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FIG. 19. Hsiangolestes youngi skull, IVPP V5797 in Cranial And Postcranial Morphology Of The Insectivoran-Grade Mammals Hsiangolestes And Naranius (Mammalia, Eutheria) With Analyses Of Their Phylogenetic Relationships
FIG. 19. Hsiangolestes youngi skull, IVPP V5797: A. ventral and B. right lateral views.
FIG. 14 in Cranial And Postcranial Morphology Of The Insectivoran-Grade Mammals Hsiangolestes And Naranius (Mammalia, Eutheria) With Analyses Of Their Phylogenetic Relationships
FIG. 14. Right maxilla of Hsiangolestes youngi, IVPP V5346, stereophotograph in occlusal view.
Figure 3 in Mammal prevalence after the fire catastrophe in northeastern Pantanal, Brazil
Figure 3. Mammal species detected by camera traps and visual observations in periods before (2015-2017) and after fire (2021-2022) in the Pantanal of SESC Parque Baía das Pedras, Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. (A) Blastocerus dichotomus; (B) Mazama sp.; (C) Pecari tajacu; (D) Tayassu pecari; (E) Cerdocyon thous; (F) Speothos venaticus; (G) Leopardus pardalis; (H) Herpailurus yagouaroundi; (I) Puma concolor; (J) Eira barbara; (K) Lontra longicaudis; (L) Nasua nasua; (M) Procyon cancrivorus; (N) Dasypus noventicus; (O) Priodontes maximus; (P) Didelphis sp.; (Q) Sylvilagus brasiliensis; (R) Tapirus terrestris; (S) Myrmecophaga tridactyla; (T) Tamandua tetradactyla; (U) Sabajus libidinosus; (V) Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; (W) Dasyprocta azarae. Species nomenclature followed the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list of threatened species (IUCN, 2022).
Figure 4 in Mammal prevalence after the fire catastrophe in northeastern Pantanal, Brazil
Figure 4. Number of records of mammals obtained by camera traps before (blue) and after fire (red) in the Pantanal of SESC Parque Baía das Pedras, Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Level of significance: *** p ≤ 0.001; ** p ≤ 0.01; * p ≤ 0.05; black dot: marginal significance level.
Figure 1 in Mammal prevalence after the fire catastrophe in northeastern Pantanal, Brazil
Figure 1. Map of the Pantanal biome in Brazil, showing the study site in Poconé (green), Mato Grosso state.
Data from: Convergence in hearing genes between echolocating birds and mammals
<p>Echolocation, the detection of objects by means of sound waves, has evolved independently in diverse animal lineages. Echolocating lineages include not only mammals such as toothed whales, yangochiropteran and rhinolophoid bats, but also <em>Rousettus</em> fruit bats, as well as two bird lineages, the oilbirds and swiftlets, which use echolocation to navigate in caves where they roost. In whales, yangochiropteran and rhinolophoid bats, positive selection and molecular convergence has been documented in key hearing-related genes, such as prestin (<em>SLC26A5</em>), but few studies have examined these loci in other echolocators. Here, we examine patterns of selection and convergence in echolocation-related genes in echolocating birds and <em>Rousettus</em> bats. Fewer of these loci were under selection in <em>Rousettus</em> or birds compared with classically-recognized echolocators, and elevated convergence (compared to background lineages) was not evident across this gene set. In certain genes, however, we detected convergent substitutions with potential functional relevance, including convergence between <em>Rousettus</em> and classic echolocators in prestin at a site known to affect hair cell electromotility. We also detected convergence between Yangochiroptera, Rhinolophidea and oilbirds in <em>TMC1</em>, an important mechanosensory transduction channel in vertebrate hair cells, and observed an amino acid change at the same site within the pore domain. Our results suggest that although most proteins implicated in echolocation in specialized mammals may not have been recruited in birds or <em>Rousettus</em> fruit bats, certain hearing-related loci may have undergone convergent functional changes. Investigating adaptations in diverse echolocators such as swiftlets and oilbirds will deepen our understanding of this unusual sensory modality.</p>
Figure 5 in Medium and large sized mammals and the effect of habitat heterogeneity from a Caatinga shrubby forest at Serra de Santa Catarina, Paraíba, Brazil
Figure 5. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling of medium-large mammal community structure according to different phytophysiognomies (a) and presence of water bodies (b), recorded in the Serra de Santa Catarina, Northeast Brazil, between August 2012 and November 2014. The ANOSIM (one-way) analysis showed no difference between phytophysiognomies (R = 0.1124, p> 0.05) and a significant difference between the presence of water bodies (R = 0.3907, p <0.05).
Figure 4 in Medium and large sized mammals and the effect of habitat heterogeneity from a Caatinga shrubby forest at Serra de Santa Catarina, Paraíba, Brazil
Figure 4. Average of abundance of medium-large mammal species according to different phytophysiognomies (a) and presence of water bodies (b), recorded in the Serra de Santa Catarina, Northeast Brazil, between August 2012 and November 2014. The Mann-Whitney analysis showed no difference between both phytophysiognomies (U = 29.5, p> 0.05) and presence of water bodies (U = 48.5, p> 0.05).
Figure 2 in Medium and large sized mammals and the effect of habitat heterogeneity from a Caatinga shrubby forest at Serra de Santa Catarina, Paraíba, Brazil
Figure 2. Different habitats analyzed in Serra de Santa Catarina, Paraíba, Brazil. A = Arboreal; B = Shrub; C = Arboreal-shrub; D = Water spot with a capuchin monkey in the foreground.
Figure 1 in Medium and large sized mammals and the effect of habitat heterogeneity from a Caatinga shrubby forest at Serra de Santa Catarina, Paraíba, Brazil
Figure 1. Study area, the Serra de Santa Catarina, extreme West of Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil. In light gray Caatinga biome and in dark gray Atlantic Forest Biome; in green, Serra de Santa Catarina limits.
Figure 3 in Medium and large sized mammals and the effect of habitat heterogeneity from a Caatinga shrubby forest at Serra de Santa Catarina, Paraíba, Brazil
Figure 3. Rarefaction curve for camera-trap sampling to medium-large mammal species of the Serra de Santa Catarina, Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, sampled between August 2012 and November 2014. Observed richness (S = 10 ± 1.76) has no significant difference to estimated richness (S = 12.97 ± 1.7) through the non-parametric Jackknife 1. Sample unit were defined as days with effective records in different camera-traps.
Composition of non-volant small mammals inhabiting a degradation gradient in a lowland tropical forest in Uganda
<p><span>A study aimed at assessing the structure of rodent and shrew assemblages inhabiting a degradation gradient while considering rainfall patterns was conducted in one of the few remaining lowland tropical forests in Eastern Africa. We collected a unique dataset of 1411 rodents and shrews, representing 24 species (19 rodents, 5 shrews). The most abundant species alternated in dominance as species abundance significantly fluctuated across the study period following a degradation gradient, </span><span>While only generalist species were observed near the degraded forest edge, habitat specialists such as <em>Deomys ferrugineus, Malacomys longipes</em> and <em>Scutisorex congicus</em>, were observed in the primary forest interior suggesting<span class="gnkrckgcgsb"><span> a significant</span></span></span><span class="gnkrckgcgsb"><span> association between species and their associated habitats and habitat attributes</span></span><span>. There was also an observed correlation between rainfall patterns and species abundance. Capturing more species in adjacent fallows and along the degraded forest edge suggests that many species are able to live in degraded habitats that offer a variety of food resources. The continued pressure on forest resources, however, may lead to changes in habitat structure. This, coupled with the dependence of forest ecological functions on rainfall, which is typically not the case, may ultimately cause the local extinction of highly specialized but less adaptable species.</span></p>
Visual and acoustic detctions of marine mammals from the M/Y Arctic Sunrise, Indian Ocean, 2021
<p>Supplementory acoustic detection and visual sightings tables along with acoustic recordings (500 kHz, 4-channel .wav files) of visually verified dolphin encounters, during a survey of the Saya de Malha bank region, Indian Ocean in March of 2021. Associated with "Cetaceans of the Saya de Malha bank region, Indian Ocean: A candidate Important Marine Mammal Area" in Regional Studies in Marine Science. </p>
Data from: Non-native mammals are weak candidates to substitute ecological function of native avian seed-dispersers in an island ecosystem
<p>Although prominent examples exist of non-native species causing substantial ecological harm, many have neutral or positive effects, including filling surrogate roles once performed by extinct native organisms. We tested the ecological roles of two non-native mammals as seed dispersers or seed predators in Guåhan, which, due to invasive brown treesnakes (<em>Boiga</em> <em>irregularis</em>), is devoid of native seed dispersers – birds and bats. We conducted feeding trials with captive rats (<em>Rattus</em> spp.), which are present but uncommon due to predation by snakes, and pigs (<em>Sus</em> <em>scrofa</em>), which are abundant. We examined if and how they interacted with common forest fruits. We then compared how any gut-passed or handled seeds germinated compared to seeds left in whole fruit or depulped seeds.</p> <p>Rats and pigs interacted with most of the fruits and seeds (>80%) that they were fed. Of those, most seeds were destroyed – 78% for rats and 90% for pigs, across both native and non-native plant species. Compared to seeds germinating within whole fruits, rats improved germination of the seeds that they handled without ingesting, while pigs diminished the germination of seeds that they handled. The small percentage of seeds (approximately 1.5% for rats and 5% for pigs) that survived gut passage germinated in higher proportions than those in whole fruits. Percentages of seed survival to germination are lower than those found in similar studies with native avian frugivores. Our results indicate that pigs and rats have mixed effects on seeds, but are not suitable surrogates for native seed dispersers.</p>
Effects of large mammal exclusion on seedling communities depend on plant species traits and landscape protection in human-modified Costa Rican forests
<ol> <li>Large terrestrial herbivorous mammals (LTH-mammals) influence plant community structure by affecting seedling establishment in mature tropical forests. Many of these LTH-mammals frequent secondary forests, but their effects on seedling establishment in them are understudied, hindering our understanding of how LTH-mammals influence forest regeneration in human-modified landscapes.</li> <li>We tested the hypothesis that the strength of LTH-mammals' effects on seedling establishment depends on landscape protection, forest successional stage, and plant species' traits using a manipulative field experiment in six 1-ha sites with varying successional age and landscape protection. In each site, we established forty seedling plot-pairs, with one plot excluding LTH-mammals and one not, and monitored seedlings of 116 woody species for 26 months.</li> <li>We found significant effects of LTH-mammal exclusion on seedling survival contingent upon the protection of forests at the landscape level and forest stage. After 26 months, survival differences between LTH-mammal exclusion and non-exclusion treatments were greater in protected than unprotected landscapes. Additionally, plant species' traits were related to the LTH-mammals' differential effects, as LTH-mammals reduced the survival of seedlings of larger-seeded species the most. Overall, LTH-mammals' effects translated into significant shifts in community composition as seedling communities inside and outside the exclosures diverged. Moreover, lower density and higher species diversity were found as early as 12 and 18 months outside than inside exclosures.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Insight into the interactions between LTH-mammals and seedling communities in forest regeneration can be instrumental in planning effective restoration efforts. We highlight the importance of landscape protection in seedling survival and the role of LTH-mammals in promoting seedling diversity in mature forests but also in secondary successional forests. The findings suggest that conservation efforts and possibly trophic rewilding can be important approaches for preserving diversity and influencing the trajectory of secondary tropical forest succession. However, we also caution that an overabundance of LTH-mammals may adversely impact the pace of forest succession due to their preference for large-seeded species. Therefore, a comprehensive wildlife management plan is indispensable. Additionally, longer-term studies on LTH-mammals are necessary to understand the effects of temporal fluctuations that are undetected in short-term studies.</li> </ol>
Fig. 6 in Middle Eocene ungulate mammals from Myanmar: A review with description of new specimens
Fig. 6. Cenogram of the Pondaung fauna.
Using bone technology and ZooMS to understand indigenous use of marine mammals at Iita, northwest Greenland
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Data from: Persistent body size bias in the fossil record of Cenozoic North American mammals
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A subantarctic reigitheriid and the evolution of crushing teeth in these enigmatic Mesozoic mammals
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Trends in functional composition of small mammal communities across millennial time scales
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.