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Figure 6 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 6. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. Left nasal in (A) dorsolateral and (B) ventromedial views. C, right postfrontal in dorsal view. D, articulation between left postfrontal and left postorbital in anterolateral view. Left postorbital in (E) lateral and (F) medial views. Left prefrontal in (G) dorsolateral and (H) posterolateral views. Left jugal in (I) lateral and (J) medial views.

Figure 2. A in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 2. A, sketch of the original fissure locality, no longer in existence (modified after Robinson, 1957). B, photograph of the quarry from 1954; the 'pendulum' has already been removed (P.L. Robinson, unpublished notebook, NHMUK). C, copy of the original field sketch of fossil locality B by P.L. Robinson, redrawn with minor modification for clarity by the authors (after P.L. Robinson, unpublished notebook, NHMUK).

Figure 5 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 5. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. Left maxilla in (A) lateral and (B) medial views. Parietals in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views. Frontals in (E) dorsal and (F) ventral views.

Figure 12 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 12. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, right ischium in lateral view. B, pelvic girdle bones as preserved in the specimen, out of position (right ischium in medial view). C, postcranial bones at or near the pectoral region, left lateral view.

Figure 4 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 4. Postcranial bones of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. (A) photograph and (B) surface model (refer to Fig. 3B for location on specimen).

Figure 16 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 16. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. Left scapulocoracoid in (A, B) lateral and (C) medial views. Left radius in (D) dorsolateral, (E) anterior and (F) posterior views.

Figure 15 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 15. Photograph and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, cervical and dorsal vertebrae in posterodorsal view. B, fourth cervical vertebra in lateral view. Third cervical vertebra in (C) anterior, (D) dorsal, (E) lateral and (F) posterior views. Second dorsal vertebra in (G) anterior, (H) dorsal, (I) lateral and (J) posterior views.

Figure 3 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 3. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, entire specimen. B, diagrammatic representation of the specimen with key showing location of views in (C–F) and in Figure 4. Skull bones in (C, D) dorsolateral view and (E, F) left lateral view (surface models are in artificial colour in all figures).

Figure 14 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 14. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, cervical vertebrae in lateral view. B, disarticulated atlas bones in lateral view. C, cervical vertebrae in lateral view. D, atlas and axis in lateral view. Atlas and axis in (E) anterior, (F) dorsal, (G) posterior and (H) ventral views.

Figure 9 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 9. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. Left dentary in (A, C) lateral and (D) medial views. B, partial left dentary in lateral view showing wear facets. E, left articular complex in dorsal view. F, left surangular in lateral view. G, left articular in dorsal view. H, right articular in lateral view.

Figure 8 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 8. Photograph and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. Braincase bones in (A, B) posterodorsal, (C) right lateral and (D) anteroventral views.

Figure 19 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones

Figure 19. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36846. A, distal head of broken femur in ventrolateral view. Left tibia in (B) anterior, (C) lateral and (D) posterior views. Left fibula in (E) anterior and (F) posterior views. G, astragalus, calcaneum and tarsal bones in dorsal view. H, digit i in dorsolateral view. I, digit i phalanx and ungual in dorsolateral view. Astragalus and calcaneum in (J) dorsal and (K) ventral views.

Figure 10 in Eucyon khoikhoi sp. nov. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Langebaanweg 'E' Quarry (early Pliocene, South Africa): the most complete African canini from the Mio-Pliocene

Figure 10. Biochronological range chart of Eucyon species and selected Caninae taxa based on our phylogenetic hypothesis. Data source in Crusafont (1950), Pons-Moyà & Crusafont (1978), Tedford & Qiu (1996), Montoya et al. (2009) and Tedford et al. (2009). Events: (1) African first canini (Eucyon intrepidus, based on Morales et al., 2005; (2) The most ancient North American Canis representing by Canis lepophagus according Tedford et al. (2009), after the inclusion of Canis ferox into Eucyon. Taxa in grey came from Africa and in black from Eurasia and North America. North American land mammal age (NALMA) based on Tedford et al. (2004), Albright et al. (2008) and Hilgen et al. (2012); European Mammal Neogene Units (MN) based on Hilgen et al. (2012) and Morales et al. (2013). Abbreviations: ELMA, European land mammal ages; NALMA, North American land mammal ages (units defined by immigrant taxa); E, early, M, middle; L, late.

Figure 3 in Eucyon khoikhoi sp. nov. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Langebaanweg 'E' Quarry (early Pliocene, South Africa): the most complete African canini from the Mio-Pliocene

Figure 3. Mandibles of Eucyon khoikhoi from Langebaanweg. A, B, SAM-PQL-31272 (holotype), right hemi-mandible (A), left one (B). A1, B1, buccal; A2, B2, lingual; A3, B3, occlusal views. C, D, SAM-PQL-40041, right hemi-mandible (C), left one (D). C1, D1, buccal; C2, D2, lingual; C3, D3, occlusal views. E, SAM-PQL-40308, left hemi-mandible: E1, buccal; E2, occlusal view.

Figure 6 in Eucyon khoikhoi sp. nov. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Langebaanweg 'E' Quarry (early Pliocene, South Africa): the most complete African canini from the Mio-Pliocene

Figure 6. Cervical and caudal vertebrae of Eucyon khoikhoi from Langebaanweg. A–E, SAM-PQL-31272. A1–3, atlas: A1, dorsal; A2, ventral; A3, distal views. B1, B2, atlas: B1, lateral; B2, dorsal views. C1–3, third cervical vertebra: C1, cranial; C2, dorsal; C3, lateral views. D1–3, fourth cervical vertebra: D1, cranial; D2, dorsal; D3, lateral views. E1, E2, fifth cervical vertebra: E1, dorsal; E2, lateral views. F, SAM-PQL-15323, atlas, ventral view. G, SAM-PQL-15174, axis: G1, lateral; G2, dorsal views. H, SAM-PQL-15160, third cervical vertebra: H1, rostral; H2, lateral views. I, SAM-PQL-40041, fourth caudal vertebra: I1, dorsal; I2, ventral views. Scale Bar equals 5 cm.

Figure 12 in Eucyon khoikhoi sp. nov. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Langebaanweg 'E' Quarry (early Pliocene, South Africa): the most complete African canini from the Mio-Pliocene

Figure 12. Bivariate plot comparing the lower dentition of Eucyon khoikhoi, with other Eucyon spp. from North America, Europe, and Africa. A, p4; B, m1; C, lengths of m1 and p4; D, m2; E, lengths of m1 and width m2. Abbreviations: L, length; W, width. Sources: Tedford & Qiu (1996) and Tedford et al. (2009) for E. davisi from North America and China and E. zhoui from China; Pons-Moyà & Crusafont (1978) for C. cipio; Montoya et al. (2009) for E. debonisi; Rook (1992, 1993) for E. monticinensis and E. odessanus; Morales et al. (2005) for E. intrepidus Haile-Selassie & Howell (2009) for E. intrepidus from Santogale Fm; García (2008) for E. wokari; Werdelin et al. (2014b) for E. kuta; Spassov and Rook (2006) for E. marinae; and this work for E. khoikhoi.

Figure 5 in Eucyon khoikhoi sp. nov. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Langebaanweg 'E' Quarry (early Pliocene, South Africa): the most complete African canini from the Mio-Pliocene

Figure 5. Deciduous dentition of Eucyon khoikhoi from Langebaanweg compared with the one of the living jackal Lupulella mesomelas. A, SAM-PQL-72209, right DP2: A1, buccal; A2, lingual; A3, occlusal views. B, SAM-PQL-72226A, left fragmentary dp3: B1, buccal; B2, lingual; B3, occlusal views. C, SAM-PQL-72226B, left dp4: C1, buccal; C2, lingual; C3, occlusal; C4, distal views. D, SAM-PQL-72210, left dp4: D1, buccal; D2, lingual; D3, occlusal; D4. distal views. E, SAM-PQL-72214, fragmentary left dp4: E1, buccal; E2, lingual; E3, occlusal; E4, distal views. F, SAM-ZM-35825, right hemi-mandible of a juvenile

Figure 11 in Eucyon khoikhoi sp. nov. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Langebaanweg 'E' Quarry (early Pliocene, South Africa): the most complete African canini from the Mio-Pliocene

Figure 11. Bivariate plot comparing the upper dentition of Eucyon khoikhoi, with other Eucyon spp. from North America, Europe, and Africa. A, P4; B, M1; C, M2; D, lengths of M1 and P4; E, lengths of M1 and M2; F, widths of M1 and M2. Abbreviations: L, length; W, width. Sources: Tedford & Qiu (1996) and Tedford et al. (2009) for E. davisi from North America and China and E. zhoui from China; Crusafont (1950) for C. cipio; Montoya et al. (2009) for E. debonisi; Rook (1992, 1993) for E. monticinensis and E. odessanus; Morales et al. (2005) for E. intrepidus from Lukeino Fm; Howell & García (2007) for E. intrepidus from Lemudong´o; García (2008) for E. wokari; and this work for E. khoikhoi.

Figure 9 in Eucyon khoikhoi sp. nov. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Langebaanweg 'E' Quarry (early Pliocene, South Africa): the most complete African canini from the Mio-Pliocene

Figure 9. Phylogenetic relationship of Eucyon khoikhoi, within selected caninae, based on the strict consensus tree. Length 97 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.5258, homoplasy index (HI) = 0.4742, and retention index (RI) = 0.5929. The numbers below nodes are Bremer indices, and the numbers above nodes are bootstrap support percentages (only shown if> 50). Vulpes vulpes is the outgroup.

Figure 4 in Eucyon khoikhoi sp. nov. (Carnivora: Canidae) from Langebaanweg 'E' Quarry (early Pliocene, South Africa): the most complete African canini from the Mio-Pliocene

Figure 4. Lower dentition of Eucyon khoikhoi from Langebaanweg. A, SAM-PQL-72228, right cx: A1, buccal; A2, lingual; A3, occlusal views. B, SAM-PQL-50112, left cx: B1, buccal; B2, lingual views. C, SAM-PQL-15381 A/1, left p2: C1, buccal; C2, lingual; C3, occlusal views.D, SAM-PQL-72220, right fragmentary hemi-mandible including p1, p3–4: D1, buccal; D2, lingual; D3, occlusal views. E, SAM-PQL-72216 left m1: E1, buccal; E2, lingual; E3 occlusal views. F, SAM-PQL-72166, left m1 trigonid: F1, buccal; F2, lingual; F3, occlusal views. G, SAM-PQL-50113A, right fragmented m1: G1, buccal; G2, lingual; G3, occlusal; G4, distal views. H, SAM-PQL-50497A, left fragmentary hemi-mandible with m2: H1, buccal; H2, lingual; H3, occlusal views. I, SAM-PQL-50113B, left m2: I1, buccal; I2, lingual; I3, occlusal; I4, distal views. J, SAM-PQL-72212, left m2: J1, lingual; J2, occlusal; J3, distal views. K, SAM-PQL-16120A, right m3: K1, buccal; K2, lingual; K3, occlusal views. L, SAM-PQL-72213, right m3: L1, buccal; L2. occlusal views. Abbreviations: h, hypoconid; m, metaconid; par, paraconid; and pr, protoconid. Scale bar 2 cm.