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Fig. 17. Mesofemora. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 17. Mesofemora. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. Note the sexual dimorphism in the presence of a long row of setae on the posterior edge of the male mesofemur. C‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. Detail of posterior region of metafemora. E. ♂. F. ♀. Note the strong alveolar microsculpture present near the posterior edge in males and the high concentration of umbilicate punctures in the same region in females.
Fig. 16. Protibiae. A‒B. Lateral view. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 16. Protibiae. A‒B. Lateral view. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the how the protibia of S. opatroides is much more curved than that of S. punctatus. C. Frontal view of the protibia of S. punctatus. Note the presence of a protibial spur.
Fig. 19. Posterior legs. A in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 19. Posterior legs. A. Metacoxa of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Arrow shows the lateral spur present in both sexes of both species. Note also that the spur covers the epipleura and possibly maintains the elytra pressed against the body, thus avoiding loss of water or the entry of sediment beneath the elytra in a similar way to that hypothesized for the metanepisternal tab of the Phanaeini and other tunneller groups (Edmonds 1972; Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello 2016). B‒E. Metafemora and metatrochanters. B‒C. S. opatroides. B. ♂. C. ♀. D‒E. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). D. ♂. E. ♀. Note the strong sexual dimorphism and the many differences between the species.
Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 13. Venter. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Hypomeron. B. Mesoventrite and anterior region of metaventrite. C‒F. Metaventrite and abdomen. C‒D. S. opatroides. C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒F. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). E. ♂. F. ♀. Note in particular the distinction between the species and sexes in the shape of the concavity of the posterior region of the metaventrite.
Fig. 15. Protibiae. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 15. Protibiae. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. E‒H. Ventral view. E‒F. S. opatroides. E. ♂. F. ♀. G‒H. S. punctatus. G. ♂. H. ♀. Notice the many differences between the species and sexes, in particular the presence of a protibial spur in males of S. punctatus (and its absence in S. opatroides) and the different shapes of the spurs and of the lateral teeth in females of the two species.
Fig. 11 in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 11. Labium of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874 (left palpus removed). A. Ventral view (aboral surface). B. Dorsal view (oral surface). C. Lateral view. D. Removed left palpus. Note the unusual shape of the palpus, with the basal palpomere remarkably enlarged. Abbreviations: gl = glossa; glf = glossal flap; lbpl = labial palp; lshpx = lateral hypopharyngeal sclerite; mt = mentum; pmts = premental sclerite; shp = suspensorium of hypopharynx; vapmts = ventral angles of premental sclerites.
Fig. 4 in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 4. Distribution of Streblopus van Lansberge, 1874. Note how the two species are widely separated by the vast South American Dry Diagonal stretching between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest. During several different times over the Neogene, forest corridors connected the two biomes and the populations of Streblopus could move from one to the other. When the forest retreated, the distribution of the genus became relict.
Fig. 10 in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 10. Maxillae of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Dorsal view with extended lacinia. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view. Abbreviations: car = cardo; darsgal = dorsal articular sclerite of galea; gal = galea; lac = lacinia; mxpl = maxillary palpus; prcar = articular process of cardo; ss1–4 = stipal sclerite 1–4; varsgal = ventral articular sclerite of galea.
Fig. 6. Head. A‒B. Clypeal process. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 6. Head. A‒B. Clypeal process. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. Ventral view of head, S. opatroides.
Fig. 8. Labrum. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 8. Labrum. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. Aboral surface (dorsal view). B. Oral surface (ventral view; epipharynx). C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. Aboral surface. D. Oral surface. Note the many differences between the two species, particularly the much denser and shorter setation of the median area in S. punctatus, the much longer median brush of S. opatroides and the dissimilarities in the shape of the anterior epypharingeal margin. The black arrow shows the anterior margin of the labrum, while the red arrow indicates the anterolateral region. Abbreviations: afr = apical fringe of labrum; ampr = antero-median process of labral suspensorium; lf = lateral files; mbr = medial brush of labrum; pmpr = postero-median process of labral suspensorium; ppm = proplegmatium; ssma = socketed setae of median area; topr = tormal process of labral suspensorium.
Fig. 9 in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 9. Mandibles of Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒B. Ventral view. A. Left mandible. B. Right mandible. C. Lateral view of right mandible. Abbreviations: apmm = apodemes of mandibular muscles; cmb = comb of incisor lobe of mandible; conj = conjunctivus of mandible; inlb = incisor lobe of mandible; mac = mandibular acetabulum; molb = molar lobe of mandible.
Fig. 7. Antennae. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 7. Antennae. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the differences between the two species concerning the colour of the apical flagellomeres and the number and shape of the articles. In S. punctatus, the suppression of arthrogenesis between ancestral articles III and IV has resulted in a reduction of the total number of antennomeres from 9 to 8.
Fig. 2 in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 2. Geographical variation in Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. Individuals from a few localities in southeast Bahia (Maraú and Uruçuca) have a different ventral colouration from individuals belonging to other populations, being much darker and not showing the typical red metallic colouration seen in specimens from other localities in Bahia and Espírito Santo.
Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 5. Head. A‒D. Dorsal view. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note how the emargination of the apex of the clypeus varies between the species and sexes, being greater in males of S. opatroides than in males of S. punctatus and females of both sexes. E‒F. Lateral view. E. S. opatroides. F. S. punctatus. Red arrow indicates the canthus. Observe that the canthus is much longer in S. opatroides than in S. punctatus.
Data from: Estimating dispersal and evolutionary dynamics in diploporan blastozoans (Echinodermata) across the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
<p><b>Echinoderms make up a substantial component of Ordovician marine invertebrates, yet their speciation and dispersal history as inferred within a rigorous phylogenetic and statistical framework is lacking. We use Biogeographic Stochastic Mapping (BSM; implemented in the R package BioGeoBEARS) to infer ancestral area relationships and the number and type of dispersal events through the Ordovician for diploporan blastozoans and related species. The BSM analysis was divided into three time slices to analyze how dispersal paths changed before and during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) and within the Late Ordovician mass extinction intervals. The best-fit biogeographical model incorporated jump dispersal, indicating this was an important speciation strategy. Reconstructed areas within the phylogeny indicate the first diploporan blastozoans likely originated within Baltica or Gondwana. Dispersal, jump dispersal, and sympatry dominated the BSM inference through the Ordovician, while dispersal paths varied in time. Long-distance dispersal events in the Early Ordovician indicate distance was not a significant predictor of dispersal, whereas increased dispersal events between Baltica and Laurentia are apparent during the GOBE, indicating these areas were important to blastozoan speciation. During the Late Ordovician, there is an increase in dispersal events among all paleocontinents. The drivers of dispersal are attributed to oceanic and epicontinental currents. Speciation events plotted against geochemical data indicate that blastozoans may not have responded to climate cooling events and other geochemical perturbations, but additional data will continue to shed light into the drivers of early Paleozoic blastozoan speciation and dispersal patterns.</b></p>
Increased importance of terrestrial vertebrate seed dispersal in tropical logged forests
<b>Description: </b><p>A large seed dispersal experiement combining seed tracking and camera trapping at ten forest sites along a wide gradient of historical logging disturbance with AGB ranging between 4.7 and 614.0 Mg ha-1, all part of the established SAFE mammal survey network. Each experiment was run for a consecutive five days using experimental seeds with different hardness (fleshy vs hard) and size (large vs small). Each seed was tracked with a spool.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/177"><b>Resilience of Tropical Forest Ecosystem Processes to the Interactive Effects of El Nino and Forest Disturbance</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>Natural Environment Research Council (Directed grant, NE/P00363X/1, <a href="https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP00363X%2F1">https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP00363X%2F1</a>)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3901735">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: template_seed_experiment_LanQieJan9_v2.xlsx</p><p><b>template_seed_experiment_LanQieJan9_v2.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Seed fate</b> (described in worksheet Seed fate)</p><p>Description: seed fate and removal distance of 12000 experimental seeds of different treatments at all sites</p><p>Number of fields: 14</p><p>Number of data rows: 12000</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>seed.id</b>: Seed ID (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Grid</b>: Experimental site ID, with the same Grid identifier used in the core SAFE project small mammal trapping work -- see SAFE dataset 256 "CORE SAFE PROJECT SMALL MAMMAL TRAPPING DATA" (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Point</b>: experimental points, selected from the camera trap points in SAFE gazetteer (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Day</b>: The day of the seed outcome. Each experimental point was set up on Day 1 and checked on Day 2-6. This numeric variable is used for temporal analysis. For treating Day as a random effect, an additional "date" label can be created by pasting Grid and Day. (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>type</b>: Experiment seed type. OP = oil palm fruit, PK1 = single pumpkin seed, PK10 = pumpkin seed cluster of 10, PK20 = pumpkin seed cluster of 20, PT = pistachio nut. For analysis, these were classified as fleshy (OP) vs hard (other seeds), and large (> 10 g; OP, PK10, PK20) vs small (< 10 g; PT, PK1). (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>trmt</b>: Experiment treatment. Control = seeds accessible by all animals, Cage = exclosure cage treatment with 10x10cm entrances where large vertebrates were excluded (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Seed removal distance (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Bearing</b>: Compass bearing of the removed seed from experimental point (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Location</b>: Location of removed seed. Free text can be grouped into categories for analysis. (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>fate</b>: Seed fate. Untouched = intact and not moved. Uneaten = removed but uneaten (dispersed). Eaten = eaten or partially eaten. Unknown = seed dragged into burrows, nests or up trees with seed fate unknown, presumed eaten in analsysis to be conservative about seed dispersal (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Day.3</b>: Fate of dispersed seeds on subsequent days, Day.3 - Day.6, where applicable, e.g. a seed dispersed on Day 4 would only be monitored on Day 5 and Day 6. Also, not all dispersed seeds could be practically monitored. (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Day.4</b>: Fate of dispersed seeds on subsequent days, Day.3 - Day.6, where applicable, e.g. a seed dispersed on Day 4 would only be monitored on Day 5 and Day 6. Also, not all dispersed seeds could be practically monitored. (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Day.5</b>: Fate of dispersed seeds on subsequent days, Day.3 - Day.6, where applicable, e.g. a seed dispersed on Day 4 would only be monitored on Day 5 and Day 6. Also, not all dispersed seeds could be practically monitored. (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Day.6</b>: Fate of dispersed seeds on subsequent days, Day.3 - Day.6, where applicable, e.g. a seed dispersed on Day 4 would only be monitored on Day 5 and Day 6. Also, not all dispersed seeds could be practically monitored. (Field type: categorical)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Camera trap records</b> (described in worksheet Camera trap records)</p><p>Description: For each visit to seed experiment by animals recorded by camera traps, we recorded the functional group (large vertebrate or small vertebrate) and seed activity (eating or moving)</p><p>Number of fields: 12</p><p>Number of data rows: 2594</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Grid</b>: Experimental site ID, with the same Grid identifier used in the core SAFE project small mammal trapping work -- see SAFE dataset 256 "CORE SAFE PROJECT SMALL MAMMAL TRAPPING DATA" (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Point</b>: experimental points, selected from the camera trap points in SAFE gazetteer (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Day</b>: The day of the camera trap record. Each experimental point was set up on Day 1 and checked on Day 2-6. This numeric variable is used for temporal analysis. For treating Day as a random effect, an additional "date" label can be created by pasting Grid and Day. (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>trmt</b>: Experiment treatment. Control = seeds accessible by all animals, Cage = exclosure cage treatment with 10x10cm entrances where large vertebrates were excluded (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>func.group</b>: functional group of the seed visitor (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>animal.comment</b>: animal species if possible to identify on photos, with some level of uncertainty (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>visit.number</b>: visit number of the apparent repeated visits by the same animal, with some level of uncertainty (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>PIT.tag</b>: the PIT tag number of tagged animals entering cage, detected by the antenna and recorded by the data logger (Field type: id)</li><li><b>estimated.body.size</b>: body size estimate from photos, in mm, with some level of uncertainty (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>activity</b>: observed interaction with seeds, with details in the next column. For analysis, "investigate" was not considered an active interaction. (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>activity.comment</b>: detailed comments on the activity (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>seed.type</b>: the seed type(s) interacted with, if possible to determine, with some level of uncertainty (Field type: categorical)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2017-03-01 to 2017-10-31</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6881 to 4.7519</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9633 to 117.5934</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Chordata <br> -  -  -  Mammalia <br> -  -  -  -  Rodentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys surifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys rajah</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys muelleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus exulans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys whiteheadi</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Maxomys whiteheadi</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys sabanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sciuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus notatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus adamsi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus lowii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus tenuis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus hippurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinosciurus laticaudatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hystricidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix brachyura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix crassispinis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Scandentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tupaiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia tana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia glis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia minor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia dorsalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Artiodactyla <br> -  -  -  -  -  Suidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus barbatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tragulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus napu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Erinaceomorpha <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erinaceidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex gymnura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Carnivora <br> -  -  -  -  -  Viverridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra tangalunga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma larvata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ursidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos malayanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mustelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes flavigula</i> <br> -  -  -  Reptilia <br> -  -  -  -  Squamata <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gekkonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scincidae <br> -  -  -  Aves <br> -  -  -  -  Columbiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Columbidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcophaps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Galliformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Phasianidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lophura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lophura ignita</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Argusianus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Argusianus argus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Passeriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pellorneidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacocincla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacocincla malaccensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron affine</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum capistratum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muscicapidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichixos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichixos pyrropygus</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Copsychus pyrropygus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus leschenaulti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus stricklandii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus stricklandii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus malabaricus</i> <br> -  -  -  Amphibia <br> -  -  -  -  Anura <br> -  -  Arthropoda <br> -  -  -  Arachnida <br> -  -  -  -  Araneae <br> -  -  -  Malacostraca <br> -  -  -  -  Decapoda <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Lepidoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nymphalidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Danaus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Danaus plexippus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Lepidoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nymphalidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Danaus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Danaus plexippus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  Phasmida <br> -  -  -  -  Orthoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Grasshooper <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gryllidae <br> -  -  -  -  Hymenoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Formicidae <br> -  -  Annelida <br> -  -  -  Clitellata <br> -  -  -  -  Arhynchobdellida <br> -  -  -  -  -  Haemadipsidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haemadipsa</i> <br> -  -  Mollusca <br> -  -  -  Gastropoda <br></div><p></p>
Wavelet Domain Compensation of Frequency Dispersion of UWB Electromagnetic Waves for Time-Reversal Imaging (dataset)
<p>These files are the simulation data used to create the figures illustrated in the relevant journal paper. Each filename indicates which figure number it relates to. These files are text files. The first row in each file describes the content of each of its columns.</p> <p> </p>
Palm-primate interactions: Number of palm species and palm species identity in primate diets according to region (Africa, Asia, Madagascar, Neotropics); Parts of palm species consumed by primates according to region; palm species of high importance in primate diets according to region; palm seed dispersal by primates according to region
<p>We compiled data on palms in the diets of primates and on palm seed dispersal by primates to criticially discuss the hypothesis by Onstein et al. 2020 (Proc R Soc B) that "the interactions between primates and palms are related to the co-evolutionary dynamics of primate colour vision systems and palm fruit colours". Our copilation of data on interactions between palms and primates suggests that the mutualism-dependent co-diversification scenario deployed by Onstein et al. is not supported in view of the low<br> level of extant primate-palm interactions in Africa.</p>
Data from: Integrating palaeontological and molecular data uncovers multiple ancient and recent dispersals in the pantropical Hamamelidaceae
Aim: The integration of palaeontological and phylogenetic data can improve our understanding in the spatio-temporal evolutionary processes of living organisms. However, how best to use fossil data in divergence time estimation and ancestral range reconstruction remains challenging. Here, we integrated palaeontological and molecular data to investigate the historical biogeography of Hamamelidaceae, a pantropical angiosperm family with abundant fossils outside its present distribution. Location: Global tropical/subtropical areas. Methods: Using seven DNA regions (> 7,500 bp) from plastid and nuclear genomes, we reconstructed a robust phylogenetic framework for Hamamelidaceae with the first complete genus-level sampling. We used the tip-dating method with the 22 fossils to estimate divergence times for the family, and inferred the ancestral range of lineages under the dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model by incorporating the fossils. Results: Our biogeographic analysis indicates that extant Hamamelidaceae most likely originated in tropical Asia during the mid-Cretaceous, and in the family 20 dispersals occurred during three major time intervals: the Upper Cretaceous (c. 93–69 Ma), Paleocene–Eocene (c. 63–39 Ma) and late Oligocene (c. 27–23 Ma). Main conclusions: Overland migrations through available land bridges and island chains may have been mainly responsible for hamamelidaceous range expansions during these three episodes. This study contributes to our knowledge on the assembly and evolution of angiosperm-dominated tropical and subtropical forests.
Figure 5 in Diversity and dispersal history of the talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) of Bermuda
Figure 5. Maximum likelihood tree for DS.TLQPLATO data set. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of DS- TLQPLATO data set using the maximum likelihood method and based on the T92 + G + I model. The log likelihood value of the tree is − 3244.0825. Branch lengths are measured in the number of substitutions per site. Triangles represent compressed clades and bootstrap probabilities are shown on the tree. The origin of the samples is provided beneath the name of the tips.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.