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Data from: Numbers and distribution of the Great Cormorant in Iceland: limitation at the regional and metapopulation level
We studied a metapopulation of great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in Iceland, using complete aerial censuses of nests in 25 years during 1975–2015. Age composition was estimated in 1998–2014 by ground surveys in September and February. Brood size was estimated from aerial photographs in 2007–2015. Weather, food, breeding habitat, and density were considered as explanatory variables when examining numerical and distributional changes in the cormorant metapopulation. In 1975–1990 total nest numbers changed little, very low numbers about 1992 were followed by an annual increase of 3.5% in 1994–2015. Total nest numbers were positively correlated with estimates of spawning stocks of cod and saithe and inversely related to the subpolar gyre index (SPG‐I). During the increase in 1994–2015, average colony size at first increased and then declined. Habitat use also changed: the proportion of nests on small rocky islets (skerries) at first declined, from 69% to 44% in 1995–2003 and then increased again to about 58% in 2012–2014. Habitat changes were probably a response to changed patterns of human disturbance. Breeding density, as nests per km2 sea <20 m deep, was rather uniform among five defined regions in 1975–1996. Thereafter, densities became much higher in two sheltered regions with kelp forests and in one mostly exposed region. A second exposed region remained low and in the third nest numbers declined markedly. Thus, carrying capacity was higher in sheltered regions where cormorant breeding had historically been depressed by human disturbance. Brood size varied little among regions but declined with the years from about 2.5 to 1.8. The proportion of juveniles in September (fecundity) declined in 1998–2015 from over 0.4 to 0.3 and was inversely correlated with year and nest numbers, if outlier years were excluded, suggesting resource limitation. Survival of juvenile cormorants in September–February was estimated at 0.471 ± 0.066 SE. Commercial fish stocks and climate indices were not correlated with the proportion of juveniles. Annual survival of adults (breeding and nonbreeding) was estimated from nest counts and age composition 1999–2014, as 0.850 ± 0.026 SE and showed no trend in 1998–2014. We conclude that the metapopulation of cormorants in Iceland was resource‐limited at two levels: fecundity at the regional and winter survival at the total level.
FIGURE 5 in Freshwater leech (Annelida: Hirudinida) distribution in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador and adjacent regions: check-list, new records, new pigmentation forms, and Pleistocene refugia
FIGURE 5. Pigmentation patterns in Newfoundland and Labrador Erpobdella punctata (Leidy) by PH. A–B, Site 7, C Sites 14–15, D, Sites 12, 13, 24; E, Site 10; F, Sites 1–2.
FIGURE 1 in Freshwater leech (Annelida: Hirudinida) distribution in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador and adjacent regions: check-list, new records, new pigmentation forms, and Pleistocene refugia
FIGURE 1. Surveyed sites in Newfoundland and Labrador. Circles, 2004 survey sites (numbered); Squares, literature locations of Pawlowski (1948) and in part, Davies (1973). The site numbers correspond to Table 1.
FIGURE 6 in Freshwater leech (Annelida: Hirudinida) distribution in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador and adjacent regions: check-list, new records, new pigmentation forms, and Pleistocene refugia
FIGURE 6. Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Grand river, Ontario. A–E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984–0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988. A, Anterior, ventral view; B, Anterior, dorsal view; C, Closeup of seminal vesicle; D, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli; E, Posterior dorsal view; F, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right); G, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals.
FIGURE 4 in Freshwater leech (Annelida: Hirudinida) distribution in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador and adjacent regions: check-list, new records, new pigmentation forms, and Pleistocene refugia
FIGURE 4. Distribution of the four widespread leech species. Circles, 2004 survey; squares, literature locations (Pawlowski 1948, Davies 1973); triangles, museum specimens. A, Glossiphonia elegans (Verrill); B, Helobdella modesta (Verrill); C, Erpobdella punctata (Leidy); D, Erpobdella obscura (Verrill).
FIGURE 2 in Freshwater leech (Annelida: Hirudinida) distribution in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador and adjacent regions: check-list, new records, new pigmentation forms, and Pleistocene refugia
FIGURE 2. Photographs of selected Newfoundland and Labrador leeches. D was collected by Cecelia McGrath in 1982. A, Dorsal view of Glossiphonia elegans (Verrill), site 17; B, Dorsal view of Helobdella modesta (Verrill), site 12; C, Dorsal view of Theromyzon sp., site 6; D, Lateral view of Haemopis lateromaculata Mathers, showing the plain ventrum separated from the speckled dorsum by a lighter pattern on the side, CMNA 1982–0654; E, Dorsal view of Haemopis marmorata (Say), site 12; F, Closeup of anal protrusion of Haemopis marmorata, Site 12; G, Erpobdella punctata (Leidy) (normal pigmentation), site 7; H, Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) [normal pigmentation], site 21. Scale bars are in cm unless otherwise indicated.
FIGURE 7 in Freshwater leech (Annelida: Hirudinida) distribution in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador and adjacent regions: check-list, new records, new pigmentation forms, and Pleistocene refugia
FIGURE 7. Pigmentation patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill). A–F are illustrations by PH from Labrador and Newfoundland: A, Site 28; B, Sites 22, 23; C, Site 21; D, Site 29; E, Site 18; F, Site 7. G–J are microscope photographs of typical examples of ringed and mottled patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Newfoundland and Labrador compared to specimens from the Grand River, Ontario. Scale bars are in mm. G, closeup of midportion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006–0023. H, anterior portion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006– 0020. I, anterior portion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006–0018. J, closeup of midportion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMCA2006–0018.
FIGURE 29. Distribution Map. A. Anfu, Jiangxi. B. Baiyunshan Natural Reserve, Henan. G in The species of Priopoda Holmgren (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from China with a key to species known in Oriental and Eastern Palaearctic Regions
FIGURE 29. Distribution Map. A. Anfu, Jiangxi. B. Baiyunshan Natural Reserve, Henan. G. Guanshan Natural Reserve, Yifeng, Jiangxi. H. Huoditang, Ankang, Shannxi. J. Ji'an, Jiangxi. Js. Jinsa, Chishui, Guizhou. M. Mentougou, Beijing. Q. Quannan, Jiangxi. W. Wuyishan, Yianshan, Jiangxi.
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the Arabian region, including three new species
FIGURE 4. Eurydice marisrubri sp. nov. Holotype (SMF 34845): a, b, paratypes (SMF 34846) Ƥ: c–m. a lateral b, dorsal view; c, antennule; d, antennal peduncle; e tip of antenna; f mandible; g, maxillule; h, maxilla; i, maxilliped palp; j, pereopod 1; k, pereopod 2; l, pereopod 3; m, pereopod 7. Horizontal scale = 1.0 mm, vertical scale = 0.1mm.
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the Arabian region, including three new species
FIGURE 6. Eurydice arabica (SMF 40852): a, pleotelson posterior margin; b, appendix masculina; Eurydice peraticis (SMF 39707): c, pleotelson posterior margin; Eurydice paxilli (redrawn from Schotte & Kensley 2005): d, pleotelson posterior margin; e, appendix masculina; Eurydice inermis (redrawn from Bruce & Jones, 1978): f, appendix masculina. Vertical scale = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the Arabian region, including three new species
FIGURE 5. Eurydice marzouqui sp. nov. 3 paratype (SMF 34841): a, pleopod l; b, pleopod 2 with appendix masculina; c, uropod. Eurydice tridentata sp. nov. paratype (SMF 34844): d, pleopod l; e, pleopod 2 with appendix masculina; f, uropod. Eurydice marisrubri (SMF 34846): g, pleopod 1; h, uropod; i, pleopod 2 with appendix masculina. Eurydice peraticis 4.0 mm 3 (SMF 39707): j, pleopod 2 with appendix masculina. Horizontal scale = 1.0 mm, vertical scale = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the Arabian region, including three new species
FIGURE 3. Eurydice tridentata sp. nov. Holotype (SMF 34843): a, b, paratypes (SMF 34844) Ƥ: c–k. a, lateral view; b, dorsal view; c, antennule, detail of terminal articles; d, antennal peduncle and detail of tip; e, mandible; f, maxillule; g, maxilliped palp; h, pereopod 1, i, pereopod 2; j, pereopod 3; k, pereopod 7. Horizontal scale = 1.0mm, vertical scale = 0.1mm.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the Arabian region, including three new species
FIGURE 2. Eurydice marzouqui sp. nov. Holotype (SMF 34840): a, b, paratype (SMF 34841) 3: c–1. a, lateral view; b, dorsal view; c, antennule; d, antennal peduncle; e, antenna; f, mandibles; g, maxillule; h, maxilla; i, maxilliped palp; j, pereopod 1; k, pereopod 3; l, pereopod 7. Horizontal scale = 1.0mm, vertical scale = 0.1mm.
FIGURE 11 in The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males
FIGURE 11. Macrostemum hyalinum (F.J. Pictet 1836), right fore- and hind wings, dorsal view. A–D, variants.
FIGURE 2. Macrostemum nigrum, new species. A in The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males
FIGURE 2. Macrostemum nigrum, new species. A, right fore- and hind wings, dorsal view; B–E, male genitalia: B, left lateral view; C, phallus, left lateral view; D, apex of phallus, ventral view; E, terga IX and X, dorsal view.
FIGURE 5 in The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males
FIGURE 5. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer 1970), male genitalia. A, left lateral view; B–D, variants of phallus, left lateral
FIGURE 10 in The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males
FIGURE 10. Macrostemum hyalinum (F.J. Pictet 1836), male genitalia. A and B, variants, left lateral view; C, phallus, left lateral view; D, apex of phallus, ventral view; E, terga IX and X, dorsal view.
FIGURE 14. Macrostemum spp., male genitalia. A–C in The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males
FIGURE 14. Macrostemum spp., male genitalia. A–C, Macrostemum subaequale (Banks 1920): A, left lateral view; B, apex of phallus, ventral view; C, apex of phallus, left lateral view. D–G, Macrostemum surinamense (Flint 1974), male genitalia: D, left lateral view; E, terga IX and X, dorsal view; F, phallus, left lateral view; G, apex of phallus, ventral view.
FIGURE 6 in The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males
FIGURE 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer 1970), right fore- and hind wings, dorsal view. A–H, variants.
FIGURE 4 in The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males
FIGURE 4. Macrostemum arcuatum (Erichson 1848). A, right fore- and hind wings, dorsal view; B–E, male genitalia: B, left lateral view; C, phallus, left lateral view; D, apex of phallus, ventral view; E, terga IX and X, dorsal view.
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