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FIGURE 3 in A new species of Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from a threatened region in the Mantiqueira Mountain range (Brazil)

FIGURE 3. Ilyobius erebus sp. nov., holotype male, forewing (A) and hindwing (B). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from a threatened region in the Mantiqueira Mountain range (Brazil)

FIGURE 5. Ilyobius erebus sp. nov., holotype male. (A) genitalia, dorsal; (B) morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in A; (C) genitalia, ventral; (D) morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in C. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from a threatened region in the Mantiqueira Mountain range (Brazil)

FIGURE 4. Ilyobius erebus sp. nov., holotype, male. (A) genitalia, lateral; (B) morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in A; (C) genitalia, caudal; (D) morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in C. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from a threatened region in the Mantiqueira Mountain range (Brazil)

FIGURE 6. Ilyobius erebus sp. nov., paratype male genitalia. (A) fringed thorny setae on membranous endophalic sac, general view, (B) same, detail. Ilyobius hauseri (Contreras-Ramos, Fiorentin & Urakami, 2005) (Megaloptera: Sialidae), additional specimen collected in the type locality of species, male genitalia. (C) fringed thorny setae on membranous endophalic sac, general view, (D), (E) same, details. Scale bars, A = 0.1 mm; B = 0.01 mm; C = 0.03 mm; D, E = 0.01 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from a threatened region in the Mantiqueira Mountain range (Brazil)

FIGURE 2. Ilyobius erebus sp. nov., holotype male. (A) habitus, dorsal; (B) habitus, lateral; (C) head and pronotum, dorsal; (D) head and pronotum, lateral. Scale bars, A, B = 2 mm; C, D = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from a threatened region in the Mantiqueira Mountain range (Brazil)

FIGURE 1. (A) Map of South America with detailed area indicating the type locality of Ilyobius erebus sp. nov. (Megaloptera: Sialidae); (B), (D) general view of the sampled streams. Red spots are localities where I. erebus sp. nov. was collected; (C) Pennsylvania light traps installed at the stream's banks.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from a threatened region in the Mantiqueira Mountain range (Brazil)

FIGURE 7. Ilyobius erebus sp. nov., female. (A) genitalia, lateral; (B) morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in A; (C) genitalia, ventral; (D) morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in C; (E) genitalia, ventral, the arrow indicates the gonocoxite 8 beneath S7. Scale bars, A, C = 0.5 mm, E = 0.2 mm.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Demographic responses to climate change in a threatened Arctic species

The Arctic is undergoing rapid and accelerating change in response to global warming, altering biodiversity patterns and ecosystem function across the region. For Arctic endemic species, our understanding of the consequences of such change remains limited. Spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri), a large Arctic sea duck, use remote regions in the Bering Sea, Arctic Russia, and Alaska throughout the annual cycle making it difficult to conduct comprehensive surveys or demographic studies. Listed as Threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, understanding the species response to climate change is critical for effective conservation policy and planning. Here, we developed an integrated population model to describe spectacled eider population dynamics using capture-mark-recapture, breeding population survey, nest survey, and environmental data collected between 1992 and 2014. Our intent was to estimate abundance, population growth, and demographic rates, and quantify how changes in the environment influenced population dynamics. Abundance of spectacled eiders breeding in western Alaska has increased since listing in 1993 and responded more strongly to annual variation in first year survival than adult survival or productivity. We found both adult survival and nest success were highest in years following intermediate sea ice conditions during the wintering period, and both demographic rates declined when sea ice conditions were above or below average. In recent years sea ice extent has reached new record lows and has remained below average throughout the winter for multiple years in a row. Sea ice persistence is expected to further decline in the Bering Sea. Our results indicate spectacled eiders may be vulnerable to climate change and the increasingly variable sea ice conditions throughout their wintering range with potentially deleterious effects on population dynamics. Importantly, we identified that different demographic rates responded similarly to changes in sea ice conditions, emphasizing the need for integrated analyses to understand population dynamics.

opennotspecifiedAug 2022View details →

FIGURE 3 in Rediscovery of Ivania juncalensis Al-Shehbaz (Thelypodieae; Brassicaceae), an endemic and threatened species from the Andes of Central Chile

FIGURE 3. Ivania juncalensis habitat. (A, C) Plants growing among the rocks; (B) detail of the flowers and (D) the fruits; (E) multiple individuals growing in crevices (red arrows); (F) rocky wall with scarce vegetation and I. juncalensis individuals (red arrows).

opennotspecifiedAug 2022View details →

FIGURE 1 in Rediscovery of Ivania juncalensis Al-Shehbaz (Thelypodieae; Brassicaceae), an endemic and threatened species from the Andes of Central Chile

FIGURE 1. Ivania juncalensis. (A) Habit; flower (B) top view, (C) lateral view; (D) basal leaf; (E) fruit; (F) seed; (G) detail of an inflorescence with flowers, immature fruits, and cauline leaves.

opennotspecifiedAug 2022View details →

FIGURE 2 in Rediscovery of Ivania juncalensis Al-Shehbaz (Thelypodieae; Brassicaceae), an endemic and threatened species from the Andes of Central Chile

FIGURE 2. Location of Ivania juncalensis in the Parque Andino Juncal, Juncal valley, Los Andes Province, Chile.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2018View details →

DataSet Jaeger et al. 2018 Avian cholera outbreaks threaten seabird species on Amsterdam Island

Results of PCR detection of Pasteurella multocida and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in biological material collected from five seabird species breeding on Amsterdam Island between November 2011 and January 2012. Species; YNA: yellow-nosed albatross, SA: sooty albatross, NRP: northern rockhopper penguin, AA: Amsterdam albatross, BS: Brown skua PM: Pasteurella multocida ER: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

FIG. 5 in Patch Dynamics Inform Management Decisions in a Threatened Frog Species

FIG. 5. (A) Crawfish Frog movement from Nate's Pond (Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife Area-West, Greene County, Indiana). One-third of juvenile Crawfish Frogs that metamorphosed at Nate's Pond dispersed to nearby wetlands to breed. Two-thirds of juveniles returned to Nate's to breed. Numbers in parentheses represent counts of individuals. The sizes of the arrows are proportional to the number of individuals. (B) A subset of adult Crawfish Frogs shifted breeding wetlands between years. Colors match the initial wetland from which frogs emigrated. Numbers indicate counts of individuals moving between wetlands. Scale bar ¼ 500 m.

FIG. 4 in Patch Dynamics Inform Management Decisions in a Threatened Frog Species

FIG. 4. Retention of juvenile Crawfish Frogs released at artificial burrows west of Nate's Pond (Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife AreaWest, Greene County, Indiana). From 24 June–1 August 2015, we used wildlife cameras to determine burrow occupancy. We defined snake predation as instances when frogs no longer appeared after a snake was photographed at burrows. Snake predation (n ¼ 10) and an unknown case of mortality (n¼ 1) are noted.

FIG. 1 in Patch Dynamics Inform Management Decisions in a Threatened Frog Species

FIG. 1. Crawfish Frog breeding wetlands (n ¼ 6) at Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife Area-West (HFWA-W; Greene County, Indiana). We encircled Nate's and Cattail ponds (bolded text) with drift fence/pitfall trap arrays in 2009– 2016 and sampled at the remaining wetlands (Big, Erosion Control [EC], New, and Nate's Jr.) using funnel traps. We monitored Crawfish Frog breeding (late February through early May) and metamorphosis (mid-June through early August) at Nate's and Cattail, and only breeding at the remaining wetlands. The yellow outline indicates the boundary of HFWAW. Scale bar ¼ 1 km.

FIG. 2 in Patch Dynamics Inform Management Decisions in a Threatened Frog Species

FIG. 2. (A) Newly metamorphosed juvenile Crawfish Frogs at Nate's Pond (Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife Area-West, Greene County, Indiana) exited with no specific directionality in 2009–2011 and 2014. Exiting frogs were captured by pitfall traps (indicated by yellow squares) positioned every 10 m along the drift fence. Sizes of trap squares are proportional to the number of juveniles exiting from each trap. Numbers next to the traps show the proportion of juveniles exiting from that trap, averaged across the years. (B) Post-breeding adult Crawfish Frogs exhibited a strong tendency to exit Nate's Pond towards the southeast, presumably in the direction of their primary burrow (Heemeyer and Lannoo, 2012). A smaller subset of adults exited east; a much smaller subset exited west. Sizes of trap squares are proportional to the ratio of adults versus juveniles exiting from each trap. We included adults that originated from Nate's Pond and were captured in 2013–2016, and excluded those from 2012 (small sample size, n ¼ 14). We included juveniles captured in 2009–2011 and 2014, and excluded years with small sample sizes (2013, n ¼ 8) and no recruitment (2012 and 2015). Scale bar ¼ 50 m.

opennotspecifiedNov 2022View details →

Figure 1 in The conservation paradox of an introduced population of a threatened species: spadefoot toads in the coastal dunes of the Netherlands

Figure 1. Sampling sites of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus). The main map shows localities sampled outside and the inset localities sampled inside the Netherlands (see main text for details). A rough outline of the natural distribution range in the Netherlands is shaded grey. Localities that contain haplotypes found in the Netherlands are colour coded; otherwise they are left grey (FUS stands for P. fuscus). Sampling details are in supplementary table S1.

opennotspecifiedNov 2022View details →

Figure 3 in The conservation paradox of an introduced population of a threatened species: spadefoot toads in the coastal dunes of the Netherlands

Figure 3. Haplotype network for the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) Haplotypes relevant to the current study are colour coded; the remainder is left grey (details in supplementary table S1). The prefix 'FUS' is not shown for the haplotype codes.

opennotspecifiedNov 2022View details →

Figure 2 in The conservation paradox of an introduced population of a threatened species: spadefoot toads in the coastal dunes of the Netherlands

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree for common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) and Pallas's spadefoot toad (P. vespertinus). Haplotypes relevant to the current study are colour coded; the remainder is left grey (details in Table S1). Haplotype abbreviations are: FUS = P. fuscus, VES = P. vespertinus, BAL = P. balcanicus, SYR = P. syriacus, CUL = P. cultripes, and VAR = P. varaldii.