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Figures 63–74. Forewing. 63 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon

Figures 63–74. Forewing. 63. Orussonia depressa Riek; 64. Orussella dentifrons (Philippi); 65. Orussobaius minutus Benson; 66. Leptorussus kwazuluensis Vilhelmsen sp. nov.; 67. Orussus schoutedeni Guiglia; 68. Orussus occidentalis Cresson; 69. Pseudoryssus henschii (Mocsáry); 70. Pedicrista hyalina Benson; 71. Chalinus berlandi Guiglia; 72. Argentophrynopus gauldi Vilhelmsen & Smith (♂); 73. Ophrella lingulata Middlekauff; 74. Ophrynopus plaumanni Smith. Not to scale. D, discal cell; P, pterostigma.

Figures 13–18. Head, lateral view. 13 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon

Figures 13–18. Head, lateral view. 13. Orussonia depressa Riek; 14. Orussobaius minutus Benson; 15. Leptorussus kwazuluensis Vilhelmsen sp. nov.; 16. Pedicrista hyalina Benson; 17. Pseudoryssus henschii (Mocsáry); 18. Orussus occidentalis Cresson. Not to scale.

Figures 37–42. Thorax, dorsal view. 37 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon

Figures 37–42. Thorax, dorsal view. 37. Orussonia depressa Riek; 38. Orussobaius minutus Benson; 39. Orussella dentifrons (Philippi); 40. Leptorussus kwazuluensis Vilhelmsen sp. nov.; 41. Chalinus braunsi (Enslin); 42. Pedicrista hyalina Benson. Not to scale. axf, axillar flange; ce, cenchrus; msa, mesoscutellar arm; N1, pronotum; N2, mesoscutum; N3, metanotum; Sc2, mesoscutellum.

Figures 55–62. Hindtibia, lateral view. 55 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon

Figures 55–62. Hindtibia, lateral view. 55. Orussonia depressa Riek; 56. Orussella dentifrons (Philippi); 57. Orussobaius minutus Benson; 58. Pedicrista hyalina Benson; 59. Orussus occidentalis Cresson; 60. Orussus tessmanni Enslin; 61. Chalinus haugi du Buysson; 62. Stirocorsia kohli Konow. Not to scale.

Figures 7–12. Head, anterior view. 7 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon

Figures 7–12. Head, anterior view. 7. Orussus schoutedeni Guiglia; 8. Orussus occidentalis Cresson; 9. Pseudoryssus henschii (Mocsáry); 10. Guiglia sericata (Mocsáry); 11. Kulcania mexicana (Cresson); 12. Ophrynopus plaumanni Smith. Not to scale. dfc, dorsal transverse frontal carina; lfc, lateral longitudinal frontal carina; loc, lateral ocellus; moc, median ocellus; poc, postocular carina; sug, subantennal groove; vct, ventral coronal tooth; vfc, ventral transverse frontal carina.

Figures 49–54 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon

Figures 49–54. Hindfemur (49–50, 53–54) or hindleg (51–52), lateral view. 49. Orussonia depressa Riek; 50. Orussobaius minutus Benson; 51. Leptorussus kwazuluensis Vilhelmsen sp. nov.; 52. Orussus schoutedeni Guiglia; 53. Pedicrista hyalina Benson; 54. Stirocorsia kohli Konow. Not to scale.

Figures 1–6. Head, anterior view. 1 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon

Figures 1–6. Head, anterior view. 1. Orussonia depressa Riek; 2. Orussella dentifrons (Philippi); 3. Orussobaius minutus Benson; 4. Leptorussus kwazuluensis Vilhelmsen sp. nov.; 5. Pedicrista hyalina Benson; 6. Chalinus berlandi Guiglia. Not to scale.

Figures 29–36 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon

Figures 29–36. Female antenna of 29. Orussonia depressa Riek; 30. Orussella dentifrons (Philippi); 31. Orussobaius minutus Benson; 32. Pseudoryssus henschii (Mocsáry); 33. Orussus occidentalis Cresson; 34. Chalinus braunsi (Enslin); 35. Ophrynon levigatus Middlekauff; 36. Argentophrynopus gauldi Vilhelmsen & Smith. Not to scale.

Figures 43–48. Thorax, dorsal view. 43 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon

Figures 43–48. Thorax, dorsal view. 43. Orussus schoutedeni Guiglia; 44. Orussus occidentalis Cresson; 45. Pseudoryssus henschii (Mocsáry); 46. Guiglia sericata (Mocsáry); 47. Ophrella lingulata Middlekauff; 48. Ophrynopus plaumanni Smith. Not to scale.

Figures 25–28. Head, posterior view. 25 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon

Figures 25–28. Head, posterior view. 25. Orussonia depressa Riek; 26. Orussella dentifrons (Philippi); 27. Guiglia sericata (Mocsáry); 28. Ophrynopus plaumanni Smith. Not to scale.

Figures 19–24. Head, lateral view. 19 in Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon

Figures 19–24. Head, lateral view. 19. Guiglia sericata (Mocsáry); 20. Kulcania mexicana (Cresson); 21. Ophrynon levigatus Middlekauff; 22. Ophrella lingulata Middlekauff; 23. Argentophrynopus gauldi Vilhelmsen & Smith; 24. Stirocorsia kohli Konow. Not to scale.

Figure 5 in Molecular phylogeny of Anomalodesmata (Mollusca: Bivalvia) inferred from 18S rRNA sequences

Figure 5. Summary cladogram representing the relationships of the anomalodesmatan family-level taxa inferred from the 18S rRNA data. Asterisks indicate lacking support for the monophyly of the taxon.

Figure 3 in Molecular phylogeny of Anomalodesmata (Mollusca: Bivalvia) inferred from 18S rRNA sequences

Figure 3. Maximum-likelihood tree under an HKY85+I+G model (–logL = 25513.945, s/v ratio = 1382, pinvar = 0.189, gamma = 0.463).

Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny of Anomalodesmata (Mollusca: Bivalvia) inferred from 18S rRNA sequences

Figure 2. Strict consensus tree of 22 most parsimonious trees using all alignment positions of the 18S rRNA data set. Bootstrap values (above branches) refer to 1000 replications, maximum-likelihood puzzling values (below branches; values lower than 30 not given) refer to 100 000 puzzling steps. A, subtree showing the position of Anomalodesmata among the Heterodonta. B, subtree of the Anomalodesmata. Pha., Pharidae; Ven., Veneridae. Asterisks mark species of the polyphyletic Myoida. Arrowheads indicate the anomalodesmatan nodes collapsing when 506 positions of uncertain alignment in the

Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny of Anomalodesmata (Mollusca: Bivalvia) inferred from 18S rRNA sequences

Figure 1. Single most parsimonious tree resulting from the analysis of the entire morphological data set of Harper et al. (2000). Asterisks mark taxa not available for the present study. The Euciroidae as recognized by Poutiers & Bernard (1995) was not separated from the Verticordiidae.

Figure 11 in External brain anatomy in relation to the phylogeny of Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)

Figure 11. Probable phylogenetic relationships within the living Caninae and occurrence of different types of sulcal pattern. (A) Tedford et al.'s. (1995) morphological cladogram; (B) Cladogram based on Wayne et al.'s (1997) molecular parsimony cladogram; C: Tedford's and Wayne's combined cladogram by Wayne et al. (1997). P. spp. indicates the species Pseudalopex griseus, P. gymnocercus and P. sechurae.

Figure 2 in External brain anatomy in relation to the phylogeny of Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)

Figure 2. Different types of outlines that are created by the coronal and ansate sulci on the dorsal surface of the cerebrum: (A) pentagonal; (B) heart-shaped; (C) parenthesis-like; (D) orthogonal.

Figure 9 in External brain anatomy in relation to the phylogeny of Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)

Figure 9. Endocasts from living Vulpes spp., Otocyon megalotis, Alopex lagopus and Urocyon cinereoargenteus, dorsal and lateral views.

Figure 1 in External brain anatomy in relation to the phylogeny of Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)

Figure 1. Sulci and gyri of the domestic dog cerebrum. (A) Anterodorsolateral view. (B) Dorsal view of the frontal pole of the right hemisphere. (C) Lateral view of the frontal pole of the left hemisphere. (1) Sylvian sulcus (sulcus Sylvii, sulcus pseudosylvius); (2) ectosylvian sulcus (sulcus ectosylvius); (3) suprasylvian sulcus (sulcus suprasylvius); (4) lateral sulcus (sulcus lateralis); (5) ansate sulcus (sulcus ansatus); (6) coronal sulcus (sulcus coronalis); (7) radial process (processus acominis); (8) endolateral sulcus (sulcus endolateralis); (9) longitudinal fissure (fissura longitudinalis cerebri); (10) ectolateral sulcus (sulcus ectolateralis); (11) cruciate sulcus (sulcus cruciatus); (12) praecruciate sulcus (sulcus praecruciatus); (13) postcruciate sulcus (sulcus postcruciatus); (14) presylvian sulcus (sulcus praesylvius); (15) proreal sulcus (sulcus proreus); (16) intraorbital (sulcus interprorealis, sulcus intraorbitalis); (17) sigmoid gyrus: (a) anterior part (pars anterior gyri sigmoidei); (b) posterior part (pars posterior gyri sigmoidei); (18) proreal gyrus (gyrus proreus); (19) orbital gyrus (gyrus orbitalis); cer: cerebellum; ol: olfactory bulb.

Figure 4 in External brain anatomy in relation to the phylogeny of Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)

Figure 4. Endocasts from Pliocene Nyctereutes and Pleistocene †Canis (Xenocyon) lycaonoides, lateral and dorsal views. Lateral views of †N. tingi F:AM 96757, †N. sinensis F:AM 22336 and †N. sinensis F:AM 96750 reversed from the left side.