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4,028 results for “Mammalia”
Fig. 1 in The Subspecies Of Myotis Montivagus - Taxonomic Revision And Species Limits (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Fig. 1. Measuringpointsoftheanteorbitalbridge (AOB).
Functional niche constraints on carnivore assemblages (mammalia: carnivora) in the Americas: What facilitates coexistence through space and time?
<p><b>Aim:</b> Mammalian carnivores are among the best studied groups in terms of evolutionary history. However, the effects of species interactions in shaping community assemblages remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that indirect interactions via ecological trait filtering play a key role in structuring carnivoran assemblages, mediate coexistence, and thus should show high functional diversity in space and time at continental scales.</p> <p><b>Location:</b> Americas.</p> <p><b>Taxon:</b> Mammalian carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We followed a macroecological perspective via ecological networks analyses for indirect interactions, and assessed the underlying functional diversity (FD) across space and from the Last Interglacial to the present in the Americas. We analyzed the potential distributions and six ecological traits of 88 species to establish possible mechanisms that enables species to coexist and the underlying diversity patterns. We compared the empirical results with two null models, and two sensitivity analyses.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Co-occurring carnivore species presented ecological segregation driven mainly by a size ratio (S <sub>R</sub>) relationship, called here the body-size spatial anti-clustering effect. The underlying FD patterns showed low redundancy towards the tropics and the poles during the times evaluated. However, during the LGM, shifts occurred primarily at high latitudes in North America. This shift affected the S <sub>R</sub> relationship and therefore changed functional diversity patterns. These local-to-continental interactions mediated by the S <sub>R</sub> are significant from an ecological and biogeographic perspective, suggesting a robust and consistent trend in which carnivore species of similar size have a lower probability of occupying the same area unless they differentiate in other ecological trait spaces.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> The S <sub>R</sub> relationship is potentially a primary mechanism limiting carnivore coexistence, reflecting functional filtering. The S <sub>R</sub> tends to be conservative across different ecological trait groups and through time and space. We propose that the body-size spatial anti-clustering effect can directly measure species' coexistence and mediate FD patterns in the Americas.</p>
FIG. 21 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 21. — Lumbar vertebrae of GT 50'06 (dorsal view). Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 17 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 17. — Muscular insertions on the left tibia GT 50'06. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 7 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 7. — Right lower cheek tooth row of GT 50'06 (p4-m3, occlusal view). Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 3 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 3. — Skeleton of Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (GT 50'06) in situ when discovered.
FIG. 19 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 19. — Rib cage GT 50'06. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 20 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 20. — Cervical vertebrae of GT 50'06: A, Ventral view; B, Dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 2 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 2. — GT Carrière, at the base of the dune, the green clay levels yielded the fossils.
FIG. 22 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 22. — Caudal vertebrae of GT 50'06 (dorsal view).
FIG. 8 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 8. — Views of the skull GT 50'06 before cleaning. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Fig. 2 in Road Mortality Of Carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora) In Belarus
Fig. 2. The species composition of carnivorous mammals died on roads in Belarus, 2007–2018.
Fig. 1 in Road Mortality Of Carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora) In Belarus
Fig. 1. The study area of 100×100 km in Central Western Belarus.
Fig. 2. Armenian birch mouse, 12 July 2015 in Rediscovery Of Armenian Birch Mouse, Sicista Armenica (Mammalia, Rodentia, Sminthidae)
Fig. 2. Armenian birch mouse, 12 July 2015, Sevan Pass, Armenia (photo by AM).
Data from: Olfaction written in bone: cribriform plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia
The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy, and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORG), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odor perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSNs axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the cribriform plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared when body size effects were accounted for. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and reexamining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons, and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis) we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid.
FIG. 1 in New material of Incadelphys antiquus (Pucadelphyda, Metatheria, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia reveals phylogenetic affinities with enigmatic North and South American metatherians
FIG. 1. — Dental terminology (redrawn and modified from Davis 2007).
Text-fig. 10. CUWM 68, left m/3 of Nguruwe kijivium from Moghara, Egypt. in New Suoid Fossils (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) From The Miocene Of Moghara, Egypt, And Gebel Zelten, Libya: Biochronological Implications
Text-fig. 10. CUWM 68, left m/3 of Nguruwe kijivium from Moghara, Egypt.
Text-fig. 1. CUWM 40, palate of Diamantohyus africanus from Moghara, Egypt, stereo occlusal view. in New Suoid Fossils (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) From The Miocene Of Moghara, Egypt, And Gebel Zelten, Libya: Biochronological Implications
Text-fig. 1. CUWM 40, palate of Diamantohyus africanus from Moghara, Egypt, stereo occlusal view.
Figure 2 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 2. Relative frequencies of social activities presented by free-living (Grey) and captive individuals (Black): (A) Affiliative behaviours and (B) Agonistic behaviours. We observed 10 different types of social behaviour, which occurred under both captivity and free-living conditions.
Figure 4 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 4. Captivity reduces agonistic interactions and does not change affiliative interactions. (A) Median and quartiles of the frequency of affiliative (A) and agonistic (B) behaviours presented by captive and free-living groups of S. libidinosus, separated by sex.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.