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Figure 4 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)
Figure 4. Morphological trends in the Corso-Sardinian Tibicina OTUs CIST, CORS and LONG (part I). Colour tints of basal and central forewing venation. RGB-values taken at two positions (see numbered ovals in example CIST) from photographs of live individuals. R-values constant for boxes, G-values at vertical axes, B-values at horizontal axes. Size of circles is relative to the measured occurrences (Nind = 95, N max = 12, Nmin = 1). Two typical venation phenotypes of LONG and CIST (right, below). CORS and T. c. corsica are merged for easier illustration.
Figure 5 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)
Figure 5. Morphological trends in the Corso-Sardinian Tibicina OTUs CIST, CORS and LONG (part II). Individual ranks of overall alignments of hair cover of submedian sigilla on mesonotum vs. black portion shining through hairs on sternites IV to VI (see green framed body sectors; Nind = 70). Photographs visualize extreme phenotypes. Individuals were labelled with a random number and sorted twice for each character from photographs of live individuals and alignments differed only by a mean of 4.7 (sigilla) respectively 6.5 rank positions (sternites). Significances were similar and mean ranks of individuals of repeated alignments are shown here. CORS and T. c. corsica are merged for easier illustration.
Figure 2 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)
Figure 2. Calling song examples of the Tibicina OTUs from northern Sardinia. A, sonograms of LONG and CIST (10-s phrases). B, oscillograms (time vs. amplitude) of four different OTUs (0.5-s phrases, left and 0.1-s phrases, right) with terms marked.
Figure 1 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)
Figure 1. Map with investigated populations in northern Sardinia and southern Corsica. The size of the circles is relative to the number of analysed specimens (Nmax = 15, Nmin = 1).
Figure 3 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)
Figure 3. Calling song characters of the Tibicina OTUs from Sardinia and the known species from Corsica. Mean values per individual. A, syllable periods (SYP) vs. centre frequencies (N ind = 103). B, contribution of PP, NP and ISYD to the species-specific SYP (Nind = 103). C, two converse examples of temperature dependency of SYP (Nind = 19 resp. 23).
Figure 7 in Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)
Figure 7. Morphology of Tibicina longisyllaba and relatives. A, holotype male of Tibicina longisyllaba in dorsal view and ventral view of the abdomen from Tempio Pausania (black bar = 1 cm). B, paratype female of Tibicina longisyllaba from Tempio Pausania. C, syntype male of Tibicina cisticola from the Natural History Museum of Berlin with original labels. D, genitalia of T. longisyllaba. Timbals with alternating short and long ribs of (E) T. longisyllaba holotype in comparison to (F) T. cisticola syntype (equal magnification, almost similar body size, 24.4 resp. 24.8 mm; white perpendicular line = timbal width definition). Morphological extremes in natural habitats: G, male of T. nigronervosa; H, male of T. sp. indet.
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from 53 taxa from ITS and 28S in Expanding the diversity of mucoralean fungi from northern Thailand: novel Backusella species from soil
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from 53 taxa from ITS and 28S genetic markers. Bootstrap support (BS) from RAxML and IQ-tree, and the posterior probability from Bayesian analysis are provided near the nodes as BS/BS (IQ-tree)/ PP. Values <70% for bootstrap support and <0.80 for posterior probability are indicated by a minus sign (–). Unrecovered branching is indicated by (*) sign. The novel strain proposed in the current study is shown in bold. T, ET, LT, and NT indicate ex-type, ex-epitype, ex-lectotype and ex-neotype strains, respectively. Mucor indicus (CBS 226.29) and M. koreanus (EML-QT1) were used as outgroup taxa.
FIGURE 2. Backusella solicola MFLUCC 22-0067 in Expanding the diversity of mucoralean fungi from northern Thailand: novel Backusella species from soil
FIGURE 2. Backusella solicola MFLUCC 22-0067 (ex-type). A, B. branching pattern of sporangiophores. C. short branched sporophore with columellae. D, E, H. developmental stages of the sporangium. F. unispored sporangiola. G. sporangiospores. I–J. multispored sporangiolum. K. obverse and reverse of colony in PDA. L–Q. various shaped columellae. Bars: B, C, E, H, J, L–N, P, Q = 20 µm; D, G, O = 10 µm.
Tree mixtures increase bird taxonomic and functional diversity over pure stands of tree species planted outside their natural range—but not over pure native stands
<p><span>Recent biodiversity loss has emphasized the necessity to critically evaluate the consequences of human alterations of forest ecosystems. Stand diversification via tree species mixtures and the use of non-native tree species are two such alterations currently gaining importance as climate change adaptations. However, the effects of local versus regional tree mixing on associated bio</span><span>diversity and notably the modifying role of tree species growing outside their natural range remain poorly understood. </span></p> <p><span>We assessed how monocultures and mixtures of native and introduced tree species influence the taxonomic and functional diversity of northwest German bird communities at stand and landscape scales. We focused on the dominant natural tree species (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) and economically important conifer species planted outside their natural range (the native <em>Picea abies</em> and non-native <em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>). </span></p> <p><span>We found that bird species richness and functional diversity were generally higher in pure and mixed stands of native <em>F. sylvatica</em> than in pure conifer stands, especially in comparison to non-native <em>P. menziesii</em>. These differences were particularly strong at the landscape scale. Pure conifer stands harbored only a reduced set of functionally similar bird species. Structural diversity based on tree microhabitat availability emerged as a key predictor of bird diversity. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis and applications: Our study suggests that tree species mixtures do not necessarily increase bird diversity compared to pure stands of native trees, but can promote bird diversity relative to pure stands of species planted outside their natural range. Moreover, local mixtures, rather than a mosaic of pure stands, may promote bird diversity also at the landscape scale. By contrast, pure stands of tree species planted outside their natural range can increase the biotic homogenization of forest birds. Promoting structural diversity of microhabitats via tree retention and ensuring that non-native trees are planted in mixtures with native trees may alleviate potential limitations of climate change-oriented management for biodiversity. </span></p>
Figure 14 in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 14. Trapania stegodon sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature of holotype NMP 041332, (formerly CASIZ 186206). A, jaw. B, entire radula. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth.
Figure 18 in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 18. Trapania kanaloa sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature of holotype CASIZ 189444. A, jaw. B, entire radula. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth.
Figure 3 in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 3. Trapania japonica (Baba, 1935). Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature CASIZ 222116. A, jaw rodlets. B, isolated radular teeth. Arrow indicates jaw rodlet.
Figure 1 in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 1. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood phylogeny of Trapania estimated from the (16S + COI + 18S + H3) concatenated dataset. Values above branches refer to posterior probabilities (PP) and values below branches refer to bootstrapping values (BS). Dashes indicate relationships not recovered during the maximum likelihood analysis. To the right are the results of the ABGD analysis (oval) and the bPTP analysis (square).
Figure 10. Trapania darvelli Rudman, 1987 in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 10. Trapania darvelli Rudman, 1987. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature, CASIZ 191431. A, jaw rodlets. B, entire radular ribbon. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth.
Figure 6 in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 6. Trapania kahel sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature of holotype NMP 041330 (formerly CASIZ 200530). A, jaws. B, entire radular ribbon. C, newly formed radular teeth. D, oldest radular teeth.
Figure 2. Living animals. A in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 2. Living animals. A, Trapania japonica (Baba, 1935), CASIZ 221116, Mabini, Batangas, Philippines, photo by Peri Paleracio. B, Trapania tatsulok sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041333 (formerly CASIZ 200530), Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines. C, Trapania kahel sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041330 (formerly CASIZ 186131), Mabini, Batangas, Philippines. D, Trapania lemanioides sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041335 (formerly CASIZ 208433), Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental, Philippines. E, Trapania lemanioides sp. nov., paratype, CASIZ 221979, Romblon, Philippines. F, Trapania aurata Rudman, 1987, CASIZ 186205, Mabini, Batangas, Philippines. G, Trapania reticulata Rudman, 1987, CASIZ 191431, Madang, Papua New Guinea, photo by Vanessa Knutson. H, Trapania tigger sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041328 (formerly CASIZ 180412), Mabini, Batangas, Philippines, photo by Alicia McKowen. Photo by T. Gosliner unless indicated.
Figure 12. Living animals. A in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 12. Living animals. A, Trapania tamaraw sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041334 (formerly CASIZ 208391) Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental. B, Trapania stegodon sp. nov., holotype NMP 041332 (formerly CASIZ 186206), Anilao Harbor, Batangas, Philippines. C, Trapania sp. 'Anilao', preserved specimen, NMP 041329 (formerly CASIZ 182904), Anilao Harbor, Batangas, Philippines. D, Trapania kamagong sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041336 (formerly CASIZ 208585A), Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental, Philippines. E, upper photo Trapania kanaloa sp. nov., holotype CASIZ 189444, lower photo, Trapania sp. cf. kanaloa, CASIZ 199250, Koloa Landing, Kaua'i, Hawai'i, photo by Cory Pittman. F, Trapania undulata sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041331 (formerly CASIZ 186132), Ligpo Island, Bauan, Batangas, Philippines.
Figure 5 in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 5. Trapania tatsulok sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature of holotype NMP 041333 (formerly CASIZ 200530). A, entire jaw plate. B, detail of armature of jaws. C, majority of radula. D, individual teeth.
Figure 11 in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 11. Trapania tigger sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature of holotype NMP 041328 (formerly CASIZ 189412). A, jaw with rodlets. B, entire radular ribbon. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth.
Figure 4. Reproductive systems. A in Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions
Figure 4. Reproductive systems. A, Trapania japonica (Baba, 1935), CASIZ 221116, scale = 0.50 mm. B, Trapania tatsulok sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041333 (formerly CASIZ 200530), scale = 0.33 mm. C, Trapania kahel sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041330 (formerly CASIZ 186131), scale = 0.28 mm. D, Trapania lemanioides sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041335 (formerly
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.