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FIGURE 9 in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 9. Lamproderma columbinum (Pers.) Rostaf. A. Sporocarp (note relatively massive stalk and small sporotheca). B. Open sporocarp with visible whitish capillitium. C. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light (note massive columella). D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spore by SEM. G. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A–B = 1 mm, C = 200 μm, D–F = 10 μm, G = 3 μm. A, D–E: coll. DTK 4824, B, F–G: coll. DTK 4826, C: coll. DTK 8055.
FIGURE 10. Lamproderma disseminatum Kowalski. A in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 10. Lamproderma disseminatum Kowalski. A. Sporocarps (note dominating silvery colours). B. Capillitium details in transmitted light. C. Peridium in transmitted light (note characteristic brown pattern). D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spore by SEM. G. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note warts covered with tiny wartlets). Bars: A = 1 mm, B–C = 25 μm, D–F = 10 μm, G = 3 μm. A–G: coll. DTK 2863.
FIGURE 8. Lamproderma biasperosporum Kowalski. A in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 8. Lamproderma biasperosporum Kowalski. A. Sporocarp (note small size). B. Open sporocarp with visible whitish capillitium and collar at the base of the sporotheca. C. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spore by SEM. G. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C = 200 μm, D–E = 10 μm, F = 5 μm, G = 2 μm. A: coll. DTK 6418, B: coll. DTK 7311, C–E: coll. DTK 7456, F–G: coll. DTK 6418.
FIGURE 7. Lamproderma argenteobrunneum A in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 7. Lamproderma argenteobrunneum A. Ronikier, Lado & Mar. Mey. A. Sporocarp (note dominating brown colours). B. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. C. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). D. Spores in transmitted light (top view). E. Spore by SEM. F. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A = 1 mm, B = 500 μm, C–E = 10 μm, F = 3 μm. A: coll. DTK 9361, B: coll. DTK 9576, C–D: coll. DTK 8630, E–F: coll. Lado 6762 (holotype).
FIGURE 16. Lamproderma aff. ovoideum Meyl. A in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 16. Lamproderma aff. ovoideum Meyl. A. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and numerous colour reflections). B. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). C. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spore by SEM. G. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A–B = 1 mm, C = 500 μm, D–F = 10 μm, G = 3 μm. A–B, F–G: coll. DTK 6361, C–E: coll. DTK 6237.
FIGURE 23 in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 23. Meriderma sp. A. Sporocarps. B. Open sporocarp. C. Funnel-shaped capillitium tip in transmitted light. D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spore by SEM. G. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A–B = 1 mm, C–F = 10 μm, G = 3 μm. A, C: coll. DTK 6551, B: coll. DTK 3281, D–E: coll. DTK 6164, F–G: coll. DTK 6822.
FIGURE 3. Diacheopsis kowalskii Mar. Mey. & Poulain. A in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 3. Diacheopsis kowalskii Mar. Mey. & Poulain. A. Sporocarps (note bronze colours and needle-like crystals). B. Bi-coloured capillitium in transmitted light. C. Capillitium by SEM (note flattened elements forming reticulum). D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spore by SEM. G—details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A = 1 mm, B–C = 50 μm, D–F = 10 μm, G = 3 μm. A: coll. DTK 6794, B–G: coll. DTK 8356.
FIGURE 1 in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 1. List of species identified: left column—original identifications by Kowalski (1970a), right column—updated list of species after revision of examined collections. Green—identification of all specimens confirmed, yellow—identification of all specimens corrected, blue—some misidentifications noted (the species present before and after revision, but based on different collections), grey—collection too scanty for a proper identification to species. Dotted line—species noted as admixture to another species.
FIGURE 4 in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 4. Diacheopsis sp. A. Plasmodiocarps. B. Capillitium in transmitted light. C. Capillitium by SEM (note uniform threads with anastomoses). D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spores by SEM. G–I. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note warts covered with wartlets and connected by a reticulum). Bars: A = 1 mm, B–C = 50 μm, D–F = 10 μm, G = 3 μm, H–I—1 μm. A–I: coll. DTK 4093.
FIGURE 15. Lamproderma ovoideum Meyl. A in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 15. Lamproderma ovoideum Meyl. A. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and domination of brown colours). B. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). C. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spore by SEM. G. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A–B = 1 mm, C = 500 μm, D–F = 10 μm, G = 3 μm. A–G: coll. DTK 8401.
FIGURE 14. Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum Mar. Mey. & Poulain A–B in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 14. Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum Mar. Mey. & Poulain A–B. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and numerous colour reflections). C. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). D. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. E. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). F. Spores in transmitted light (top view). G. Spore by SEM. H. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note long baculae with uneven apices). Bars: A–C = 1 mm, D = 500 μm, E–G = 10 μm, H = 3 μm. A–B, D–H: coll. DTK 6147, C: coll. DTK 6223.
FIGURE 6. Lamproderma arcyrionema Rostaf. A in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 6. Lamproderma arcyrionema Rostaf. A. Sporocarp (note long stalk and golden colours). B. Open sporocarp with visible collar at the base of the sporotheca. C. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light (note dark brown capillitium originating from the top of the columella by primary branches). D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores (top view, note groups of larger warts). F. Spores by SEM. G. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A–B = 1 mm, C = 100 μm, D–E = 10 μm, F = 5 μm, G—2 μm. A: coll. DTK 8878, B–G: coll. DTK 8883.
FIGURE 19. Lamproderma sauteri var. atrogriseum Meyl. A. Sporocarps. B. Open sporocarp. C in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 19. Lamproderma sauteri var. atrogriseum Meyl. A. Sporocarps. B. Open sporocarp. C. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spore by SEM. G. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A–B = 1 mm, C = 500 μm, D–F = 10 μm, G = 3 μm. A, C: coll. DTK 7073, B, F–G: coll. DTK 7116, D–E: coll. DTK 7145.
FIGURE 18. Lamproderma retirugisporum G. Moreno, H. Singer, C. Illana et A in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 18. Lamproderma retirugisporum G. Moreno, H. Singer, C. Illana et A. Sánchez A. Sporocarps. B. Open sporocarp. C. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light (note few anastomoses). D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spore by SEM. G. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A–B = 1 mm, C = 500 μm, D–F = 10 μm, G = 3 μm. A–G: coll. DTK 7072.
FIGURE 12. Lamproderma kowalskii A in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 12. Lamproderma kowalskii A. Ronikier, Lado & Mar. Mey. A. Sporocarp (note dominating brown colours). B. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. C. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). D. Spores in transmitted light (top view). E. Spore by SEM. F. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A = 1 mm, B = 500 μm, C–E = 10 μm, F = 3 μm. A, E–F: coll. DTK 6408 (holotypus), B–D: coll. DTK 6161.
FIGURE 11 in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 11. Lamproderma echinosporum Meyl.. A. Sporocarps (note blackish brown depressed patches on the peridium surface and relatively long stalks). B. Capillitium, columella and peridium in transmitted light (note brown patches visible on the peridium). C. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). D. Spores in transmitted light (top view). E. Spore by SEM. F. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A = 1 mm, B = 500 μm, C–E = 10 μm, G = 3 μm. A: coll. DTK 3496, B: coll. DTK 8386, C–F: coll. DTK 6275.
FIGURE 20 in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 20. Lamproderma scintillans (Berk. & Broome) Morgan A–B. Sporocarps. C. Open sporocarp. D. Details of columella and capillitium in transmitted light (note hyaline capillitium threads near columella). E. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). F. Spores in transmitted light (top view). G. Spore by SEM. H. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A–C = 500 μm, D = 100 μm, E–G = 10 μm, H = 3 μm. A: coll. DTK 5020, B–F: coll. DTK 4223, G–H: coll. DTK 4777.
Can sensory drive explain the evolution of visual signal diversity in terrestrial species? A test with Anolis lizards
<p>Animal signal colors evolve to efficiently stimulate conspecific visual systems. The sensory drive hypothesis proposes that species differences in habitat light conditions favor the evolution of color diversity. The strongest support comes from aquatic systems, while terrestrial systems offer fewer convincing examples. Anolis lizards occupy diverse habitats and signal with a colorful dewlap. Dewlap visibility depends on perceived chromatic contrast with the background. Visual-system modeling has shown that red dewlaps are most visible in most habitat types. However, a majority of species possess white or yellow dewlaps. In a recent behavioral study we showed that low light conditions can sometimes make yellow and white colors more visible, by altering chromatic contrast perception with the background. Using 17 Caribbean Anolis species we showed that cut-on wavelength, a measure of dewlap color in a white-to-red continuum, correlates with habitat light intensity. Pairwise comparisons revealed that red dewlaps are most visible in bright habitats, whereas yellow and white are more visible in darker habitats. We conclude that sensory drive has contributed to the evolution of dewlap color differences through the interactive effects of total habitat light intensity and chromatic contrast perception and may provide a mechanism for speciation among anoles.</p>
Linking genetic diversity and species diversity through plant-soil feedback
<p>Genetic diversity and species diversity are typically studied in isolation despite theory showing they likely influence one another. Here, we used simplified communities of one or two populations of one or two species to test whether linkages between genetic and species diversity can be mediated by interactions between plants and their soil microbiota, or microbe-mediated plant-soil feedback (PSF). Interspecific PSF promotes the maintenance of species diversity when plants grow better with heterospecific soil microbes than with conspecific microbes. Similarly, intraspecific PSF promotes the maintenance of genetic diversity when plants grow better with heterogenotypic than with congenotypic microbes. In a two-generation greenhouse experiment, we conditioned the soil microbial community with pairs of plants that were either two individuals of the same species (lower species diversity) or one individual of each of two species (higher species diversity), and with pairs of plants that were either two individuals from the same population (lower genetic diversity) or one individual from each of two populations (higher genetic diversity). We then tested the effects of these microbial communities on plant growth in a second generation. We found that higher genetic diversity reduced the ability of interspecific PSF to promote plant species diversity, and for one of our two study species, higher species diversity reduced the ability of intraspecific PSF to promote plant genetic diversity. If these patterns occur in more diverse communities, then our results suggest that PSF may dampen the negative effects of diversity loss by promoting diversity at other levels of biological organization.</p>
Taxonomy based on limited genomic markers may underestimates species diversity of rockhopper penguins and threaten their conservation
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Delimiting recently diverged species is challenging. During speciation, genetic differentiation may be distributed unevenly across the genome, as different genomic regions can be subject to different selective pressures and evolutionary histories. Reliance on limited numbers of genetic markers that may be underpowered can make species delimitation even more challenging, potentially resulting in taxonomic inconsistencies. Rockhopper penguins of the genus <i>Eudyptes</i> comprise three broadly recognized taxa: northern (<i>E. moseleyi</i>), southern (<i>E. chrysocome</i>), and eastern rockhopper (<i>E. filholi</i>). Their taxonomic status has been controversial for decades, with researchers disagreeing about whether <i>E. chrysocome</i> and <i>E. filholi</i>are distinct species or conspecific. Our goal is to evaluate genome-wide patterns of divergence to evaluate genetic differentiation and species delimitation in<i> </i>rockhopper penguins<i>, </i>and to assess which mechanisms may underlie previous discordance among nuclear versus mitochondrial analyses. We generated reduced-representation genomic libraries using Double Digest Restriction-site Associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to evaluate genetic differentiation, contemporary migration rates and admixture among colonies of rockhopper penguins. The extent of genetic differentiation among the three taxa was consistently higher than population-level genetic differentiation found within these and other penguin species. There was no evidence of admixture among the three taxa, suggesting the absence of ongoing gene flow among them. Species delimitation analyses based on molecular data, along with other lines of evidence, provide strong support for the taxonomic distinction of three species of rockhopper penguins. Our results provide strong support for the existence of three distinct species of rockhopper penguins. The recognition of this taxonomic diversity is crucial for the management and conservation of this widely distributed species group. This study illustrates that widespread dispersive seabird lineages lacking obvious morphological differences may nevertheless have complex evolutionary histories and comprise cryptic species diversity. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.