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FIGURES 21–26 in Haplothrips second instar larvae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae); character states and key to Central European species
FIGURES 21–26. Haplothrips larvae body colour. (21) setiger; (22) distinguendus; (23) verbasci; (24) aculeatus; (25) subtilissimus; (26) acanthoscelis.
FIGURES 27–34. Haplothrips larvae sclerotized plates. Frons central small plate 27–30 in Haplothrips second instar larvae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae); character states and key to Central European species
FIGURES 27–34. Haplothrips larvae sclerotized plates. Frons central small plate 27–30: (27) setigeriformis; (28) arenarius; (29) aculeatus; (30) verbasci. Prothorax dorsal plates 31–34: (31) arenarius; (32) leucanthemi; (33) aculeatus; (34) verbasci.
FIGURES 42–47. Haplothrips larvae sculpture and sclerotization. Abdominal segments 42–43 in Haplothrips second instar larvae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae); character states and key to Central European species
FIGURES 42–47. Haplothrips larvae sculpture and sclerotization. Abdominal segments 42–43: (42) statices; (43) aculeatus. Meso- and metanotum sclerotized dorsal plates 44–47: (44) arenarius; (45) cerealis; (46) aculeatus; (47) verbasci.
FIGURES 8–15 in Haplothrips second instar larvae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae); character states and key to Central European species
FIGURES 8–15. Haplothrips larvae measuring body parts. (8) body length; (9) acanthoscelis head, dorsal (distance between antennae, length and width of frons central sclerite); (10) arenarius head, ventral (length and width; maxillary palp length); (11) distinguendus antenna (lengths and widths, also segment IV trichome). Length and apices of setae 12–15: (12) aculeatus expanded; (13) aculeatus forked; (14) verbasci, knobbed; (15) dianthinus, pointed.
FIGURES 1–7 in Haplothrips second instar larvae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae); character states and key to Central European species
FIGURES 1–7. Haplothrips larvae morphological characters. (1) tritici head, dorsal; (2) acanthoscelis head, ventral, (P-maxillary palp); (3) setiger antenna, (Sc—trichom); (4) tritici pronotum; (5) cerealis meso- and metanotum (pI–pIII—first, second and third sclerite pair, Sp—spiracles); (6) tergites VIII–XI; (7) statices sternites VIII–XI.
FIGURES 16–20 in Haplothrips second instar larvae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae); character states and key to Central European species
FIGURES 16–20. Haplothrips larvae measurements. (16) aculeatus mesonotal spiracle length and width, and first and second pair of sclerites—pI, pII; (17) jasionis abdominal tergite II spiracle; (18) statices abdominal segment VIII spiracle (length and width); (19) statices segments IX–X sclerites (length, anterior and posterior widths); (20) verbasci sternite XI seta V2.
FIGURES 74–82 in Haplothrips second instar larvae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae); character states and key to Central European species
FIGURES 74–82. Haplothrips larvae spiracles (a—on mesonotum, b—on tergite II, c—on tergite VIII; light microscope 74– 80; SEM 81–82). (74) jasionis; (75) aculeatus; (76) statices; (77) acanthoscelis; (78) arenarius; (79) verbasci; (80) dianthinus; (81) distinguendus; (82) leucanthemi.
FIGURES 35–41 in Haplothrips second instar larvae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae); character states and key to Central European species
FIGURES 35–41. Haplothrips larvae antennal segments. (35) verbasci; (36) statices; (37) jasionis; (38) subtilissimus; (39) arenarius; (40) aculeatus; (41) angusticornis.
FIGURES 48–53 in Haplothrips second instar larvae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae); character states and key to Central European species
FIGURES 48–53. Haplothrips larvae sclerites. Meso- and metasternum 48–50: (48) distinguendus; (49) subtilissimus; (50) tritici. Abdominal dorsal setae basal sclerotizations 51–53: (51) arenarius; (52) dianthinus; (53) aculeatus.
FIGURES 62–73. Haplothrips larvae structural details. Segment X in Haplothrips second instar larvae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae); character states and key to Central European species
FIGURES 62–73. Haplothrips larvae structural details. Segment X shape and sculpture (under SEM and light microscope) 62– 65: (62–63) arenarius; (64–65) distinguendus. Dorsal setae on head, thorax and abdominal segments I–VIII (left image—light microscope, right image—SEM) 66–69: (66) acute; (67) blunt; (68) expanded; (69) knobbed. Setae on Abdominal segment IX setae 70–71: (70) seta D1 lanceolate (flattened at some length); (71) setae D2 and V2 forked. Setae on fore tibia 72–73: (72) acute or blunt; (73) capitate.
FIGURE 4. 4a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)
FIGURE 4. 4a. Bryophila katiba. Holotype male, Tafraout, Morocco. MNHN. 4b. Bryophila katiba. Female, Anti Atlas Mts, Morocco. Slide No. RL12446f. Coll. GR.
FIGURE 7. 7a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)
FIGURE 7. 7a. Male genitalia of Bryophila squamosa. Lectotype male, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. Slide No.: RL12464. NHMW. 7b. Male genitalia of Bryophila schwingenschussi. Holotype male, Bône, Algeria. Slide No.: Boursin Schwi30. NHMW. 7c. Male genitalia of Bryophila blepharista. Holotype male, Taanzoult [Tazoult], Morocco. Slide No.: BoursinSchw30. MNHN.
FIGURE 6. 6a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)
FIGURE 6. 6a. Male genitalia of Bryophila perloides, male, Finca La Molina, Casares, Málaga, Andalusia. Genit, prep. MF, ZMC. 6b. Genitalia of the syntype of Bryophila perloides, designated here as lectotype. Andalusia, Spain. Genit, prep. Gyula M. László, NHMUK, specimen labelled as 010918082. 6c. Male genitalia of Bryophila barbaria. Lectotype male, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. Slide No.: RL12477. NHMW.
FIGURE 3. 3a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)
FIGURE 3. 3a. Bryophila squamosa. Lectotype male, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. NHMW. 3b. Bryophila schwingenschussi. Holotype male, Bône, Algeria. NHMW. 3c. Bryophila blepharista. Holotype male, Taanzoult [Tazoult], Morocco. MNHN. 3d. Bryophila blepharista. Paratype male, Middle Atlas Mts, Morocco. MNHN.
FIGURE 5. 5a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)
FIGURE 5. 5a. Male genitalia of Bryophila domestica, as figured in Noctuidae Europaeae, vol. 11 (Fibiger et al., 2009). 5b. Male genitalia of Bryopsis muralis. Slide No.: RL9677, Sardinia, Italy. HNHM. 5c. Male genitalia of Nyctobrya simonyi. Slide No.: VM19488, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. NHMW.
FIGURE 2. 2a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)
FIGURE 2. 2a. Bryophila barbaria. Lectotype male, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. NHMW. 2b. Bryophila barbaria. Paralectotype male, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. NHMW. s 2c. Bryophila barbaria. Female, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. HNHM. s 2d. Bryophila barbaria. Female, High Atlas Mts, Morocco. HNHM.
FIGURE 1. 1a in Bryophila perloides Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Bryophilinae), an overlooked member of the European Noctuidae fauna, with upgrading of Bryopsis Boursin, 1970 to generic level (Taxonomic studies on the western Palaearctic Bryophilinae, No. 1)
FIGURE 1. 1a. Syntype of Bryophila perloides. Designated here as lectotype. Andalusia, Spain. NHMUK. 1b. Bryophila perloides. Male, Finca La Molina, Casares, Málaga, Andalusia, Spain (Photo Penny Hale). 1c. Bryophila perloides. Male, Campo de Gibraltar, Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain (Photo José Manuel Gaona Ríos). 1d. Bryophila perloides. Male, Campo de Gibraltar, Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain (Photo José Manuel Gaona Ríos). 1e. Bryopsis muralis. Male, Germany. HNHM. 1f. Bryopsis muralis. Female, Germany. HNHM. 1g. Nyctobrya simonyi. Male, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. NHMW. 1h. Nyctobrya simonyi. Female, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. NHMW.
The effects of dietary linoleic acid and hydrophilic antioxidants on basal, peak, and sustained metabolism in flight trained European Starlings
<p>Dietary micronutrients have the ability to strongly influence animal physiology and ecology. For songbirds, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and antioxidants are hypothesized to be particularly important micronutrients because of their influence on an individual's capacity for aerobic metabolism and recovery from extended bouts of exercise. However, the influence of specific fatty acids and hydrophilic antioxidants on whole-animal performance remain largely untested. We used diet manipulations to directly test the effects of dietary PUFA, specifically linoleic acid (18:2n6), and anthocyanins, a hydrophilic antioxidant, on basal metabolic rate (BMR), peak metabolic rate (PMR), and rates of fat catabolism, lean catabolism, and energy expenditure during sustained flight in a wind tunnel in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). BMR, PMR, energy expenditure, and fat metabolism decreased and lean catabolism increased over the course of the experiment in birds fed a high (32%) 18:2n6 diet, while birds fed a low (13%) 18:2n6 diet exhibited the reverse pattern. Additionally, energy expenditure, fat catabolism, and flight duration were all subject to diet-specific effects of whole-body fat content. Dietary antioxidants and diet-related differences in tissue fatty acid composition were not directly related to any measure of whole-animal performance. Together, these results suggest that the effect of dietary 18:2n6 on performance was most likely the result of the signaling properties of 18:2n6. This implies that dietary PUFA influence the energetic capabilities of songbirds, and could strongly influence songbird ecology, given their availability in terrestrial systems.</p>
Contrasting patterns of sexually selected traits in Mediterranean and continental populations of European mouflon
<p>The expression of sexually selected traits in highly dimorphic ungulates may be influenced by environmental quality. Variations in habitat conditions can impose different constraints on the allocation of energy resources to male life-history traits, and possibly alter the female preferences for specific features. Here, we compared the horn growth patterns in male European mouflon Ovis aries musimon living in different habitats (Mediterranean vs. continental) but sharing a common genetic origin. We hypothesized that the expression of sexually selected traits such as horn development should be promoted in more favourable habitat conditions (i.e., Mediterranean). Using linear mixed models on data retrieved from individuals harvested under the same hunting regime, we found longer horns and greater individual variance in horn segment length in the Mediterranean population than in the continental one. Furthermore, Mediterranean rams showed no evidence of compensatory horn growth, as opposed to the continental rams. Unexpectedly, horn base circumference was greater in the continental habitat than in the Mediterranean one. The overall results suggest different patterns of investment in horns in the two populations, with seemingly stronger pressure and consequences of sexual selection on mouflon rams living in more favourable environments. Although the role of hunters' selectivity cannot be excluded a priori, our data suggest that the differences in the expression of sexually selected traits in our study populations may be influenced by environmental conditions. Because sexual selection can impose substantial fitness costs on individuals, further investigations on the trade-offs between reproduction and survival would improve our understanding of the dynamics of mouflon populations living in different environmental conditions.</p>
Figure 5 in Hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new Central European snake species
Figure 5. Cline analyses of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data. Transects (top) through the two different contact zones of grass snake lineages (helvetica/eastern lineages – left; yellow/red lineages – right) and associated Maximum Likelihood clines for microsatellites (centre) and mtDNA (bottom). Grey: fuzzy 95% credible cline region. Red points (top) indicate cline centres. Maps were created using ARCGIS 10.2 (http://www. esri.com/arcgis) and ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CS6 (http://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator.html).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.