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FIGURE 1. Dimerostemma pantanalense. A. Flowering branch. B in Contributing to the knowledge of Pantanal Flora: a new endemic species of Dimerostemma (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Dimerostemma pantanalense. A. Flowering branch. B. Abaxial surface of the leaf showing the suprabasal acrodromous imperfect venation. C. Leaf detail showing the indumentum. D. Front view of the radiate capitulum. E. Radiate capitulum in longitudinal section, showing the convex receptacle. F. Receptacle in longitudinal section showing the conical shape. G. Phyllary from the first series of involucre. H. Phyllary from the second series of involucre. I. Phyllary form the third series of involucre. J. Palea. K. Disc floret and immature cypsela. L. Anther in ventral view. M. Anther in dorsal view. N. Style. O. Ray floret. P. Inner cypsela. Q. Outer cypsela. All from the holotype (COR). Drawn by Klei Sousa.

FIGURE 3. Dimerostemma pantanalense. A. Inner involucral bract. B. Conical receptacle. C. Ray florets. D. Disc floret. E. Inner cypsela. F in Contributing to the knowledge of Pantanal Flora: a new endemic species of Dimerostemma (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Dimerostemma pantanalense. A. Inner involucral bract. B. Conical receptacle. C. Ray florets. D. Disc floret. E. Inner cypsela. F. Outer cypsela. Photos by D.M. Mendes.

FIGURE 2 in Contributing to the knowledge of Pantanal Flora: a new endemic species of Dimerostemma (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Field photographs of Dimerostemma pantanalense. A–B. Front view of the radiate capitulum. C. Details of the involucre. D. Habit. E. Population in the natural environment. Photos by D.M. Mendes.

FIGURE 1. O in Onosma serpentinica (Boraginaceae), a new serpentine endemic species from the South-West Anatolia, Türkiye

FIGURE 1. O. serpentinica in its type locality, photograph by Hasan Yıldırım (a-habit; b-flowers; c- and d- upper and lower surfaces of leaves; e-calyx)

FIGURE 20, 21 in Light and Scanning Observations on a Denticula species reported from South Africa and endemism of the diatom genus Tetralunata (Rhopalodiales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURE 20, 21. Tetralunata schoemanii, sp. nov. Septum, cross section. Fig. 20. Septum only. Fig. 21. Valve with costa and septum overlaying the valve. Scale bars = 5 µm.

FIGURES 16–19 in Light and Scanning Observations on a Denticula species reported from South Africa and endemism of the diatom genus Tetralunata (Rhopalodiales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 16–19. Tetralunata schoemanii, sp. nov. Scanning electron microscopy. Internal views. Fig. 16. Valve view with costae evident. Scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 17. Valve with septum overlaying valve. Scale bar = 5 µm. Fig. 18. Septum. Scale bar = 5 µm. Fig. 19. High magnification view of the center of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bar = 1 µm.

FIGURES 1–10 in Light and Scanning Observations on a Denticula species reported from South Africa and endemism of the diatom genus Tetralunata (Rhopalodiales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 1–10. Tetralunata schoemanii, sp. nov. Light Microscopy. Figs 1–8. Size diminution series, valve views, from Holotype slide. Fig. 9. Septa. Fig. 10. Frustule in girdle view showing Häutung valve. Scale bar = 10 µm for all specimens.

FIGURES 11–15 in Light and Scanning Observations on a Denticula species reported from South Africa and endemism of the diatom genus Tetralunata (Rhopalodiales, Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 11–15. Tetralunata schoemanii, sp. nov. Scanning electron microscopy. Valve exterior. Figures 11, 12. Valve view of entire cell. Scale bars = 5 µm. Figs 13, 14. Higher magnification view of volae occluding areolae, on valve face and mantle, respectively. Scale bars = 1.5 µm. Fig. 15. Girdle view showing the girdle bands near the valve apex. Scale bar = 2.5 µm.

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FIGURE 2. A–J. Begonia isadorae E.L.Jacques. A in Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae), a new endemic species from Ilha Grande, an island in southeastern Brazil, with notes on leaf anatomy

FIGURE 2. A–J. Begonia isadorae E.L.Jacques. A, Habitat; B, Petioles; C, Details of indumentum in adaxial leaf surface; D, Staminate flowers; E, Staminate flowers, showing the indumentum; F–H, Pistillate flowers, different periods of anthesis; I, Capsule. (A, I from Gomes s.n (RBR 00059915); B–H Wängler et al. 3235). (Scale bars: A= 35 cm; B= 3 cm; C= 1.5 cm; D–E= 10 mm; F= 8 mm, G= 3 cm, H, 10 mm; I= 10 mm) Photos A, I.L.O. Gomes; B–I, E.L. Jacques.

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FIGURE 1. A–O. Begonia isadorae E.L.Jacques. A in Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae), a new endemic species from Ilha Grande, an island in southeastern Brazil, with notes on leaf anatomy

FIGURE 1. A–O. Begonia isadorae E.L.Jacques. A, Habit; B, Details of the internodes, showing the stipules; C, Petiole scales; D, Details of indumentum in abaxial leaf surface; E–G, Staminate flowers, different periods of anthesis; H, Stamen; I, Apex of the tepals of the pistillate flower, showing the indumentum; J–K, Pistillate flowers, different periods of anthesis; L, Stigmas; M, Bracteoles of pistillate flowers; N, Ovary, cross section; O, Capsule. Illustrations by Maria Alice Rezende from Wängler et al. 3235.

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FIGURE 2 in Comolia paraensis (Melastomataceae), a striking new species of Marcetieae endemic to Pará, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Comolia paraensis in the field. A–B. Fertile branches. B'. Flower detail. C–D. Succulent proximal branches. E. Flower after opening. F–G. Flower in anthesis with preyed stamens. H. Capsules within the persistent hypanthium. Photos and vouchers: Daniela C. Zappi (A, C, H; from D.C. Zappi et al. 4301), Rafael G. Barbosa-Silva (B, D, F–G; still unvouchered), and Pedro L. Viana (E; unvouchered and in cultivation).

FIGURE 6. A in Rediscover of the Iranian endemic alpine Arenaria bulica after 139 years and note of the related species (Caryophyllaceae)

FIGURE 6. A: sepal & petal (Pahlevani 78477); B: Flower, bracts, leaves, petal & capsule (Pahlevani 78477); C: capsule (Behboudi 1306 E); D: petal (Behboudi 1306 E); E: sepals (Behboudi 1306 E); F: Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of seed (Assadi & Mozaffarian 31703); G: close view of the seed surface (Assadi & Mozaffarian 31703); H: Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of seed (Pahlevani 78477); I: close view of the seed surface (Pahlevani 78477). – Scale bars: A-E = 1 mm; F, H = 500 μm; G, I = 100 μm.

FIGURE 5. A in Rediscover of the Iranian endemic alpine Arenaria bulica after 139 years and note of the related species (Caryophyllaceae)

FIGURE 5. A: Bol peak & habitat of Arenaria bulica; B, C, D, E: Arenaria bulica on rocks and boulders in natural habitat; B, C: Pahlevani 78477 (IRAN78477); D, E: Pahlevani & Ghamghami 78123 (IRAN78123). Photos by A. Pahlevani.

FIGURE 7 in Rediscover of the Iranian endemic alpine Arenaria bulica after 139 years and note of the related species (Caryophyllaceae)

FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Arenaria bulica in Zagros Mts. of Iran. (Generated by GeoCat tool at http://geocat.kew.org)

FIGURE 1. Phyllanthus rosellus, A. Habit. B. Cataphylls. C. Leaf. D. Staminate flower. E. Pistillate flower. F. Fruit. G in Reinstatement and lectotypification of Phyllanthus rosellus (Phyllanthaceae), an endemic species from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Phyllanthus rosellus, A. Habit. B. Cataphylls. C. Leaf. D. Staminate flower. E. Pistillate flower. F. Fruit. G. Seed [Drawings by Cristiano Gualberto, from A. M. Torres et al. 274 (UFG) and R. C. Forzza, et al. 3115 (RB)].

FIGURE 4 in Reinstatement and lectotypification of Phyllanthus rosellus (Phyllanthaceae), an endemic species from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Phyllanthus rosellus in Brazil. A. Map of Brazil highlighting the state of Minas Gerais in gray. B. Map of the state of Minas Gerais, showing its border states. C. Map of the state of Minas Gerais, showing the distribution points of the species. State abbreviations: ES= Espírito Santo; GO=Goiás; MG= Minas Gerais; SP= São Paulo; RJ= Rio de Janeiro.

FIGURE 4 in Crassothonna moniliformis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from the Albany Centre of floristic endemism, South Africa

FIGURE 4. Morphology of Crassothonna moniliformis. A. Habit. Bar = 2 cm. B. Disc florets, peripheral (left) and central (right). Corolla lobes are depicted as erect to show the abaxial surface. Bar = 1 mm. C. Ray floret, adaxial view. Bar = 2 mm. D. Involucral bracts (one bract of each morphological type is shown). Bar = 2 mm. E. Style of ray floret (left) and disc floret (right). Bars = 0.5 mm (left), 0.25 mm (right). F. Stamen (four not shown). Bar = 0.5 mm. G. Cypsela from ray floret, adaxial view. Bar = 2 mm. H. Pappus bristle of ray floret (left), peripheral disc floret (centre) and central disc floret (right). Bar = 1 mm. For visual purposes, not all pappus bristles are shown in B and C. Drawings by R.J. McKenzie.

FIGURE 2. Crassothonna moniliformis habitat and growth habit. A in Crassothonna moniliformis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from the Albany Centre of floristic endemism, South Africa

FIGURE 2. Crassothonna moniliformis habitat and growth habit. A. Habitat (Dyam-Dyam, Eastern Cape). B. Growth habit. C. Flowering shoot. D. Capitulum. Photographs by A.P. Dold.

FIGURE 1 in Crassothonna moniliformis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from the Albany Centre of floristic endemism, South Africa

FIGURE 1. Schematic illustration of the basic growth plan exhibited by Crassothonna moniliformis. The distinction between prostrate vegetative spreading stems and upright flowering stems, the differing leaf arrangement on spreading stems and imperfect whorls of leaves, and the compound secondary inflorescence structure are shown.

FIGURE 1. Plinia renatiana. A in Redescription and reevaluation of the extinction risk of Plinia renatiana (Myrtaceae), a species endemic to the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Plinia renatiana. A) Mature individual in the Vale Natural Reserve, Linhares, ES; B) Inner bark darker than outer bark; C) Branch and leaves on the adaxial surface; D) Branch and leaves on the abaxial surface; E) Inflorescence (Folli, D. A. 4664); F) Floral bud; G) Overall appearance of the flower; H) Flower with hypanthium, calyx, and stigma in focus; I) Flower with corolla in focus; J) Petal; K) Hypanthium in sagittal section highlighting the ovary; L) Ripe fruits. (Photos A-K: H. L. Fonseca; Photo L: G. Siqueira).