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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2012View details →

Fig. 2. Tritogenia howickiana Kinberg, 1867 in The megadrile fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of Queen Elizabeth Park, South Africa: species composition and distribution within different vegetation types

Fig. 2. Tritogenia howickiana Kinberg, 1867, the whole body of the lectotype. Scale bar = 5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2012View details →

Fig. 5 in The megadrile fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of Queen Elizabeth Park, South Africa: species composition and distribution within different vegetation types

Fig. 5. Tritogenia howickiana, position of the spermathecae (Sp) in segments 12 and 13.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2012View details →

Fig. 1. A in The megadrile fauna (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of Queen Elizabeth Park, South Africa: species composition and distribution within different vegetation types

Fig. 1. A map of Queen Elizabeth Park, showing the different vegetation types.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Data for: Using distribution models to identify range shifts of four Acroneuria Pictet, 1841 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) species in the Midwest USA

Regional faunal assessments of stoneflies in the United States Midwest (herein defined as Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin) indicate increasing imperilment resulting from human disturbance and climate change. Large-bodied Perlid stoneflies with multivoltine life cycles are among the most at risk for regional extirpation, with losses reported in several midwestern states. Species distribution modeling was undertaken to describe distribution shifts for four widespread riverine species: Acroneuria abnormis (Newman, 1838), A. frisoni Stark & Brown, 1991, A. internata (Walker, 1852) and A. lycorias (Newman, 1839). The distribution modeling algorithm MaxEnt was selected to predict both the historical (i.e., pre-1960) and contemporaneous distributions for each species using separate occurrence datasets. These models permit the identification of suitable habitat loss through range contractions associated with human disturbance. Predictions of suitable habitat losses were recorded for multiple species but were greatest for A. abnormis and A. internata. These models serve to guide future collection efforts and to further describe patterns of regional biodiversity loss. The data presented within this dataset contain the occurrence data used for modeling with distinction between temporal periods modeled.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Fijian habitat and invertebrate species distribution modelling

Aim Spatially explicit protections of coastal habitats determined on the current distribution of species and ecosystems risk becoming obsolete in 100 years if the movement of species ranges outpaces management action. Hence, a critical step of conservation is predicting the efficacy of management actions in future. We aimed to determine how foundational, habitat‐building species will respond to climate change in Fiji. Location The Republic of Fiji. Methods We develop species distribution models (SDMs) using MaxEnt, General Additive Models and Boosted Regression Trees and publicly available data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility to predict changes in distribution of suitable habitat for mangrove forests, coral habitat, seagrass meadows and critical fisheries invertebrates under several IPCC climate change scenarios in 2070 or 2100. We then overlay predicted distribution models onto existing Fijian protected area network to assess whether today's conservation measures will afford protection to tomorrow's distributions. Results We develop species distribution models (SDMs) using MaxEnt, General Additive Models and Boosted Regression Trees and publicly available data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility to predict changes in distribution of suitable habitat for mangrove forests, coral habitat, seagrass meadows and critical fisheries invertebrates under several IPCC climate change scenarios in 2070 or 2100. We then overlay predicted distribution models onto existing Fijian protected area network to assess whether today's conservation measures will afford protection to tomorrow's distributions. Main conclusions Species distribution models are a critical tool for conservation managers, as linking spatial distribution data with future climate change scenarios can aid in the creation and resiliency of protected area programmes. New protected area designations should consider the future distribution of species to maximize benefits to those taxa.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Unveiling global species abundance distributions - Callaghan et al. 2023 - Nature Ecology and Evolution

This repository represents some data and code to reproduce the main figures from Callaghan et al. 2023. Unveiling the global species abundance distributions of Eukaryotes. Nature Ecology and Evolution.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Data associated with: Applying remote sensing for large-landscape problems: Inventorying and tracking habitat recovery for a broadly distributed Species At Risk

<ol> <li> Anthropogenic habitat alteration is leading to the reduction of global biodiversity. Consequently, there is an imminent need to understand the state and trend of habitat alteration across broad areas. In North America, habitat alteration has been linked to the decline of threatened woodland caribou. As such, habitat protection and restoration are critical measures to support recovery of self-sustaining caribou populations. Broad estimates of habitat change through time have set the stage for understanding the status of caribou habitat. However, the lack of updated and detailed data on post-disturbance vegetation recovery is an impediment to recovery planning and monitoring restoration effectiveness. Advances in remote sensing tools to collect high-resolution data at large spatial scales are beginning to enable ecological studies in new ways to support ecosystem-based and species-based management. </li> <li> We used semi-automated and manual methodologies to fuse photogrammetry point clouds (PPC) from high-resolution aerial imagery with wide-area Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data to quantify vegetation structure (height, density, class) on disturbances associated with caribou declines. We also compared vegetation heights estimated from the semi-automated PPC-LiDAR fusion to heights estimated in the field, using stereoscopic interpretation, and using multi-channel TiTAN LiDAR. </li> <li> Vegetation regrowth was occurring on many of the disturbance types, though there was local variability in the type, height, and density of vegetation. Heights estimated using PPC-LiDAR fusion were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.87 in all cases) with heights estimated using stereomodels, TiTAN multi-channel LiDAR, and field measurements. </li> <li> We demonstrated that PPC-LiDAR fusion can be operationalized over large areas to collect comprehensive and consistent vegetation data across landscape levels, providing opportunities to link fine-resolution remote sensing to landscape-scale ecological studies. Crucially, these data can be used to estimate rates of habitat recovery at resolutions that are not feasible using more commonly used satellite-based sensors, bridging the gap between resolution and extent. Such data are needed to achieve effective and efficient habitat monitoring to support caribou recovery efforts, as well as a myriad of additional forest management needs. </li> </ol>

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

Data from: Body size-dependent effects on the distribution patterns of phoretic mite species assemblages on Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790)

Phoretic mites attach to different body parts of the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790), to disperse. However, the question of how the patterns of attachment sites are formed remains intriguing. Here, we examined RPW-associated phoretic mites in four districts in Northern Portugal (macrohabitat), and investigated the patterns of mite distribution on six body parts of RPW (microhabitat). At the macrohabitat level, we detected seven phoretic mite taxa using the RPW host in each of the four studied districts, all documented for the first time in association with this invasive exotic species in Portugal. However, their relative abundance (species evenness) varied between districts, as did species diversity. All examined weevils carried mites, and the prevalence of the different taxa did not differ between districts or sex of weevils. Measured by mean abundance and degree of aggregation, Centrouropoda sp. proved to be the dominant taxon, while Acarus sp. and Curculanoetus rhynchophorus were considered common subordinate taxa and Uroovobella sp., Mesostigmata, Nenteria extremica and Dendrolaelaps sp. sparse taxa. At the microhabitat level, all taxa were present on all body parts of the RPW; the highest abundance was in a region encompassing the inner surface of the elytra and the membranous hind wings (subelytral space). Analysis of niche overlap revealed that the distribution patterns of phoretic mite taxa on the RPW were not randomly structured. In the subelytral space, interspecific coexistence of mites increased as a function of body size difference with the dominant Centrouropoda sp. We found that in the subelytral space the large dominant species Centrouropoda sp. displaced the larger species Uroobovella sp. and the similarly sized species Nenteria extremica, but coexisted with smaller taxa.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

Forecasting species distributions: Correlation does not equal causation

Aim: Identifying the mechanisms influencing species' distributions is critical for accurate climate change forecasts. However, current approaches are limited by correlative models that cannot distinguish between direct and indirect effects. Location: New Hampshire and Vermont, USA. Methods: Using causal and correlational models and new theory on range limits, we compared current (2014–2019) and future (2080s) distributions of ecologically important mammalian carnivores and competitors along range limits in the northeastern US under two global climate models (GCMs) and a high-emissions scenario (RCP8.5) of projected snow and forest biomass change. Results: Our hypothesis that causal models of climate-mediated competition would result in different distribution predictions than correlational models, both in the current and future periods, was well-supported by our results; however, these patterns were prominent only for species pairs that exhibited strong interactions. The causal model predicted the current distribution of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) more accurately, likely because it incorporated the influence of competitive interactions mediated by snow with the closely related bobcat (Lynx rufus). Both modeling frameworks predicted an overall decline in lynx occurrence in the central high elevation regions and increased occurrence in the northeastern region in the 2080s due to changes in land use that provided optimal habitat. However, these losses and gains were less substantial in the causal model due to the inclusion of an indirect buffering effect of snow on lynx. Main conclusions: Our comparative analysis indicates that a causal framework, steeped in ecological theory, can be used to generate spatially-explicit predictions of species distributions. This approach can be used to disentangle correlated predictors that have previously hampered understanding of range limits and species' response to climate change.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Original dataset for the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves of the antineoplastics Imatinib, Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil

Original dataset (LC50 and EC50 for freshwater species) for the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves of the antineoplastics Imatinib (IM), Cisplatin (CisPt) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU).

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Fish species classification, trophic guilds and geographical distribution of northeast China

Muling River, surrounded by cultivated land of Heilongjiang Province in the northeast of China, experienced sand-digging activities for a long time, and its riverbed has been seriously damaged. However, the knowledge about the impact of this disturbance on the status of fish community structure and diversity was little studied in this river. In this study, environmental factors and fish assembles from Muling River were investigated in spring, summer and autumn of 2015 and 2017, respectively. During the investigation period, 46 species of five orders and 12 families of fish were classified into seven trophic guilds. Our results demonstrated that the fish species diversity indices and variation trends of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index were consistent. RDA analysis showed that water depth was significantly correlated with zooplankton feeding habits, and transparency correlated with aquatic plant feeding. This study supports the need for trophic guilds taxonomic studies of freshwater fishes to underpin management in areas subject to significant environmental change.

FIGURE 27 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 27 Head of Merodon retectus sp. nov., lateral view. A) male, B) female.

FIGURE 25 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 25 Body of Merodon retectus sp. nov., female. A) dorsal view, B) lateral view.

FIGURE 20 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 20 Body of Merodon petiolatus sp. nov., male, dorsal view.

FIGURE 7 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 7 Distribution map of Merodon aberrans, Merodon flavitibius and Merodon hermonensis sp. nov.

figure of habitus (Palma, 1863) fits the concept of Merodon aberrans. in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

figure of habitus (Palma, 1863) fits the concept of Merodon aberrans.

FIGURE 10 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 10 Metaleg of Merodon warnckei, lateral view. A) male, B) female.

FIGURE 4 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 4 Metaleg of female, lateral view. A) M. flavitibius, B) M. aberrans.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Population genomic analyses reveal hybridization and marked differences in genetic structure and demographic history of Scurria limpet sister species with parapatric distributions across the southeastern pacific

The study of sister species that occur in parapatry around biogeographic transition zones can help understand the evolutionary processes that underlie the changes in species composition across biogeographic transition zones. The South Eastern Pacific (SEP) coast is a highly productive coastal system that exhibits a broad biogeographic transition zone around 30–35ºS. Here, we present a comparative genome-wide analysis of the sister species Scurria viridula and Scurria zebrina, that occur in parapatry and whose poleward and equatorward range edges intersect in the 30–35ºS SEP biogeographic transition zone. We sampled 118 specimens sourced from nine sites from Tocopilla (22ºS) to Chiloé (41ºS) including one site where both species overlap and analyzed over 8,000 biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found evidence of hybridization between these species in the contact zone and found significant but contrasting population structures for both species. Our results indicate that the genetic structure in S. viridula, which is currently expanding its range poleward, follows a simple isolation-by-distance model with no traces of natural selection (no evidence of outlier loci). In contrast, S. zebrina, which finds its equatorward range edge at the transition zone, displayed a pronounced genetic break approximately at 32-34ºS, along a region of marked environmental heterogeneity in association with a semi-permanent coastal upwelling regime. For S. zebrina, we also found 43 outlier loci associated with this genetic break, with a significant proportion of them clustering in a single linkage group. This marked difference in the presence of outlier loci between species suggests that they could be responding differently to local environmental challenges found at their overlapping geographic range edges, thus providing important new insights about genomic changes around biogeographic transition zones in sister species and the forces that shape genetic diversity in intertidal marine species.