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4,059 results for “mammal”
Fig. 18. USNM 437460 in Morphology And Relationships Of Apternodus And Other Extinct, Zalambdodont, Placental Mammals
Fig. 18. USNM 437460, Apternodus brevirostris mandible from Flagstaff Rim, Wyoming in occlusal
Fig. 17. USNM 437460 in Morphology And Relationships Of Apternodus And Other Extinct, Zalambdodont, Placental Mammals
Fig. 17. USNM 437460, Apternodus brevirostris rostrum from Flagstaff Rim, Wyoming in occlusal
FIG. 31 in Non-marine mammals of Togo (West Africa): an annotated checklist
FIG. 31. — Distribution of the number of Togolese mammal species by ecological zone.
FIG. 20 in Non-marine mammals of Togo (West Africa): an annotated checklist
FIG. 20. — Chlorocebus tantalus (Ogilby, 1841). Photograph: Gabriel Hoinsoudé Segniagbeto.
FIG. 1 in Non-marine mammals of Togo (West Africa): an annotated checklist
FIG. 1. — Map of Togo, showing the five ecological zones.
FIG. 23 in Non-marine mammals of Togo (West Africa): an annotated checklist
FIG. 23. — Elephants from the borders between Burkina Faso and Togo. Photograph: Emmanuel Hema.
Fig. 10 in New Jurassic Mammals from Patagonia, Argentina: A Reappraisal of Australosphenidan Morphology and Interrelationships
Fig. 10. Measurements of the lower molar.
Fig. 8 in New Jurassic Mammals from Patagonia, Argentina: A Reappraisal of Australosphenidan Morphology and Interrelationships
Fig. 8. Reconstruction of the right lower jaw of Henosferus molus in labial and lingual views.
Figure 1 in An unexpected finding of mammal mites (Psoroptidia: Sarcoptoidea) on a bird
Figure 1 Myocoptes musculinus (Koch, 1844), dorsal view of male (left) and female (right).
Figure 3 in Support polygons and symmetrical gaits in mammals
Figure 3. Distributions of mammalian gaits on the Hildebrand diagram.
Rapid morphological change in a small mammal species after habitat fragmentation over the past half-century
<p><span><b>Study Aim:</b> To compare the rapid shifts in body size of mainland and island populations of a native rodent and examine the mechanisms underlying these changes.</span></p> <p><span><b>Location:</b> Thousand Island Lake, China, which was created in 1959 when the Xin'anjiang Dam was constructed for generating hydroelectricity.</span></p> <p><b>Taxon:</b> The Chinese white-bellied rat, <i>Niviventer confucianus</i>.</p> <p><span><b>Methods</b>: Field surveys were conducted from 2015 to 2018 to collect data on body size of the rodents from a set of islands and nearby mainland sites. We constructed multiple linear models to examine the relationships between body size (length and mass) of rodents and biological variables (predators, interspecific and intraspecific competitors, and food availability). We also conducted structural equation modeling (SEM) by constructing models via confirmatory path analysis.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results: </b>All island populations of <i>N. confucianus</i> had significantly larger body size (both body mass and body length) than their mainland counterparts. Moreover, populations on small and more isolated islands had larger body size than their relatives on big islands. The relative absence of predators (large-bodied mammals, snakes, and raptors) on islands was most strongly associated with shifts in the body size of rodents. The documented changes occurred after only a half-century of fragmentation.</span></p> <p><span><b>Main conclusions: </b>The observed rapid body enlargement of rodents after habitat fragmentation is consistent with a release from predation pressure. SEM indicated that island area, rather than island isolation, had positive effects on the richness of predators, interspecific competitors and food resources, which then had an indirect impact on body size of the rodents. In this study, we report a remarkably rapid case of mammal morphological shifts in a small mammal in response to habitat fragmentation. Given the omnipresence of dams and other anthropogenic disturbances, our findings suggest that a wave of rapid phenotypic shifts in terrestrial vertebrates is taking place in the Anthropocene.</span></p>
Dental measurement and diet data for mammals
<p>Because teeth are the most easily preserved part of the vertebrate skeleton and are particularly morphologically variable in mammals, studies of fossil mammals rely heavily on dental morphology. Dental morphology is used both for systematics and phylogeny as well as for inferences about paleoecology, diet in particular. We analyze the influence of evolutionary history on our ability to reconstruct diet from dental morphology in the mammalian order Carnivora, and we find that much of our understanding of diet in carnivorans is dependent on the phylogenetic constraints on diet in this clade. Substantial error in estimating diet from dental morphology is present regardless of the morphological data used to make the inference, although more extensive morphological datasets are more accurate in predicting diet than more limited character sets. Unfortunately, including phylogeny in making dietary inferences actually decreases the accuracy of these predictions, showing that dietary predictions from morphology are substantially dependent on the evolutionary constraints on carnivore diet and tooth shape. The "evolutionary ratchet" that drives lineages of carnivorans to evolve greater degrees of hypercarnivory through time actually plays a role in allowing dietary inference from tooth shape, but consequently requires caution in interpreting dietary inference from the teeth fossil carnivores. These difficulties are another reminder of the differences in evolutionary tempo and mode between morphology and ecology.</p>
Emergence and radiation of distemper viruses in terrestrial and marine mammals - Input files, bash and R codes for analysing PDV and CDV sequence data
<p><span>Canine distemper virus (CDV) and phocine distemper virus (PDV) are major pathogens to terrestrial and marine mammals. Yet little is known about the timing and geographical origin of distemper viruses and to what extent it was influenced by environmental change and human activities. To address this, we i) performed the first comprehensive time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis of the two distemper viruses; ii) mapped distemper antibody and virus detection data from marine mammals collected between 1972-2018; iii) and compiled historical reports on distemper dating back to the 18<sup>th</sup> century. We find that CDV and PDV diverged in the early 17<sup>th</sup> century. Modern CDV strains last shared a common ancestor in the 19<sup>th</sup> century with a marked radiation during the 1930s-50s. Modern PDV strains are of more recent origin, diverging in the 1970s-80s. Based on the compiled information on distemper distribution, the diverse host range of CDV and basal phylogenetic placement of terrestrial morbilliviruses, we hypothesize a terrestrial CDV-like ancestor giving rise to PDV in the North Atlantic. Moreover, given the estimated timing of distemper origin and radiation, we hypothesize a prominent role of environmental change such as the Little Ice Age, and human activities like globalisation and war in distemper virus evolution. </span></p>
Research data supporting article "Somatic mutation rates scale with lifespan across mammals"
<p>Data files supporting analyses described in the article "Somatic mutation rates scale with lifespan across mammals" (Cagan, Baez-Ortega et al., 2022).</p>
Temporal patterns of visitation of birds and mammals at mineral licks in the Peruvian Amazon
<p>Mineral licks are key ecological resources for many species of birds and mammals in Amazonia, providing essential dietary nutrients and clays, yet little is known about which species visit and their behaviors at the mineral licks. Studying visitation and behavior at mineral licks can provide insight into the lives of otherwise secretive and elusive species. We assessed which species visited mineral licks, when they visited, and whether visits and the probability of recording groups at mineral licks were seasonal or related to the lunar cycle. We camera trapped at 52 mineral licks in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon and detected 20 mammal and 13 bird species over 6,255 camera nights. Generalized linear models assessed visitation patterns and records of groups in association with seasonality and the lunar cycle. We report nocturnal curassows (Nothocrax urumutum) visiting mineral licks for the first time. We found seasonal trends in visitation for the black agouti (Dasyprocta fuliginosa), red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus), blue-throated piping guan (Pipile cumanensis), red brocket deer (Mazama americana), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) and tapir (Tapirus terrestris). Lunar trends in visitation occurred for the paca (Cuniculus paca), Brazilian porcupine (Coendou prehensilis) and red brocket deer. The probability of recording groups (>1 individual) at mineral licks was seasonal and related to lunar brightness for tapir. Overall, our results provide important context for how elusive species of birds and mammals interact with these key ecological resources on a landscape scale. The ecological importance of mineral licks for these species can provide context to seasonal changes in species occupancy and movement.</p>
Trypanosoma cruzi in Mexican Neotropical vectors and mammals: Wildlife, livestock, pets, and human population
<p><span>The aim of the present study has been to provide primary evidence of <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> landscape genetics in the Mexican Neotropics.</span><span> <em>T. cruzi</em> and DTU prevalence were analyzed in landscape communities of vectors, wildlife, livestock, pets, and sympatric human populations using endpoint PCR and sequencing of all relevant amplicons from mitochondrial (kDNA) and nuclear (ME, 18S, 24Sα) gene markers. Although 98% of the infected sample set (N=2963) contained single or mixed infections of DTUI (TcI, 96.2%) and TcVI (22.6%), TcIV and TcII were identified. The sensitivity of individual markers varied and was dependent on the host taxon; kDNA, ME, and 18S combined identified 95% of infections. ME genotyped 90% of vector infections, but 60% of mammals (36% wildlife), while neither 18S nor 24Sα typed more than 20% of mammal infections. Available gene fragments to identify or genotype <em>T. cruzi</em> are not universally sensitive for all landscape parasite populations, highlighting important <em>T. cruzi</em> heterogeneity among mammal reservoir taxa and triatomine species.</span></p>
Northern Nevada wildlife and topography: Camera trapping data set for 14 mammal species collected from 100 sampling sites in northwestern Nevada
<p>Camera traps are one of the most common field techniques for surverying terrestrial mammal communities and thus, much work has gone into understanding how different factors influence species detection at camera trap locations. However, the effect of fine-scale topography, such as terrain slope and position, on wildlife detection has not been explicitly quantified despite strong effects of topography on animal movement in mountainous regions. This data set contains weekly detection non-detection data for 14 mammal species from 100 camera traps sites monitored for 28 months (June 2018 - September 2020) in northwestern Nevada, U.S.A. This sampling extent was split into 3 month sampling seasons, exclusive of winter (Dec, Jan, Feb) and spring 2020, when data were sparse. In addition to species detection data, that dataset includes topographic variables at cameras sites: 1) terrain slope, calculated in R package raster from a 10m digital elevation model and 2) Topographic position index averaged across three buffer sizes around points 270m, 810m, and 2430m. The land cover variables proportion mixed conifer and proportion pinyon-juniper woodland within a 5000m buffer of sites are also included. Both are derived from the USDA/US DOI Landfire 2016 dataset. The luring variable indicates whether attractant was applied at a site during a given week, the effect of which was assumed to last for a month after the last application. </p>
FIG 8400 in Dental ontogeny in the early Paleocene placental mammal Alcidedorbignya inopinata (Pantodonta) from Tiupampa (Bolivia)
FIG 8400
Data from: Maternal effects and the legacy of extreme environmental events for wild mammals
<p><span>Nutrition underpins population dynamics of large herbivores. The environmental, physiological, and nutritional state of a mother can have a lifetime effect on her offspring. For ungulates, nutrition of the mother during gestation can have an important and often underappreciated effect on the lifetime phenotype, behavior, and success of her offspring. Research in captive settings has shown even with animals that are closely related (i.e., have similar genetic makeups), maternal condition can have serious lifetime implications for an animal's offspring; mothers in poor condition give birth to sons that exhibit stunted growth compared with sons born to mothers in good condition. Yet, identifying the role of maternal effects in wild animals can be difficult. It requires information on the nutritional legacy of a mother in combination with information on current environmental conditions.</span></p> <p><span>We evaluated how nutrition of a mother potentially affected her male offspring's lifetime trajectory using ingesta-free body fat measurements of mule deer (<em>Odocoileus hemionus</em>) in the Wyoming Range of western Wyoming, USA. Following a very harsh winter, one female gave birth to a male who remained small for the entirety of his lifetime, which may be attributed to the nutritional stress his mother experienced during that winter. This dataset includes the means and standard errors of IFBFat for female deer captured in March from 2013–2021 and for male deer captured in December from 2018–2021.</span></p>
Behavioral responses of a large, heat-sensitive mammal to climatic variation at multiple spatial scales
<p>1. Climate warming creates energetic challenges for endothermic species by increasing metabolic and hydric costs of thermoregulation. Although endotherms can invoke an array of behavioral and physiological strategies for maintaining homeostasis, the relative effectiveness of those strategies in a climate that is becoming both warmer and drier is not well understood.</p> <p>2. In accordance with the heat dissipation limit theory, which suggests that allocation of energy to growth and reproduction by endotherms is constrained by the ability to dissipate heat, we expected that patterns of habitat use by large, heat-sensitive mammals across multiple scales are critical for behavioral thermoregulation during periods of potential heat stress and that they must invest a large portion of time to maintain heat balance.</p> <p>3. To test our predictions, we evaluated mechanisms underpinning the effectiveness of bed sites for ameliorating daytime heat loads and potential heat stress across the landscape while accounting for other factors known to affect behavior. We integrated detailed data on microclimate and animal attributes of moose <em>Alces</em> <em>alces</em>, into a biophysical model to quantify costs of thermoregulation at fine and coarse spatial scales.</p> <p>4. During summer, moose spent an average of 67.8% of daylight hours bedded, and selected bed sites and home ranges that reduced risk of experiencing heat stress. For most of the day, shade could effectively mitigate the risk of experiencing heat stress up to 10°C, but at warmer temperatures (up to 20℃) wet soil was necessary to maintain homeostasis via conductive heat loss. Consistent selection across spatial scales for locations that reduced heat load underscores the importance of the thermal environment as a driver of behavior in this heat-sensitive mammal.</p> <p>5. Moose in North America have long been characterized as riparian-obligate species because of their dependence on woody plant species for food. Nevertheless, the importance of dissipating endogenous heat loads conductively through wet soil suggests riparian habitats also are critical thermal refuges for moose. Such refuges may be especially important in the face of a warming climate in which both high environmental temperatures and drier conditions will likely exacerbate limits to heat dissipation, especially for large, heat-sensitive animals.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.