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FIGURE 2 in Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 2. Simplified stratigraphic column of the middle Eocene Claiborne Group in northern Mississippi and western Tennessee (after Dockery, 1996). Specimens examined in this paper were collected from the Cockfield Formation at the Puryear locality (P), Tennessee. Specimens from other localities used for comparison were collected from the Tallahatta Formation at the Bovay and Bolden localities (BB), Mississippi and the Cockfield Formation at the Warman clay pit (W; stratigraphically lower than the Puryear locality), Tennessee.
FIGURE 11 in Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 11. cf. Caesalpinia sp.: 1) UF15820-005862, fruit showing at least seven seed chambers, one seed impression in valve (indicated by arrow), and angular apex on the right. Scale bar equals 4 mm; 2) UF15820-008961, fruit showing seven seed chambers, oblique striations (os), and obtuse apex on the right. Scale bar equals 4 mm.
FIGURE 16. Claiborne Fabaceae Fruit Type 1 in Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 16. Claiborne Fabaceae Fruit Type 1: 1) UF15820-061134, showing nutlet in the middle, large wing at the top and small wing at the bottom. Arrows a and b indicate areas to be enlarged to show spines on the nutlet. The other two arrows on the right indicate that the two wings are on different levels with clay infilling between them. Scale bar equals 3 mm; 2) Enlargement of a in Figure 16.1 to show spines. Scale bar equals 1 mm; 3) Enlargement of b in Figure 16.1 to show spines going underneath the small wing. Scale bar equals 1 mm; 4) UF15820-059396, showing a pedicel (p) – or gynophore and spines (s). Scale bar equals 3 mm.
FIGURE 28. Claiborne Altingiaceae Infructescence Type 1 in Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 28. Claiborne Altingiaceae Infructescence Type 1: 1) UF15820-43600, infructescence with cluster of fruits. Scale bar equals 3 mm; 2) UF15820-059407, infructescence with cluster of fruits and peduncle. Scale bar equals 2 mm.
FIGURE 13 in Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 13. "Fruits similar to the Sophoreae" 1) UF15820-005847, fruit showing obtuse apex on the right and rounded base with stipe (s) on the left, and funiculus (f); 2) UF15820-000025a, fruit showing outlines of ovules (indicated by arrows), and rounded base with stipe on the right. All scale bars equal 2 mm.
FIGURE 19 in Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 19. Eoceltis dilcheri Zavada and Crepet, 1981: 1) 15816-001356, specimen showing two flowers each with three tepals. Note filaments (f) and dense, simple trichomes (t). Scale bar equals 1 mm; 2) UF15816- 000455, showing a flower with four tepals covered with dense, simple trichomes (t). Scale bar equals 1 mm.
FIGURE 17. Claiborne Fabaceae Fruit Type 1 in Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 17. Claiborne Fabaceae Fruit Type 1: CONN- R03-01, compressed fruit showing a long pedicel and spines (indicated by arrow). Scale bar equals 3 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 5. Ceratophyllum muricatum Chamisso subspecies incertum (Berry) Herendeen, Les and Dilcher, 1990: 1) CONN-Q12-03, specimen showing fruit body and lateral spines; 2) CONN-Q12-04, an incomplete fruit showing lateral spines. All scale bars equal 2 mm.
FIGURE 29 in Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 29. Liquidambar? sp.: CONN-Q12-01, laterally compressed infructescence with persistent styles. Scale bar equals 4 mm.
FIGURE 10 in Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 10. Caesalpinia claibornensis Herendeen and Dilcher, 1991: 1) UF15820-005854, incomplete fruit showing both valve and wing venation; 2) UF15820-005855, incomplete fruit showing both valve and wing venation. All scale bars equal 5 mm.
FIGURE 4. Claiborne Arecaceae Fruit Type 1 in Fruits, seeds and flowers from the Puryear clay pit (middle Eocene Cockfield Formation), western Tennessee, USA
FIGURE 4. Claiborne Arecaceae Fruit Type 1: UF15820-059477, laterally compressed fruit with fibers. Note that curved fibers (indicated by arrows) extend from the base to beyond the apex of the fruit. Scale bar equals 2 mm.
Text-fig. 2. Soft-tissue imprints and traces of bioerosion on Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Estonia. a: GIT 819-1, Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; b: GIT 819-1, T. falcatum, pseudosutures; c: GIT 819-2, Estonioceras sp., drag bands; d: GIT 819-3, cf. Anthoceras vaginatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; e: GIT 819-4, cf. Orthoceras regulare SCHLOTHEIM, 1820, drag bands; f: Pits on the body chamber of GIT 819-1, T. falcatum. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 1 mm. in Conch Structures, Soft-Tissue Imprints And Taphonomy Of The Middle Ordovician Cephalopod Tragoceras Falcatum From Estonia
Text-fig. 2. Soft-tissue imprints and traces of bioerosion on Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Estonia. a: GIT 819-1, Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; b: GIT 819-1, T. falcatum, pseudosutures; c: GIT 819-2, Estonioceras sp., drag bands; d: GIT 819-3, cf. Anthoceras vaginatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820), drag bands; e: GIT 819-4, cf. Orthoceras regulare SCHLOTHEIM, 1820, drag bands; f: Pits on the body chamber of GIT 819-1, T. falcatum. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 1 mm.
Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images (a, c, d) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images (b, e) of fruits and seeds of Serialis antiqua (a, b) and Serialis parva (c–e); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Serialis antiqua lateral view of fruit showing smooth partly abraded fruit wall (a) and longitudinal section (b, SRXTM orthoslice yz0862) showing six closely adhering seeds, some of which are mature with well-preserved nutritive tissue; c–e) Serialis parva lateral view of fruit showing faint ribs (c), finely pitted seed surface with undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (d), and transverse section showing two closely adhering seeds (SRXTM orthoslice xy0913, e). Specimens, TV43-S174480 (a, b), TV43-S170076 (c), TV43-S170079 (d), TV43-S174477 (e). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c, e), 50 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images (a, c, d) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images (b, e) of fruits and seeds of Serialis antiqua (a, b) and Serialis parva (c–e); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Serialis antiqua lateral view of fruit showing smooth partly abraded fruit wall (a) and longitudinal section (b, SRXTM orthoslice yz0862) showing six closely adhering seeds, some of which are mature with well-preserved nutritive tissue; c–e) Serialis parva lateral view of fruit showing faint ribs (c), finely pitted seed surface with undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (d), and transverse section showing two closely adhering seeds (SRXTM orthoslice xy0913, e). Specimens, TV43-S174480 (a, b), TV43-S170076 (c), TV43-S170079 (d), TV43-S174477 (e). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c, e), 50 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 5. Photo of a small segment of an instructive profile in the Under the Ladder test pit and the Fox Passage test pit. Visible in the figure are mainly the bones of bears from the cave bear group. Photo by M. Polách. in The Mammalian Fauna Of Barová Cave (Moravian Karst, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 5. Photo of a small segment of an instructive profile in the Under the Ladder test pit and the Fox Passage test pit. Visible in the figure are mainly the bones of bears from the cave bear group. Photo by M. Polách.
Text-fig. 7. Photo of a skull with lower jaw of a cave lion subadult female (registration number is Ok-139786), discovered in layer C of sector 4 of the Under the Ladder test pit. Photo by V. Káňa. in The Mammalian Fauna Of Barová Cave (Moravian Karst, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 7. Photo of a skull with lower jaw of a cave lion subadult female (registration number is Ok-139786), discovered in layer C of sector 4 of the Under the Ladder test pit. Photo by V. Káňa.
Text-fig. 4. Layout of the Under the Ladder test pit. Sectors of the Under the Ladder test pit are marked by rectangles with numbers and letters: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, R4, R5. in The Mammalian Fauna Of Barová Cave (Moravian Karst, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 4. Layout of the Under the Ladder test pit. Sectors of the Under the Ladder test pit are marked by rectangles with numbers and letters: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, R4, R5.
Text-fig. 2. Profile of the Fox Passage test pit, shape of December 2012. The letters A, B, C mark three fossiliferous layers, the letter D marks a highest part of the palaeontologically sterile bedrock. in The Mammalian Fauna Of Barová Cave (Moravian Karst, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 2. Profile of the Fox Passage test pit, shape of December 2012. The letters A, B, C mark three fossiliferous layers, the letter D marks a highest part of the palaeontologically sterile bedrock.
Text-fig. 49. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c–e) images of "Foveolate seed sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view of seed showing foveolate surface; note the slightly pointed hilar-micropylar region with the preservation of a presumed secretion (arrow) from the micropyle; b) Detail of seed surface showing shallow pitting and very faint outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells; c) Longitudinal section (volume rendering cut between orthoslices yz0450 and yz0460) through the middle of the seed showing the slightly pointed hilarmicropylar region and the rounded chalazal region; note the thick exotesta of the outer integument composed of thick-walled palisade-like cells (oi); note partial preservation of large cells of the nutritive tissue (nu) and the smaller cells of the embryo (em) at the micropylar end of the seed; d, e) Longitudinal sections (d, orthoslice xz0750, e, orthoslice yz0485) through middle of the seed perpendicular to each other showing the hilar-micropylar region with the preservation of a presumed secretion from micropyle (e, arrow), thick palisade-like cells of outer integument (oi), larger cells of the nutritive tissue (nu) and remains of the smaller cells of the embryo (em). Specimen, Catefica 49-S172316 (a–e). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c–e), 50 Μm (b). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 49. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c–e) images of "Foveolate seed sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view of seed showing foveolate surface; note the slightly pointed hilar-micropylar region with the preservation of a presumed secretion (arrow) from the micropyle; b) Detail of seed surface showing shallow pitting and very faint outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells; c) Longitudinal section (volume rendering cut between orthoslices yz0450 and yz0460) through the middle of the seed showing the slightly pointed hilarmicropylar region and the rounded chalazal region; note the thick exotesta of the outer integument composed of thick-walled palisade-like cells (oi); note partial preservation of large cells of the nutritive tissue (nu) and the smaller cells of the embryo (em) at the micropylar end of the seed; d, e) Longitudinal sections (d, orthoslice xz0750, e, orthoslice yz0485) through middle of the seed perpendicular to each other showing the hilar-micropylar region with the preservation of a presumed secretion from micropyle (e, arrow), thick palisade-like cells of outer integument (oi), larger cells of the nutritive tissue (nu) and remains of the smaller cells of the embryo (em). Specimen, Catefica 49-S172316 (a–e). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c–e), 50 Μm (b).
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope images of the seed of Canrightia sp.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Seed in ventral view showing the slightly protruding chalaza (ch) at the apex, pointed micropyle (mi) at the base and pitted surface of the endotesta; b) Detail of endotesta surface showing larger pits in longitudinal rows and the finer pits created by crystals in the cells of the endotesta. Specimen, Catefica MM158-P0289 (a, b). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a), 100 Μm (b). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope images of the seed of Canrightia sp.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Seed in ventral view showing the slightly protruding chalaza (ch) at the apex, pointed micropyle (mi) at the base and pitted surface of the endotesta; b) Detail of endotesta surface showing larger pits in longitudinal rows and the finer pits created by crystals in the cells of the endotesta. Specimen, Catefica MM158-P0289 (a, b). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a), 100 Μm (b).
Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1485) through fruit in the region of the hypanthium rim showing sections through the two seeds close to the chalazal region; note endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by larger cells of exotesta (oi-o) and fruit wall (fr). Specimen, Catefica 49-S174249 (holotype, a–f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c, e, f), 100 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1485) through fruit in the region of the hypanthium rim showing sections through the two seeds close to the chalazal region; note endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by larger cells of exotesta (oi-o) and fruit wall (fr). Specimen, Catefica 49-S174249 (holotype, a–f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c, e, f), 100 Μm (d).
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