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Fig. 3 in Early Cambrian "soft-shelled" brachiopods as possible stem-group phoronids

Fig. 3. Schematic reconstruction of lingullotretid brachiopod Lingulosacculus nuda gen. et sp. nov. Abbreviation: ap, anterior projection.

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Fig. 2 in Early Cambrian "soft-shelled" brachiopods as possible stem-group phoronids

Fig. 2. Anterior portion of lingullotretid brachiopod Lingulosacculus nuda gen. et sp. nov. (GSC−34952) in low−angle light, showing lophophore arms.

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Fig. 1 in Early Cambrian "soft-shelled" brachiopods as possible stem-group phoronids

Fig. 1. Light micrographs (A1, B1) and camera lucida drawings (A2, B2) of lingullotretid brachiopod Lingulosacculus nuda gen. et sp. nov. A. GSC−34952, with the smaller oval−shaped dorsal valve superimposed on the larger coniform ventral valve. B. GSC−34953 (holotype), with the smaller dorsal valve largely obscured by the superimposed ventral valve; white arrows in B1 indicate the margins of the propareas on the ventral pseudointerarea.

Fig. 3. Eight landmarks and 89 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 3. Eight landmarks and 89 semi-landmarks collected on a coleoid lower jaw (A, B). 1, the rostral tip; 2, the base of the rostrum; 3, the posterior end of the wing; 4, the posterior intersection of the outer and inner lamellae; 5, the posterior end of the inner lamella; 6, the anteroventral end of the crest; 7, the anterior intersection of the outer and inner lamellae; 8, the anteroventral end of the hood. B. A square grid showing shape differences between two individuals as deformation from B to B drawn by use of a thin-plate spline.

Fig. 6 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 6. Octobrachian coleoid Nanaimoteuthis hikidai sp. nov. KMNH IvP 902,001, holotype, a lower jaw; early Campanian, Late Cretaceous, Haboro area, Hokkaido, Japan. Right lateral (A), left lateral (C), dorsal (D), and frontal (E) views, and right lateral view after removing part of outer lamella (B).

Fig. 2 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 2. Diagrammatic drawing of a coleoid lower jaw. Left lateral (A) and frontal (B) views. 1, rostral length; 2, hood length; 3, crest length; 4, wing length; 5, width of outer lamella. After Clarke (1962, 1986), see Clarke and Maddock (1988) for terms and measurements.

Fig. 1 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 1. Map of Haboro area, northwest Hokkaido, Japan, showing the locations of the coleoid lower jaws examined.

Fig. 8 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 8. Phylogenetic relationships of fossil and modern coleoid major taxa complied from the data by Kröger et al. (2011: fig. 5) and Fuchs et al. (2013: fig. 12). Fossil records of Cretaceous decabrachian and octobrachian coleoids from the North Pacific region are given in black circles. 1, Haboroteuthis (this study); 2, Yezoteuthis (Tanabe et al. 2006); 3, Paleocirroteuthis (Tanabe et al. 2008); 4, Nanaimoteuthis (Tanabe et al. 2008; Tanabe and Hikida 2010; this study). Age after Cohen et al. (2012).

Fig. 7 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 7. Decabrachian coleoid Haboroteuthis poseidon gen. et sp. nov. KMNH IvP 902,002, holotype, a lower jaw; late Santonian, Late Cretaceous, Haboro area, Hokkaido, Japan. Frontal (A), left lateral (B), dorsal (C), and right lateral (D) views.

Fig. 5 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 5. Plots of the relative warp scores computed for the full set (A, B) or subset (C, D) of landmarks and semi-landmarks and the relative warps displayed as thin-plate splines. The lower and left grids show deformations from the mean shape (undeformed grid) corresponding to perturbations associated with RW1 and RW2, respectively (A, C) or RW3 and RW4, respectively (B, D).

Fig. 4 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 4. All coleoid lower jaws registered by the generalized least squares superimposition. A. A full set of landmarks (large symbols) and semi-landmarks (small symbols). B. A subset of landmarks and semi-landmarks put along the outline of the outer lamella.

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Fig. 3 in A new soft-shelled trionychid turtle of the genus Khunnuchelys from the Upper Cretaceous Bostobe Formation of Kazakhstan

Fig. 3. The trionychid turtle Khunnuchelys lophorhothon sp. nov. from Baykhozha, northeastern Aral Sea region, Kazakhstan, Bostobe Formation, Santonian–lower Campanian, Upper Cretaceous; ZIN PH 1/146, a partial skull; in ventral (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C), and posterior (D) views.

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Fig. 1 in A new soft-shelled trionychid turtle of the genus Khunnuchelys from the Upper Cretaceous Bostobe Formation of Kazakhstan

Fig. 1. Map showing main localities of Cretaceous trionychids in Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. A, Dzharakuduk; B, Baybishe; C, Shakh-Shakh; D, Kyrkkuduk I; E, Kansai; F, Kylodzhun; G, Baykhozha. See Vitek and Danilov (2010, 2012, 2013) and Danilov and Vitek (2013) for data on localities other than Baykhozha.

Fig. 5 in The soft-tissue attachment scars in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 5. Lateral attachment structures on Kachpurites cheremkhensis Mitta, Michailova, and Sumin 1999 shells from Late Volgian (Kachpurites fulgens Zone), Yaroslavl region, Cheremukha locality. A. MSU 113/3, whole shell with a scar at the middle section of the body chamber and a lateral sinus, which is located ventro-laterally not far from the aperture. B. MSU 113/10, shell with the apertural part of the body chamber not preserved, the scars are slightly asymmetric. C. MSU 113/36, fragment of the body chamber of ribbed macroconch, with scars on both sides of the shell. The scar demonstrate ventro-lateral projection on its front part. Asterisks mark the base of the body chamber. Photographs (A1–C1) and explanatory drawings (A2–C2).

Fig. 4 in The soft-tissue attachment scars in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 4. Lateral attachment scars on Kachpurites fulgens (Trautschold, 1861) shells from Late Volgian (Kachpurites fulgens Zone), Moscow region, Eganovo locality (A, B), and Mnevniki locality (C, D). A. MSU 113/30, shell with scars, showing several growth lines on the anterior part of the scar. The body chamber is fully preserved. Scars have a thin black anterior border (A1). B. MSU 113/21, posterior part of the body chamber with a bright scar. There are two growth lines on the anterior part of the scar. C. MSU 113/46, fragment of the body chamber with preserved outer shell layers; in lateral (C1, C2) and ventral (C3, C4) views. D. MSU 113/9, fragment of the body chamber with well-preserved scars on both sides of the shell; in ventral (D1, D2) and lateral (D3–D6) views. Asterisks mark the base of the body chamber. Photographs (A1, B1, C1, C3, D1, D3, D5) and explanatory drawings (A2, B2, C2, C4, D2, D4, D6).

Fig. 1 in The soft-tissue attachment scars in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 1. Maps of Central Russia (A) and Moscow area (B) with indicated localities (asterisks): 1, Eganovo (55°32'08.28"N; 38°03'10.47"E); 2, Mnevniki (55°46'4.12"N; 37°28'4.67"E); 3, Kuntsevo (55°44'40.83"N; 37°26'16.23"E); 4, Cheremukha (Mikhalevo-Ivanovskoe) (57°57'25.68"N; 38°43'7.36"E).

Fig. 11 in The soft-tissue attachment scars in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 11. Apertural parts of the anterior lateral sinuses of Kachpurites fulgens (Trautschold, 1861) from Late Volgian (Kachpurites fulgens Zone), Moscow region, Eganovo locality (B) and Mnevniki locality (A, C–F). A. MSU 113/24, lateral sinus line in the apertural part of the body chamber. B. MSU 113/7 see also Fig. 6B), apertural part of the body chamber with lateral sinuses. C. MSU 113/12 (see also Fig. 10B), lateral sinuses in the apertural part of the body chamber. D. MSU 113/23, apertural part of the body chamber with lateral sinuses. E. MSU 113/27, apertural part of the body chamber with a very bright lateral sinus. F. MSU 113/6 (see also Fig. 10C), apertural part of the body chamber. Apertural edge is not preserved. Photographs (A 1 –F 1) and explanatory drawings (A 2 –F 2).

Fig. 8 in The soft-tissue attachment scars in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 8. Abnormal lateral attachment scars and lateral sinuses on Kachpurites fulgens (Trautschold, 1861) shells from Late Volgian (Kachpurites fulgens Zone), Moscow region, Mnevniki locality. A. MSU 113/26, fragment of the body chamber with scars visible on both sides of the shell, normal shape scar A3, A4), anomalous scar-merged with anterior lateral sinuses (A1, A2). B. MSU 113/25, fragment of the body chamber with anomalous scars merged with lateral sinuses on both sides of the shell. C. MSU 113/2, body chamber with abnormal scars merged with lateral sinuses. The apertural part is not preserved. D. MSU 113/16, posterior part of body chamber. Visible two growth stages of scars: a later-formed with a sharp-edged border and an earlier-formed rounded inside the first one. Asterisks mark the base of the body chamber. Photographs (A1, A3, B1, B3, C1, D1) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, B2, B4, C2, D2).

Fig. 7 in The soft-tissue attachment scars in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 7. Lateral attachment scars on Garniericeras catenulatum (Fischer, 1830) shells from Late Volgian (Craspedites subditus Zone), Yaroslavl region, Cheremukha locality (A, B), and Moscow region, Kuntsevo locality (C, D). A. MSU 113/45, shell with a fully preserved body chamber and clearly visible scars on both sides; in lateral (A1, A2) and ventral (A3, A4) views. Scars are wider than in the other specimens of the same genus, their shape is similar to the shape of scars on Kachpurites cheremkhensis shells. The aperture is partially preserved. B. MSU 113/44, scar on the shell. C. MSU 113/22, a part of the body chamber with a light-colored scar. D. MSU 113/13, fragment of the phragmocone with a light-colored trace of a scar. Asterisks mark the base of the body chamber. Photographs (A1, A3, B1, C1, D1) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, B2, C2, D2).

Fig. 6 in The soft-tissue attachment scars in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 6. Lateral attachment scars and lateral sinuses on Kachpurites fulgens (Trautschold, 1861) shells from Late Volgian (Kachpurites fulgens Zone), Moscow region, Mnevniki locality (A), and Eganovo locality (B). A. MSU 113/1, fully preserved body chamber. Bright scars and lateral sinuses on both sides of the shell. Posterior parts of the scars visible near the last septum. B. MSU 113/7, complete body chamber with scars and lateral sinuses. It is clearly visible that lateral sinuses are located at a distance from the aperture. Asterisks mark the base of the body chamber. Photographs (A 1, B 1) and explanatory drawings (A 2, B 2).