> <p>Here, we report the impact of Fe availability on Pi deficiency-induced accumulation of amino acids and organic acids, which play important roles in Pi use efficiency. </p> <p>Data was analysed using R version 3.6.2, on a Linux x86_64 server with Debian GNU/Linux 10. The data was mean centered, and PCA calculated with prcomp() in the stats package. The entire analysis including CSV data files is available as R vignette and HTML. You may need to download the HTML file in case the Zenodo link only shows the source code.</p>
Data from: Apolipoprotein M-bound sphingosine-1-phosphate regulates blood-brain barrier paracellular permeability and transcytosis
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the endothelial cells lining cerebral microvessels. Here, we report that the BBB permeability is modified by apolipoprotein M (apoM)-bound sphingosine 1–phosphate (S1P). We used two-photon microscopy to monitor changes in BBB permeability in apoM-deficient mice (apoM-/-), showing significant increases in paracellular BBB permeability to small molecules without structural changes in junctional complexes between endothelial cells. Lack of apoM-bound S1P increased vesicle-mediated transfer of albumin across endothelium of brain pial and penetrating arterioles, whereas transcytosis in capillaries and venules remained unchanged. S1PR1 agonist SEW2871 rapidly normalized BBB permeability along both the paracellular and transcellular routes in apoM-/- mice. Thus, apoM-bound S1P maintains low paracellular BBB permeability for small molecules in all cerebral microvessels and low levels of adsorptive transcytosis in penetrating arterioles. Modulation of apoM/S1P-dependent signaling may be a novel strategy for the protection of brain endothelial cells to preserve the BBB function.
Data from: Dissecting nutrient-related co-expression networks in phosphate starved poplars
Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient, but its availability is often limited in soil. Here, we studied changes in the transcriptome and in nutrient element concentrations in leaves and roots of poplars (Populus × canescens) in response to P deficiency. P starvation resulted in decreased concentrations of S and major cations (K, Mg, Ca), in increased concentrations of N, Zn and Al, while C, Fe and Mn were only little affected. In roots and leaves >4,000 and >9,000 genes were differently expressed upon P starvation. These genes clustered in eleven co-expression modules of which seven were correlated with distinct elements in the plant tissues. One module (4.7% of all differentially expressed genes) was strongly correlated with changes in the P concentration in the plant. In this module the GO term "response to P starvation" was enriched with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinases, phosphatases and pyrophosphatases as well as regulatory domains such as SPX, but no phosphate transporters. The P-related module was also enriched in genes of the functional category "galactolipid synthesis". Galactolipids substitute phospholipids in membranes under P limitation. Two modules, one correlated with C and N and the other with biomass, S and Mg, were connected with the P-related module by co-expression. In these modules GO terms indicating "DNA modification" and "cell division" as well as "defense" and "RNA modification" and "signaling" were enriched; they contained phosphate transporters. Bark storage proteins were among the most strongly upregulated genes in the growth-related module suggesting that N, which could not be used for growth, accumulated in typical storage compounds. In conclusion, weighted gene coexpression network analysis revealed a hierarchical structure of gene clusters, which separated phosphate starvation responses correlated with P tissue concentrations from other gene modules, which most likely represented transcriptional adjustments related to down-stream nutritional changes and stress.
Data from: Onychophoran-like musculature in a phosphatized Cambrian lobopodian
The restricted, exclusively terrestrial distribution of modern Onychophora contrasts strikingly with the rich diversity of onychophoran-like fossils preserved in marine Cambrian Lagerstätten. The transition from these early forebears to the modern onychophoran body plan is poorly constrained, in part due to the absence of fossils preserving details of the soft anatomy. Here we report muscle tissue in a new early Cambrian (Stage 3) lobopodian, Tritonychus phanerosarkus gen. et sp. nov., preserved in the Orsten fashion by three-dimensional replication in phosphate. This first report of Palaeozoic onychophoran musculature establishes peripheral musculature as a characteristic of the ancestral panarthropod, but documents an unexpected muscular configuration. Phylogenetic analysis reconstructs T. phanerosarkus as one of a few members of the main onychophoran lineage – which was as rare and as cryptic in the Cambrian period as it is today.
Data from: Insight into the aqueous Laponite nanodispersions for self-assembled poly(itaconic acid) nanocomposite hydrogels: The effect of multivalent phosphate dispersants
<p>The upload contains data associated with the publication, including raw data in the original file format whenever possible. Dataset content: SAXS, NMR reology, zeta potential.</p> <p>This work was financially supported by the Lead Agency bilateral a Czech-Polish project provided by the Czech Science Foundation (21-07004K) and National Science Center Poland (CEUS-UNISONO project grant no. 2020/02/Y/ST5/00021).</p>
Sulfate affinity controls phosphate sorption and the proto-transformation of schwertmannite
<p><span>Schwertmannite is a metastable sulfate-rich ferric iron Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxide and a common mineral in acid mine drainage sites and acid sulfate soils. Schwertmannite is </span><span>also used as a sorbent in various industrial applications, including phosphate removal for water treatment and environmental remediation. Phosphate sorption to schwertmannite, however, is complex and likely involves ligand exchange for inner- and outer-spherically coordinated sulfate groups, both on the surface and in the tunnel structure of the mineral. Here, we investigated phosphate sorption, concomitant sulfate release and their impact on the structure of schwertmannite as a function of pH and phosphate concentration. Kinetic and equilibrium batch experiments with synthetic schwertmannite were carried out at pH 3, 6, and 8, and the solid-phase was analyzed using </span><span>scanning electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, infra-red spectroscopy and </span><span>X-ray diffraction spectroscopy</span><span>. We found a </span><span>strong correlation between phosphate sorption and sulfate release, with both following a two-step sorption model.</span><span> </span><span>K</span><span>inetics of phosphate sorption and sulfate release <span>were faster at more alkaline </span>pH</span><span>. M</span><span>aximum phosphate sorption was found at pH 6</span><span> (1.7 mmol PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>) , which decreased to 1.5 and 1.2 mmol PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> at pH 3 and 8, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed a shift from inner- to outer-spherical coordination of sulfate with increasing pH. <sup>57</sup>Mössbauer analyses of schwertmannite indicated a proto-transformation of schwertmannite at neutral to alkaline pH, characterized by a rise in a partially ordered sextet area. This change was interpreted as an increase in crystallinity resulting from the transition from Fe-SO<sub>4</sub> to Fe-O domains. This</span><span> </span><span>pH-induced </span><span>proto-transformation was inhibited in the presence of phosphate.</span><span> </span><span>We concluded that the phosphate sorption rate and maximum as well as the proto-transformation of schwertmannite were strongly affected by the mineral’s affinity for sulfate. Sorption to schwertmannite should primarily be regarded as a competitive exchange reaction between the <span>sorbing</span> oxyanion and the bound sulfate. This resulted in the highest phosphate sorption at circumneutral pH, a stark contrast to non-sulfate-containing </span><span>Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides</span><span>, where phosphate sorption is highest at acidic pH. </span><span>Our results are important for a fundamental understanding of the sorption properties of schwertmannite in phosphate-rich environments as they point towards the central role of sulfate coordination for phosphate immobilization.</span><span> </span></p>
Enhanced Sequestration of Organic Matter and Phosphate by Fe-oxides Generated from Abiotic Fe(II) Oxidation in the Presence of Heavy Metals
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FIGURE 2 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 2: Early Triassic paleogeographic reconstruction of the western US. The Lost Cabin Springs Locality is denoted with a green star and the various shades depict the depositional environment during the Early Triassic (modified from Hoffmann et al., 2013).
FIGURE 5 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 5: Dissociated disc plates of the ophiuroid Ophiosuperstes praeparvus gen. et sp. nov., from the Virgin Limestone Member of the Moenkopi Formation, Spathian, lower Triassic, Lost Cabin Springs locality, southern Nevada. A: paratype (OPH188), oral plate in abradial view. B: paratype (OPH189), radial shield in external view, with outline of missing proximal tip reconstructed using a dashed grey line. C: paratype (OPH190) adradial genital plate in dorsal view. Abbreviations: AMF: abradial muscle fossa; do: dorsal; LG: longitudinal groove; pr: proximal. All scale bars equal 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 4: Dissociated arm plates of the ophiuroid Ophiosuperstes praeparvus gen. et sp. nov., from the Virgin Limestone Member of the Moenkopi Formation, Spathian, lower Triassic, Lost Cabin Springs locality, southern Nevada. A–B: holotype (OPH177), proximal lateral arm plate in external view (A) and with detail of spine articulations (B). C–D: paratype (OPH178), median lateral arm plate in external view (C) and with detail of spine articulations (D). E: paratype (OPH179), median lateral arm plate in internal view. F: paratype (OPH181), distal lateral arm plate in external view. G: paratype (OPH180), median lateral arm plate in internal view. H: paratype (OPH182), proximal ventral arm plate in external view. I: paratype (OPH183), median to distal ventral arm plate in external view. J: paratype (OPH184), proximal vertebra in distal view. K: paratype (OPH185), proximal vertebra in ventral view. L: paratype (OPH186), median vertebra in lateral view. M: paratype (OPH187), median vertebra in dorso-distal view. Abbreviations: AS: articular structure; di: distal; DL: dorsal lobe; do: dorsal; MO: muscle opening; NO: nerve opening; pr: proximal; PB: podial basin; SA: spine articulations; TO: tentacle opening; VAR: vertebral articular ridge; VF: ventral furrow; VL: ventral lobe; ZC: zygocondyle; ZS: zygosphene. All scale bars equal 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 6 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 6: Arm fragment of Praeaplocoma hessi Broglio Loriga & Berti Cavicchi, 1972, (MHI 1307/nnn) from the Werfen Formation, Lower Triassic, of Weisshorn, Italy. A: arm fragments in ventral view. B: detail of part marked by white rectangle in A. Abbreviations: AS: arm spine; di: distal; LAP: lateral arm plate; MO: muscle opening; NO: nerve opening; SA: spine articulation; TO: tentacle opening; TS: tentacle scale; VAP: ventral arm plate. All scale bars equal 0.2 mm. Arrow in A indicates direction of view shown in B; refer to tentacle scales (TS) for better correspondence between A and B.
FIGURE 1 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 1: Locality map of the Virgin Limestone Member at the Lost Cabin Springs Locality, Southern Nevada, Western United States (36°4′57.18′N, 115°39′12.05′W is near the base of the section). (modified from Maxwell, 2020).
FIGURE 3 in A new phosphatized ophiuroid from the lower Triassic of Nevada and its position in the evolutionary history of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata)
FIGURE 3: Morphology-based phylogenetic tree inferred using MrBayes, showing the position of Ophiosuperstes praeparvus gen. et sp. nov. (marked in bold). Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities.
Data for "Effect of Electric Fields on the Decomposition of Phosphate Esters"
<p>Data from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of tri(n-butyl)phosphate confinid between two iron oxide surfaces at 1100 K, with and without an electric field, from "Effect of Electric Fields on the Decomposition of Phosphate Esters". Other conditions, and simulations with nascent iron surfaces, are available on request.</p> <div> <p>The data contains the reaxff bonding information from reaxff (bonds_*.txt), the trajectories (dump_*.lammpstrj). Files with the name "comp" are used for production run calculations.</p> </div>
Hydrothermal Fluid Activity on Mars Recorded in Phosphates of the Gabbroic Shergottite Northwest Africa 13581
<p>This is the research data related to the manuscript titled: <strong>Hydrothermal Fluid Activity on Mars Recorded in Phosphates of the Gabbroic Shergottite Northwest Africa 13581</strong>,<strong> </strong>including the the petrological and elemental mapping images, geochemical and crystallographic data.</p>
Molecular dynamic trajectory for the article "The Binding Mechanism between Inositol Phosphate (InsP) and the Jasmonate Receptor Complex: A Computational Study"
<p>Molecular dynamic trajectory preparation file of Jasmonate receptor complex. We set up six systems. </p> <p>Each system contains PSF file and PDB file.</p>
NIR Spectroscopy and Cobalt Electrochemistry Data set for Estimating Phosphate Concentration in Hydroponic Solution
<p>These data are raw-data used in the development of phosphate sensors for quantitative detection of phosphate ion concentrations in hydroponics nutrient solution. A total of 80 samples were used, of which 56 were used for model development and 24 were used for validation. See below for more details.</p> <p><br> 1. EMF response data from three cobalt electrodes<br> 2. The intensity value of the sample obtained from the NIR spectrometer (904 nm to 1600 nm)</p>
The development of Arabidopsis thaliana under phosphate limiting conditions: The role of Strigolactones
<p>Phosphate (P) is one of the most limiting nutrients for plant development and is involved in photosynthesis, energy transmission and cell division amongst others. P occurs in organic and inorganic form but plants are only able to take up inorganic phosphate. Plants have evolved various mechanisms to deal with nutrient deficiencies. Recently research has been done on Strigolactones (SLs), carotenoid derived plant hormones. SL biosynthesis is upregulated under P deficiency and regulates branching, stem thickness, root architecture and leaf senescence. In this study, we looked at the role of SLs on development of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana </em>under P deprivation. A SL biosynthesis mutant (P450) and two SL perception mutants (D14, U-box) were examined when treated with and without phosphate. The effects of P deprivation on bolting time, biomass and photosynthetic capacity were examined. Photosynthetic capacity was measured by Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM). Significant differences between the treatment groups and genotypes were found in dry weight and Quantum Yield of Photosystem II (Y(II)), but no conclusion could be drawn from the overall results.</p>
Evolution and amplification of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene family in Theaceae
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Molecular dynamics simulation: The process of phosphate transfer from fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to phosphoglycerate mutase 1
<p><span>Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the dynamic process of the binding and phosphorylation of PGAM1 by FBP. </span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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