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FIGURE 6. A in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region
FIGURE 6. A. Dorsal view of Paratype 7, specimen QSMI 1693 from Umphang District, Tak Province. B. Dorsal view of Additional Specimen QSMI 1695 from Phop Phra District, Tak Province. Photos by Sjon Hauser.
FIGURE 4. A in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region
FIGURE 4. A. Dorsolateral view of the right side of the head of paratype 2, specimen QSMI 1688, from Umphang District, Tak Province. Photo by Sjon Hauser. B. Lateral view of the left side of the head of specimen QSMI 1694 from Tha Song Yang District, Tak. Photo by Ton Smits. In both specimens there are 2 preoculars, 2 postoculars, 5 temporals 1+2+2 (the lower first posterior temporal much smaller than the upper one), 9 supralabials, the 1st to 4th relatively small and rectangular, the 5th and 6th larger and in contact with the eye, the 8th the largest and in broad contact with the elongated anterior temporal. In addition, the broad, bicolored postocular streak is very similar in both photographs.
FIGURE 17. Paratype 6 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region
FIGURE 17. Paratype 6 of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov., specimen QSMI 1692 from Phop Phra District, Tak Province. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view, showing two partly everted hemipenes. C. Ventral view of the tail. D. Dorsolateral view of head and neck. E. Ventral side of head and neck. Photos by Sjon Hauser.
FIGURE 15. Paratype 4 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region
FIGURE 15. Paratype 4 of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov., specimen QSMI 1690 from Omkoi District, Chiang Mai Province. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view, showing one partly everted hemipenis. C. Upper side of head and neck. D. Ventral side of head and neck. E. Dried skin of body from neck until cloacal plate. F. Details of skin showing dorsal scale row reductions just before midbody from 19 to 17. On the left side the 4th row fuses into the 3th row at level V70 to V71. On the right side this reduction occurs at level V73 to V74 and following an inversion this reduction occurs again at level V78 to V79. Photos by Sjon Hauser.
FIGURE 11. A in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region
FIGURE 11. A. Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov. A1–3: Specimen QSMI 1694 from Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province. Photos by Ton Smits. B. Hebius igneus. B1–3: Specimen QSMI 1713 from Bo Kluea District, Nan Province. Photos by Ton Smits. C. Hebius deschauenseei. C1–2. Specimen SHPC14.05.14-01, a subadult from Doi Suthep, Mueang District, Chiang Mai Province. C3. Subadult DOR specimen SHPC11.06.28-05 Mae Taeng District, Chiang Mai Province. Photos by Sjon Hauser. D. Hebius khasiensis. D1–2. Specimen SHPC11.10.15-05 from Umphang District, Tak Province. D3. Ventral view of specimen SHPC20.06.24-09 from Omkoi District, Chiang Mai Province. Photos by Sjon Hauser. E. Hebius cf. khasiensis. E1–3 Specimen QSMI 1727 from Bo Kluea District, Nan Province. Photos by Ton Smits. F. Hebius bitaeniatus. F1–F3: Specimen QSMI XX- 14.09.29-06 from Mae Wang District, Chiang Mai Province. Photos by Sjon Hauser.
FIGURE 14. Paratype 3 in On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region
FIGURE 14. Paratype 3 of Hebius terrakarenorum sp. nov., specimen QSMI 1689 from Phop Phra District, Tak Province. A. Dorsal view B. Ventral view, showing one everted, damaged hemipenis. C. Upper side of head and neck. D. Ventral side of head and neck. E. Lateral view of left side of head and neck. F. Dried skin of body from neck until cloacal plate (2 pieces). G. Details of skin showing dorsal scale row reductions behind midbody from 19 to 17. On the left side the 5th row fuses into the 4th row at level V78 to V79. On the right side the fourth row fuses into the 3rd row at level V82 to V83. Photos by Sjon Hauser.
FIGURE 7. Sisyrinchium iguazuanum C.D in Exploring Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) diversity in the Atlantic Forest Biome: three new species in S. sect. Viperella
FIGURE 7. Sisyrinchium iguazuanum C.D.Inácio, L.Eggers & Chauveau. A. Habit. B. Collected plant with open flowers in a small black plastic bag. C. Flower in frontal view. D. Flower in lateral view. From L. Eggers & T.T. Souza-Chies 612 (ICN) (A) and L. Eggers & T.T. Souza-Chies 383 (ICN) (B, C, D).
FIGURE 2. Sisyrinchium caratuvense C.D in Exploring Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) diversity in the Atlantic Forest Biome: three new species in S. sect. Viperella
FIGURE 2. Sisyrinchium caratuvense C.D.Inácio & E.D.Lozano. A. Habit. B. Flowering stems. C. Inflorescence with flower and fruit. D. Spathe valves of unequal size (blue arrows). E. Flower in frontal view. F. General view of the species habitat, Paraná, Brazil. From E.D. Lozano et al. 4314 (MBM).
FIGURE 1 in Exploring Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) diversity in the Atlantic Forest Biome: three new species in S. sect. Viperella
FIGURE 1. Habit of Sisyrinchium caratuvense C.D.Inácio & E.D.Lozano. From E.D. Lozano et al. 4314 (ICN). Drawing by Rafaella Marchioretto.
FIGURE 4 in Exploring Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) diversity in the Atlantic Forest Biome: three new species in S. sect. Viperella
FIGURE 4. Habit of Sisyrinchium usneoides C.D.Inácio & K.Antunes. From P.L. Krieger & C. Urbano 9020 (SPF). Drawing by Rafaella Marchioretto.
FIGURE 5. Sisyrinchium usneoides C.D in Exploring Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) diversity in the Atlantic Forest Biome: three new species in S. sect. Viperella
FIGURE 5. Sisyrinchium usneoides C.D.Inácio & K.Antunes. A–B. Stem with flowers and fruits. C. Flower in frontal view. D. Fruits. E. Individuals of S. usneoides (yellow arrows) in a grassland with Xyris sp. (blue arrows). F. Habitat in campo rupestre, Minas Gerais, Brazil. From K. Antunes et al. 931 (CESJ).
FIGURA 6 in Exploring Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) diversity in the Atlantic Forest Biome: three new species in S. sect. Viperella
FIGURA 6. Habit of Sisyrinchium iguazuanum C.D.Inácio, L.Eggers & Chauveau. From L. Eggers & T.T. Souza-Chies 612 (ICN). Drawing by Anelise Scherer.
Figure 2. Coalescent species trees with 13 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches
Figure 2. Coalescent species trees with 13 (A) and 14 (B) assumed species based on 18S rRNA gene, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and 28S rRNA gene sequences. Posterior probabilities of clades are provided along internal branches and posterior probabilities for the presence of individual species are provided behind the terminal branches. Scale bars denote the fraction of substitutions per site.
A species diversity dataset of beetles by three passive acquisition methods in Tei Tong Tsai (Hong Kong)
<p><span>We based the dataset in this paper on the beetle collection from the sample site of Tei Tong Tsai (Hong Kong) from 1<sup>st </sup>May to 28<sup>th</sup> May 2019, a period of high insect diversity. A total of 16,270 beetles (photographed in 318 images) from 478 species belonging to 39 families were collected. The dataset consists of the following components: The original photo of the whole sample obtained at each site with each collection method, the morphological species identification chart, a statistical table describing the species and numbers of beetles collected on different dates at different sites using three passive acquisition methods, and a statistical table describing the longitude, latitude, and altitude information of each sampling point. We aimed to provide a database for the evaluation of beetle species diversity in Hong Kong and a paradigm for the effectiveness of passive acquisition in the beetle collection through the three representative methods, thus laying a foundation for biodiversity research.</span></p>
Estimating the extended and hidden species diversity from environmental DNA in hyper-diverse regions
Species inventories are the building blocks of our assessment of biodiversity patterns and human impact. Yet, historical inventories based on visual observations are often incomplete impairing subsequent analyses of ecological mechanisms, extinction risk and management success. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an emerging tool that can provide wider biodiversity assessments than classical visual-based surveys. However, eDNA-based inventories remain limited by sampling effort and reference database incompleteness. In this study, we propose a new framework coupling eDNA surveys and sampling-theory methods to estimate species richness in under-sampled and hyper-diverse regions where some species remain absent from the checklist or undetected by visual surveys. We applied this framework to the coastal fish diversity in the heart of the Coral Triangle, the richest marine biodiversity hotspot worldwide. Combining data from 279 underwater visual censuses, 92 eDNA samples and an extensive custom genetic reference database, we show that eDNA metabarcoding recorded 196 putative species not detected by underwater visual census including 37 species absent from the regional checklist. We provide an updated checklist of marine fishes in the 'Raja Ampat Bird's Head Peninsula' ecoregion with 2,534 species including 1,761 confirmed and 773 highly probable presences. The Chao lower-bound diversity estimator, based on the incidence of rare species, shows that the region potentially hosts an additional 123 fish species, including pelagic, cryptobenthic and vulnerable species. The extended and hidden biodiversity along with their asymptotic estimates highlight the ability of eDNA to expand regional inventories and species distributions to better guide conservation strategies.
Spatial pattern of genetic diversity in field populations of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex
<p><i>Fusarium</i> is associated with a number of wilt, blight, scab and rot diseases in a range of economically important staple food crops worldwide. An assessment of the genetic structure and population stratification of <i>Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti</i> species complex (FIESC) pathogen populations is important to understand the evolutionary potential of such populations in adapting to environmental change. Based on inter-simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR), it was found that the pathogen population was structured into three genetic clusters for which genetic differentiation was higher within than among populations. There was high intra-population genetic diversity for population 1 (94.63%) which consisted largely of isolates collected from North Trinidad. Populations 2 and 3 had a low level of admixture among the populations based on overall population differentiation. Population 1 accounted for the highest amount of genetic variation (95.82%) followed by populations 2 and 3. Population stratification was reflected in the dendrogram topology, which consisted of three main genetic clusters and which coincided with the outcome of Bayesian and PCoA analyses. The populations were isolated by distance and Voronoi tessellations indicated physical or structural barriers to gene flow which contributed to restricted admixture between two of three populations. These findings suggest a high evolutionary potential for this FIESC pathogen population, the implications of which directly affect disease management strategies.</p>
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).
Lophuromys stanley: is member of the L. flavopunctatus species complex and was named during partial revision of the L. aguilus species complex. It is characterized by craniometric and genetic character-istics; its skull proportions are similar to L. laticeps, and molecularly, it is similar to L. margarettae and L. zena (cytochrome-b). Lophuromys stanleyi is one of four endemic species in the Rwenzori Mountains diversity hotspot. Monotypic. Distribution. Rwenzori Mts, E DR Congo and SW Uganda. Descriptive notes. Head-body 113-126 mm, tail 40-80 mm, ear 16-19 mm, hindfoot 22-24 mm; weight 36-55 g. The Rwenzori Brush-furred Rat has a speckled pelage similar to other speciesin the L. flavopunctatus species complex. Tail is short, 50-60% of head-body length. Habitat. Poorly known, but type specimen was collected at an elevation of 3700 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. No information. in Muridae
Lophuromys stanley: is member of the L. flavopunctatus species complex and was named during partial revision of the L. aguilus species complex. It is characterized by craniometric and genetic character-istics; its skull proportions are similar to L. laticeps, and molecularly, it is similar to L. margarettae and L. zena (cytochrome-b). Lophuromys stanleyi is one of four endemic species in the Rwenzori Mountains diversity hotspot. Monotypic. Distribution. Rwenzori Mts, E DR Congo and SW Uganda. Descriptive notes. Head-body 113-126 mm, tail 40-80 mm, ear 16-19 mm, hindfoot 22-24 mm; weight 36-55 g. The Rwenzori Brush-furred Rat has a speckled pelage similar to other speciesin the L. flavopunctatus species complex. Tail is short, 50-60% of head-body length. Habitat. Poorly known, but type specimen was collected at an elevation of 3700 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. No information.
How does variation in total and relative abundance contribute to gradients of species diversity?
Patterns of biodiversity provide insights into the processes that shape biological communities around the world. Variation in species diversity along biogeographical or ecological gradients, such as latitude or precipitation, can be attributed to variation in different components of biodiversity: changes in the total abundance (i.e. more-individual effects) and changes in the regional species abundance distribution (SAD). Rarefaction curves can provide a tool to partition these sources of variation on diversity, but first must be converted to a common unit of measurement. Here, we partition species diversity gradients into components of the SAD and abundance using the effective number of species (ENS) transformation of the individual-based rarefaction curve. Because the ENS curve is unconstrained by sample size, it can act as a standardized unit of measurement when comparing effect sizes among different components of biodiversity change. We illustrate the utility of the approach using two datasets spanning latitudinal diversity gradients in trees and marine reef fish, and find contrasting results. Whereas the diversity gradient of fish was mostly associated with variation in abundance (86%), the tree diversity gradient was mostly associated with variation in the SAD (59%). These results suggest that local fish diversity may be limited by energy through the more-individuals effect, while species pool effects are the larger determinant of tree diversity. We suggest that the framework of the ENS-curve has the potential to quantify the underlying factors influencing most aspects of diversity change. --
Fig. 2 in A Review Of Species Diversity, Distribution And Ecology Of Freshwater Gastropod Molluscs Inhabiting The Ukrainian Transcarpathian
Fig. 2. Selected types of ecotopes in the region of materials sampling, Transcarpathia: 1— Chorna Voda (Mertse) River, near the Gat village (locality 15); 2 — artificial pool in the floodplain of Latorytsia River, near Chop town (locality 8); 3 — stream near the Bukove village (locality 20); 4 — creek in the territory of Carpathian Biosphere Reserve Headquarters (locality 5).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.