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Figure 6 in Phylogeny and systematics of the Orycteropodidae (Mammalia, Tubulidentata)

Figure 6. Details of the strict consensus tree showing intergeneric relationships. The distribution of the characters supporting node D (Plio–Pleistocene Orycteropus) and node F (Miocene Orycteropus) in the strict consensus tree is highlighted. The numbered boxes indicate character state changes: homoplasies are represented by white boxes; apomorphies are represented by black boxes; character states derived and unique in the ingroup (apomorphies within Orycteropodidae), but convergent or plesiomorphic when compared with the outgroup are represented by striped boxes; and unknown character states are represented by dashed boxes. The character state is given underneath the box.

Figure 24 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Asian Paraleucophenga Hendel (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Figure 24. Phylogenetic trees deduced from the ND2 sequences. A, strict consensus tree of two equally parsimonious trees (677 steps). B, maximum likelihood (ML) tree. Numbers to the left of nodes in (A) and (B) indicate bootstrap proportions (%) of maximum parsimony (MP) and ML methods, respectively; those to the right of nodes in (B) indicate the Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP).

Figures 20–23. 20, 21 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Asian Paraleucophenga Hendel (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Figures 20–23. 20, 21, Paraleucophenga longiseta sp. nov. ♂; 22, 23, Paraleucophenga tanydactylia sp. nov. ♂. 20, 22, epandrium, cercus, and surstylus; 21, 23, hypandrium, paramere, gonopod, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 16–19. 16, 17 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Asian Paraleucophenga Hendel (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Figures 16–19. 16, 17, Paraleucophenga brevipenis sp. nov. ♂; 18, 19, Paraleucophenga hirtipenis sp. nov. ♂. 16, 18, epandrium (epand), cercus (cerc) and surstylus (sur); 17, 19, hypandrium (hypd), paramere (pm), gonopod (gon), aedeagus (aed), and aedeagal apodeme (aed a). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 9–15 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Asian Paraleucophenga Hendel (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Figures 9–15. Abdominal fifth sternite in males. 9, Paraleucophenga argentosa (Okada, 1956); 10, Paraleucophenga emeiensis Sidorenko, 1998; 11, Paraleucophenga javana Okada, 1988; 12, Paraleucophenga brevipenis sp. nov.; 13, Paraleucophenga hirtipenis sp. nov.; 14, Paraleucophenga longiseta sp. nov.; 15, Paraleucophenga tanydactylia sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 1–8 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Asian Paraleucophenga Hendel (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Figures 1–8. Abdominal tergite patterns in males. 1, Paraleucophenga argentosa (Okada, 1956); 2, Paraleucophenga emeiensis Sidorenko, 1998; 3, Paraleucophenga invicta (Walker, 1857); 4, Paraleucophenga javana Okada, 1988; 5, Paraleucophenga shimai Okada, 1988; 6, Paraleucophenga brevipenis sp. nov.; 7, Paraleucophenga longiseta sp. nov.; 8, Paraleucophenga anydactylia sp. nov.

Figure 2 in Morphological and molecular evidence for phylogeny and classification of South American pitvipers, genera Bothrops, Bothriopsis, and Bothrocophias (Serpentes: Viperidae)

Figure 2. Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) 50% majority-rule consensus phylogram, including taxa with morphological data only (analysis 8). The phylogram is derived from an analysis of 2343 bp mitochondrial and 85 gap-weighted or majority-coded morphological characters. The posterior probabilities are shown above nodes; bootstrap values from parsimony analysis of the same data set are shown below nodes (analysis 7). The parsimony analysis shows minor topological differences from the Bayesian analysis; refer to Figure S3 for the parsimony cladogram. Grey circles indicate posterior probabilities of 95 or greater, and bootstrap values of 70 or greater. Dashes indicate support values of less than 50. Letters correspond to the major lineages: A, Bothrocophias clade; B, Bothrops alternatus clade; C, Bothrops neuwiedi + Bothrops jararaca clade; D, Bothriopsis clade; E, Bothrops atrox clade.

Figure 1 in Morphological and molecular evidence for phylogeny and classification of South American pitvipers, genera Bothrops, Bothriopsis, and Bothrocophias (Serpentes: Viperidae)

Figure 1. Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) 50% majority-rule consensus phylogram, excluding taxa with morphological data only (analysis 11). The phylogram is derived from an analysis of 2343 bp of mitochondrial DNA and 85 gap-weighted or majority-coded morphological characters. The posterior probabilities are shown above nodes; bootstrap values from parsimony analysis of the same data set are shown below nodes (analysis 10). The parsimony analysis shows minor topological differences from Bayesian analysis; refer to Figure S1 for parsimony cladogram. Grey circles indicate posterior probabilities of 95 or greater and bootstrap values of 70 or greater. Letters correspond to major lineages: A, Bothrocophias clade; B, Bothrops alternatus clade; C, Bothrops neuwiedi + Bothrops jararaca clade; D, Bothriopsis clade; E, Bothrops atrox clade.

Figure 9 in Biogeography, phylogeny and acoustics of the flightless bush-crickets of the East African genus Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909, with the description of a new species (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)

Figure 9. Male stridulatory file of Monticolaria kilimandjarica (A–C), M. manyara (D–F) and M. meruensis (G–I). A,D,G, overview; B,E,H, details of the file near the wing base; C,F,I large stridulatory teeth (wing base to the right; see text).

Figure 11 in Biogeography, phylogeny and acoustics of the flightless bush-crickets of the East African genus Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909, with the description of a new species (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)

Figure 11. Distribution of Phaneropterinae taxa in montanous areas of East Africa morphologically related to Monticolaria.

Figure 7 in Biogeography, phylogeny and acoustics of the flightless bush-crickets of the East African genus Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909, with the description of a new species (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)

Figure 7. Spectrum of the song of Monticolaria kilimandjarica, high pass filtered at 4 kHz. Black line: song recorded with Genrad 1988 in the laboratory. Grey: song recorded with Pettersson D1000X in the field; peak at about 5–10 kHz from Aerotegmina kilimandjarica, at 40–45 kHz from Amytta olindo, both singing simultaneously.

Figure 6 in Biogeography, phylogeny and acoustics of the flightless bush-crickets of the East African genus Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909, with the description of a new species (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)

Figure 6. Song of Monticolaria kilimandjarica. A–F: calling song. A, field recording; B–F, laboratory recording; G, H, rivalry song? (see text).

Figure 4 in Biogeography, phylogeny and acoustics of the flightless bush-crickets of the East African genus Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909, with the description of a new species (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)

Figure 4. Lateral view on fastigium verticis of male: A, M. manyara; B, M. kilimandjaric; C, M. meruensis. Abdominal apices of male: D, M. manyara; E, M. kilimandjarica; and F, M. meruensis. Lateral view of abdominal apex of female: G, M. manyara; H, M. kilimandjarica; I, M. meruensis (scale bars represent 2 mm).

Figure 1 in Biogeography, phylogeny and acoustics of the flightless bush-crickets of the East African genus Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909, with the description of a new species (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)

Figure 1. Molecular phylogeny of Monticolaria species based on DNA sequences from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Bootstrap values (1000 replicates) at nodes in the order: distance, ML, MP. '*' for nodes not resolved.

Figure 5. A, Male M in Biogeography, phylogeny and acoustics of the flightless bush-crickets of the East African genus Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909, with the description of a new species (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)

Figure 5. A, Male M. manyara; B, habitat of M. manyara: strongly disturbed montane forest on the southern slopes of Mt. Hanang; C, female M. kilimandjarica; D, male M. kilimandjarica.

Figure 2 in Phylogeny of sex-determining mechanisms in squamate reptiles: are sex chromosomes an evolutionary trap?

Figure 2. Phylogenetic reconstruction of sex-determining mechanisms in squamate reptiles based on the molecular tree according to Townsend et al. (2004). For details see legend to Figure 1.

Figure 3 in Phylogeny of sex-determining mechanisms in squamate reptiles: are sex chromosomes an evolutionary trap?

Figure 3. Phylogenetic reconstruction of sex-determining mechanisms in squamate reptiles based on the molecular tree according to Vidal & Hedges (2005). For details see legend to Figure 1.

Figure 24 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 24. Bosmina (Eubosmina) tanakai sp. nov.: adult male from Ichiyanagi Numa Pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. A, antenna II; B, distal anterior seta; C–E, limb I; F, tip of copulatory hook; G, subdistal lobe in distal view. Scale bars: 100 Mm.

Figure 22 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 22. Bosmina (Eubosmina) tanakai sp. nov.: female from Ichiyanagi Numa Pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan (A, D–G), and from Konuma (B) and Kussharo (C), Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. A–C, body outline of large adult; D, E, postabdonem of large adult; F, midgut with loops of an atypical specimen; G, juvenile female. Scale bars: 100 Mm.

Figure 21 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 21. Bosmina (Eubosmina) tanakai sp. nov.: ephippial female from Ichiyanagi Numa Pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. A, lateral view; B, head, lateral view; C, D, head, anterior view; E, F, region of lateral head pore; G, setae at anteroventral portion of valve; H, I, mucro, inner view. Scale bars: 100 Mm.