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FIGURE 7 in A new species within the Eurytemora affinis complex (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Atlantic Coast of USA, with observations on eight morphologically different European populations
FIGURE 7. Eurytemora carolleeae sp. nov., male, ZIN 55051 (paratype): A, swimming leg 1, anterior view; B, swimming leg 2, anterior view; C, swimming leg 3, anterior view; D, swimming leg 4, anterior view. Scale bar: 100 µm.
FIGURE 2 in A new species within the Eurytemora affinis complex (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Atlantic Coast of USA, with observations on eight morphologically different European populations
FIGURE 2. Eurytemora carolleeae sp. nov., female, ZIN 55050 (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, urosome, ventral view; C, genital double-somite with P5, ventral view. Scale bar: A, B, 300 µm; C, 150 µm.
FIGURE 3 in A new species within the Eurytemora affinis complex (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Atlantic Coast of USA, with observations on eight morphologically different European populations
FIGURE 3. Eurytemora carolleeae sp. nov. A, male antennula; B, female left antennula; C, male gnathobasis of mandible; D, female mandible with palp. Arrows indicate separate processor on gnathobasis. Scale bar: A, B, 125µm; C, D, 62.5 µm.
FIGURE 9 in A new species within the Eurytemora affinis complex (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Atlantic Coast of USA, with observations on eight morphologically different European populations
FIGURE 9. Eurytemora carolleeae sp. nov. (A–D) and E. affinis (Poppe, 1880) (E–F): A, female mandible, arrow indicating a gap; B, male mandible, arrow indicating a gap; C, female genital somite with wing-like outgrowth; D, male leg 5 with arrow indicating left basipod; F, female genital somite without wing-like outgrowth; F, male P5, arrow indicating left basipod. (Photo: Mrs Natalia Sukhikh)
FIGURE 1 in A new species within the Eurytemora affinis complex (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Atlantic Coast of USA, with observations on eight morphologically different European populations
FIGURE 1. Sampling map of Eurytemora carolleeae sp. nov. in North America (A) and Eurytemora affinis (Poppe, 1880) in Europe (B).
FIGURE 5 in A new species within the Eurytemora affinis complex (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Atlantic Coast of USA, with observations on eight morphologically different European populations
FIGURE 5. Eurytemora carolleeae sp. nov., female, ZIN 55050 (holotype): A, left swimming leg 1, anterior view; B, swimming legs 2, anterior view; C, swimming legs 3, anterior view; D, swimming leg 4, anterior view. Scale bar: 100 µm. Arrow indicating seta segmentation.
FIGURE 8 in A new species within the Eurytemora affinis complex (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Atlantic Coast of USA, with observations on eight morphologically different European populations
FIGURE 8. Eurytemora carolleeae sp. nov. (A) and E. affinis (Poppe, 1880) (B) from the Luga Bay, The Finish Gulf, Baltic Sea. (Photo: Mrs Natalia Sukhikh)
FIGURE 4 in A new species within the Eurytemora affinis complex (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Atlantic Coast of USA, with observations on eight morphologically different European populations
FIGURE 4. Eurytemora carolleeae sp. nov., female, ZIN 55050 (holotype): A, antenna; B, maxillula, ventral view; C, maxilla; D, maxilliped. Scale bar: 50 µm. Arrow indicating seta segmentation.
Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.
Impacts of using different standard populations in calculating age-standardized death rates when age-specific death rates in the populations being compared do not have a consistent relationship: A cross-sectional population-based observational study on US state HIV death rates
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To examine if the rankings of state HIV age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) changed if different standard population (SP) was used.</p> <p><strong>Design</strong>:<strong> </strong>A cross-sectional population-based observational study. Setting 36 states in the United States.</p> <p><strong>Participants</strong>: People died from 2015 to 2019.</p> <p><strong>Main outcome measures</strong>: State HIV ASDR using 4 SPs, namely WHO2000, US2000, US2mor020, and Eur2011–2030.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The rankings of 19 states did not change when ASDRs were calculated using US2000 and US2020. Of the 17 states whose rankings changed, the rankings of 9 states calculated using US2000 were higher than those calculated using US2020; in 8 states, the rankings were lower. The states with the greatest changes in rankings between US2000 and US2020 were Kentucky (12th and 9th, respectively) and Massachusetts (8th and 11th, respectively).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: State ASDRs calculated using the current official SP (US2000) weigh middle-age HIV death rates more heavily than older-age HIV death rates, resulting in lower ASDRs among states with higher older-age HIV death rates.</p>
Differences between four skinfold calipers in the assessment of adipose tissue in a healthy young adult population
<p>Database of the paper: Differences between four skinfold calipers in the assessment of adipose tissue in a healthy young adult population</p>
Population differences in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) DNA methylation: genetic drift and environmental factors
<p>Local adaptation and phenotypic differences among populations have been reported in many species, though most studies focus on either neutral or adaptive genetic differentiation. With the discovery of DNA methylation, questions have arisen about its contribution to individual variation in and among natural populations. Previous studies have identified differences in methylation among populations of organisms, although most to date have been in plants and model animal species. Here we obtained eyed eggs from eight populations of Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) and assayed DNA methylation at 23 genes involved in development, immune function, stress response, and metabolism using a gene-targeted PCR-based assay for next-generation sequencing. Evidence for population differences in methylation was found at eight out of 23 gene loci after controlling for developmental timing in each individual. However, we found no correlation between freshwater environmental parameters and methylation variation among populations at those eight genes. A weak correlation was identified between pairwise DNA methylation dissimilarity among populations and pairwise F<sub>ST</sub> based on 15 microsatellite loci, indicating weak effects of genetic drift or geographic distance on methylation. The weak correlation was primarily driven by two genes, GTIIBS and Nkef. However, single-gene Mantel tests comparing methylation and pairwise F<sub>ST</sub> were not significant after Bonferroni correction. Thus, population differences in DNA methylation are more likely related to unmeasured oceanic environmental conditions, local adaptation, and/or genetic drift. DNA methylation is an additional mechanism that contributes to among population variation, with potential influences on organism phenotype, adaptive potential, and population resilience.</p>
Distribution. SE Europe from Albania and Greece (including Crete) N to S Ukraine and S Russia, the Caucasus, Turkey, and N Iran, and through C Asia to W Mongolia, N, E & C China (including Hainan), and the Himalayas; isolated populations in S Croatia and Korea. Specimens collected from SW Syria may representjuvenile Geoffroy's Myotis (M. emarginatus) or a different form, and are not mapped here. in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. SE Europe from Albania and Greece (including Crete) N to S Ukraine and S Russia, the Caucasus, Turkey, and N Iran, and through C Asia to W Mongolia, N, E & C China (including Hainan), and the Himalayas; isolated populations in S Croatia and Korea. Specimens collected from SW Syria may representjuvenile Geoffroy's Myotis (M. emarginatus) or a different form, and are not mapped here.
Genetic Control of Reproductive Traits under Different Temperature Regimes in Inbred Line Populations Derived from Crosses between S. pimpinellifolium and S. lycopersicum Accessions
<p>Marker genotypes, linkage map and phenotypic data used for QTL analysis included in the manuscript by Gonzalo et al. <em>in press "</em>Genetic Control of Reproductive Traits under Different Temperature Regimes in Inbred Line Populations Derived from Crosses between <em>S. pimpinellifolium</em> and <em>S. lycopersicum</em> Accessions".</p>
Data from: Using a reference population yardstick to calibrate and compare genetic diversity reported in different studies: an example from the brown bear.
In species with large geographic ranges, genetic diversity of different populations may be well studied, but differences in loci and sample sizes can make the results of different studies difficult to compare. Yet, such comparisons are important for assessing the status of populations of conservation concern. We propose a simple approach of using a single well-studied reference population as a "yardstick" to calibrate results of different studies to the same scale, enabling comparisons. We use a well-studied large carnivore, the brown bear (Ursus arctos), as a case study to demonstrate the approach. As a reference population, we genotyped 513 brown bears from Slovenia using 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We used this dataset to calibrate and compare heterozygosity and allelic richness for 30 brown bear populations from 10 different studies across the global distribution of the species. The simplicity of the reference population approach makes it useful for other species, enabling comparisons of genetic diversity estimates between previously incompatible studies and improving our understanding of how genetic diversity is distributed along a species range.
FIGURE 18 in A new species of the hysius species-group of Calisto Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and insights into the status of different populations currently attributed to C. grannus Bates
FIGURE 18. Bayesian COI barcodes gen tree reconstructed by MrBayes showing the relationships among taxa belonging to the hysius species group of Calisto. Numbers above branches represent the posterior probalities / boostrap values of Bayesian Inference / Maximum Likelihood. Bold numbers at species clades represent the support values for each species calculated by the Bayesian Poisson Tree Process (bPTP) species delimitation method. Gray box indicating the position of the species described herein, C. bahoruco. Gray bars at the right side of tree showing the species hypothesis obtained by the different species delimitation methods applied: Generalize Mixed Yule Coalescent single and multiple threshold (GMYCs, GMYCm), Poisson Tree Process, PTP, variants: Bayesian (bPTP), Maximum Likelihood (mPTP), and standard (PTP), Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), and Barcode Index Number (BIN).
FIGURE 17 in A new species of the hysius species-group of Calisto Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and insights into the status of different populations currently attributed to C. grannus Bates
FIGURE 17. Geographic distribution of the hysius species group of Calisto. Black rhombus—type locality of C. bahoruco, new species; question marks—potential distribution of C. bahoruco following information by Schwartz (1989) and Warren et al. (2015); white rhombus—type locality of C. hysius, after Johnson & Hedges (1998); white circles—distribution of C. hysius, after Schwartz (1989).
FIGURES 13–14 in A new species of the hysius species-group of Calisto Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and insights into the status of different populations currently attributed to C. grannus Bates
FIGURES 13–14. Male genitalia of the hysius species group of Calisto, lateral view 13—C. bahoruco, new species. 14—C. hysius. Scale bar 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 9–12 in A new species of the hysius species-group of Calisto Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and insights into the status of different populations currently attributed to C. grannus Bates
FIGURES 9–12. Living adults of the hysius species group of Calisto. 9–10 C. bahoruco new species, Villa Nizao, Paraíso, Barahona, República Dominicana. 11–12 C. hysius, Los Arroyos, Pedernales, Sierra de Bahoruco, República Dominicana. Pictures by Pérez–Asso.
FIGURES 15–16 in A new species of the hysius species-group of Calisto Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and insights into the status of different populations currently attributed to C. grannus Bates
FIGURES 15–16. Female genitalia of the hysius species group of Calisto, ventral view. 15—C. bahoruco, new species. 16— C. hysius. Scale bar 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.