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334 results for “shale”
Preservational modes of some ichthyosaur soft tissues (Reptilia, Ichthyopterygia) from the Jurassic Posidonia Shale of Germany
<p><em><span>Konservat-Lagerstätten</span></em><span>, such as the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) Posidonia Shale of southwestern Germany, are renowned for their spectacular fossils. Ichthyosaur skeletons recovered from this formation are frequently associated with soft-tissues; however, the preserved material ranges from three-dimensional, predominantly phosphatized structures to dark films of mainly organic matter. We examined soft-tissue residues obtained from two ichthyosaur specimens using an integrated ultrastructural and geochemical approach. Our analyses revealed that the superficially-looking 'films' in fact comprise sections of densely aggregated melanosome (pigment) organelles sandwiched between phosphatized layers containing fibrous microstructures. We interpret this distinct layering as representing condensed and incompletely degraded integument from both sides of the animal. When compared against previously documented ichthyosaur fossils, it becomes readily apparent that a range</span> <span>of preservational modes exists between presumed 'phosphatic' and 'carbonized' soft-tissue remains. Some specimens show high structural fidelity (e.g., distinct integumentary layering), while others, including the fossils examined in this study, retain few original anatomical details. This diversity of soft-tissue preservational modes among Posidonia Shale ichthyosaurs offers a unique opportunity to examine different biostratinomic, taphonomic, and diagenetic variables that potentially could affect the process of fossilization. Soft-tissue preservation in the Posidonia Shale likely was regulated by a multitude of factors, including decay efficacy and speed of phosphatic mineral nucleation; these in turn were governed by a seafloor with sustained microbial mat activity fuelled by high organic matter input and seasonally fluctuating oxygen levels. </span></p>
Identifying persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) organic compounds detected in shale gas wastewater.
<p>Supporting Information (open data) for Identifying persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) organic compounds detected in shale gas wastewater.</p>
Cleveland Shale geochemical data
<p>Supplementary data for Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems publication "<strong>Geochemical and hydrographic evolution of the Late Devonian Appalachian Seaway: Linking sedimentation, redox, and salinity across time and space"</strong>.</p>
Data from: Evaluating growth in Macrospondylus bollensis (Crocodylomorpha: Teleosauroidea) in the Toarcian Posidonia Shale, Germany
<p>The dataset includes raw data (S1 - S3), .txt files (S3) and R codes (S3). Raw data is comprised of bone element measurements. S3 is a compressed .zip folder which includes all data (code, raw and additional) that pertains to our (1) ANCOVA and (2) evolutionary allometry analyses. We have decided to keep all these files together in one folder for better access and to not mix them with our ontogenetic data. </p>
Data from: Skeletal microstructure of Stenopterygius quadriscissus (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Posidonienschiefer (Posidonia Shale, Lower Jurassic) of Germany
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Modeling the impact of a potential shale gas industry in Germany and the United Kingdom on ozone with WRF-Chem
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Data from: Characterization of fluid occurrence states in Shale reservoirs: Centrifugal-nuclear magnetic resonance experimental analysis
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Data from: The Collins’ monster, a spinous suspension-feeding lobopodian from the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia
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Data from: Analysis of local-scale background concentrations of methane and other gas-phase species in the Marcellus Shale
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Data from: Evaluating growth in Macrospondylus bollensis (Crocodylomorpha: Teleosauroidea) in the Toarcian Posidonia Shale, Germany
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Failure and deformation characteristics of shale under true triaxial stress loading and unloading under water retention and seepage
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Preservational modes of some ichthyosaur soft tissues (Reptilia, Ichthyopterygia) from the Jurassic Posidonia Shale of Germany
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Data from: Friction of Longmaxi shale gouges and implications for seismicity during hydraulic fracturing
<p>Longmaxi formation shales are the major target reservoir for shale gas extraction in the Sichuan Basin, southwest China. Swarms of earthquakes accompanying hydraulic fracturing are observed at depths typified by the Longmaxi formation. Mineral composition varies broadly through the stratigraphic section due to different depositional environments. The section is generally tectosilicate-poor and phyllosilicate-rich with a minor portion (~5 <i>wt</i>.%) the converse. We measure the frictional and stability properties of shale gouges taken from the full stratigraphic section at hydrothermal conditions. Velocity-stepping experiments were performed on representative shale gouges at <i>σ<sub>c</sub></i> = 60 <i>MPa</i>, <i>P<sub>f</sub></i> = 30 <i>MPa</i> and <i>T</i> =150 <i>℃</i>. Results show that the gouges are generally frictionally strong with friction coefficients spanning a range of 0.50-0.75. Two phyllosilicate+TOC-poor gouges exhibited higher frictional strength and velocity weakening behavior, capable of potentially unstable fault slips, while only velocity strengthening behavior was observed for the remaining phyllosilicate+TOC-rich gouges. These results confirm that the frictional and stability properties are mainly controlled by phyllosilicate+TOC content. Elevating the temperature further weakens the gouges and drives it towards velocity weakening. The presence of observed seismicity in majority velocity strengthening materials suggest the importance of the minority velocity weakening materials. We suggest a model where seismicity is triggered when high pore fluid pressures drive aseismic slip in the near-field and triggers seismic slip on adjacent faults. Our results have important implications in understanding the physics of earthquakes in Sichuan Basin and highlights the importance of identifying the location and characteristics of faults prior to hydraulic fracturing.</p>
Dataset for the manuscript of the "Experimental investigation into simultaneous adsorption of water vapor and methane onto shales"
<p>Dataset for the manuscript of the "Experimental investigation into simultaneous adsorption of water vapor and methane onto shales"<br> </p>
Data from: An early Cambrian chelicerate from the Emu Bay Shale, South Australia
The Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) occurs on the north coast of Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Over 50 species are known from here, including trilobites and non-biomineralized arthropods, palaeoscolecids, a lobopodian, a polychaete, vetulicolians, nectocaridids, hyoliths, brachiopods, sponges and chancelloriids. A new chelicerate, Wisangocaris barbarahardyae gen. et sp. nov., is described herein, based on a collection of some 270 specimens. It is up to 60 mm long, with the length of the cephalic shield comprising about 30% that of the exoskeleton. The cephalic margin has three pairs of bilaterally-symmetrical small triangular spines. A pair of small eyes is placed well forwards on the ventral margin of the cephalic shield. The trunk comprises 11 segments that increase in length while narrowing posteriorly, each possibly bearing a pair of biramous appendages; the most posterior segment is almost square whereas the others are transversely elongated. The spatulate telson is proportionately longer than in taxa such as Sanctacaris, Utahcaris and Leanchoilia. Up to eight (?four pairs) of 3 mm-long elements bearing alternating inward-curving short and long spines beneath the cephalic shield are interpreted as basipodal gnathobases, part of a complex feeding apparatus. A well-developed gut includes a stomach within the cephalic shield; it extends to the base of the telson. In a few specimens there are shell fragments within the gut, including those of the trilobite Estaingia bilobata (the most common species in the biota); these fragments have sharp margins and extend across the gut lumen. The species may have been a predator or a scavenger, ingesting material already broken up by a larger predator/scavenger. The morphology of this taxon shares many overall body features with Sanctacaris, and some with Sidneyia, particularly its gnathobasic complex. These chelicerate affinities are corroborated by phylogenetic analyses.
Data from: Paleocommunity analysis of the Burgess Shale Tulip Beds, Mount Stephen, British Columbia: comparison with the Walcott Quarry and implications for community variation in the Burgess Shale
The Tulip Beds locality on Mount Stephen (Yoho National Park, British Columbia) yields one of the most abundant and diverse (~10,000 specimens in 110 taxa) Burgess Shale fossil assemblages in the Canadian Rockies. Detailed semi quantitative and quantitative analyses of this assemblage suggest strong similarities with the Walcott Quarry on Fossil Ridge. Both assemblages are dominated by epibenthic, sessile, and suspension feeding taxa, mostly represented by arthropods and sponges and have comparable diversity patterns, despite sharing only about half the genera. However, the Tulip Beds has a higher relative abundance of suspension feeders and taxa of unknown affinity compared to the Walcott Quarry. These biotic variations are probably largely attributable to ecological and evolutionary differences between the two temporally distinct communities that adapted to similar, but not identical, environmental settings. For instance, the Tulip Beds is farther away from the Cathedral Escarpment than the Walcott Quarry. The Tulip Beds and Walcott Quarry assemblages are more similar to each other than either one is to the assemblages of the Chengjiang biota, although the relative diversity of major taxonomic groups and ecological patterns are similar in all assemblages. The conserved diversity patterns and ecological structures among sites suggest that the ecological composition of Cambrian Burgess Shale-type communities was relatively stable across wide geographic and temporal scales.
Data from: Three new naraoiid species from the Burgess Shale, with a morphometric and phylogenetic reinvestigation of Naraoiidae
Naraoiids are non‐biomineralized euarthropods characterized by the complete fusion of post‐cephalic tergo‐pleurae into a single shield, as well as an extensively ramified digestive tract. Ranging from the early Cambrian to the late Silurian (Pridoli), these arthropods of simple appearance have traditionally been associated with the early diversification of trilobites and their close relatives, but the interrelationships and affinities of naraoiids within Artiopoda remain poorly characterized. Three new species from the Burgess Shale (middle Cambrian, Stage 5) of British Columbia, Canada, are described here: Misszhouia canadensis sp. nov., from Marble Canyon (Kootenay National Park), the first species belonging to the genus Misszhouia outside of China; Naraoia magna sp. nov., from Marble Canyon and also from the Raymond Quarry (Yoho National Park), the largest species of Naraoia described thus far, reaching up to 9 cm in length; and Naraoia arcana sp. nov., from two sublocalities on Mount Stephen (Yoho National Park), defined by its unusual combination of spines. This new material shows that gut morphology is no longer a reliable character to distinguish Misszhouia from Naraoia. We demonstrate that Naraoia and Misszhouia can instead be discriminated morphometrically, based on simple metrics of the dorsal exoskeleton. Our quantitative results also help with inter‐specific discrimination and illustrate possible cases of sexual dimorphism. Phylogenetically, the inclusion of morphometric data adds resolution to our cladogram, although parsimony and likelihood treatments provide somewhat different evolutionary scenarios. In all cases, liwiines are nested within Naraoiidae, resolved as the most derived clade of trilobitomorph arthropods.
FIGURE 8. A in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)
FIGURE 8. A, Right humerus (cranial view) of Eocuculus sp. from the early Oligocene of southern France (SMF Av 424; see Mayr 2008). B, Right humerus (cranial view) of Eopachypteryx praeterita (SMF-ME 2426). C, Sternum of Eocuculus cf. cherpinae from the early Oligocene of southern France (SMF Av 425; see Mayr 2006). D, Sternum of?Eopachypteryx sp. (SMF-ME 11417A). Bones in A, B, and D coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 5 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)
FIGURE 6.?Eopachypteryx sp. from the early Eocene of Messel, referred specimen SMF-ME 11417, skull details. A, Skull in ventral view (SMF-ME 11417A). B, C, Detail showing left quadrate and pterygoid; in C the bone is digitally enhanced. D, E, Detail showing right quadrate and pterygoid; in E the bones are digitally enhanced. F, Caudal end of right ramus mandibulae in dorsal view (SMF-ME 11417B). G–J, Caudal ends of right rami mandibularum of extant Cathartes burrovianus (Cathartidae, G), Coracias cyanogaster (Coraciidae, H), and Pharomachrus mocinno (Trogonidae, J). Abbreviations: cdm, condylus medialis; cla, cotyla lateralis; cmd, cotyla medialis; cpt, condylus pterygoideus; csq, capitulum squamosum; fos, fossa in midsection of ramus mandibulae; lpt, left pterygoid; lqd, left quadrate; prj, projection formed by caudal extension of cotyla lateralis; rpt, right pterygoid; rqd, right quadrate; ubk, upper beak. The framed areas in A indicate the position of the details in B–E. Fossil specimens coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 5 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)
FIGURE 4. Eopachypteryx praeterita, gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene of Messel. Details of various postcranial bones. A, B, Left and right hand sections of the wings of SMF-ME 11033B in dorsal view. C, D, Left and right hand sections of the wings of the holotype (SMF-ME 825) in dorsal view. E, Furcula and ossified tracheal rings of SMF-ME 11033A. F, Distal end of right humerus of the holotype in caudodorsal view. G, Proximal portion of the right tibiotarsus of the holotype in caudal view. H, Right tfoot of the holotype in plantar view. Abbreviations: dep, depression on dorsal surface of processus extensorius; exs, extremitas sternalis of furcula; hyp, hypotarsus; ocu, os carpi ulnare; std, sulcus tendinosus; tbd, tuberculum dorsale; tra, ossified tracheal rings; ung, ungual phalanx. Specimens coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.