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Figure 10 in A morphological phylogeny for four families of amblyceran lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae, Boopiidae, Laemobothriidae, Ricinidae)

Figure 10. Characters of the ventrolateral head with the antennal fossae (shaded), in (A) Somaphantus, (B) Numidicola, (C) Colimenopon, (D) Hohorstiella, and (E) Gruimenopon. (F) Laemobothrion with fringe-like temple sculpturing (detail). (G–K): setae at the anterior termination of the ventrolateral head margin, in (G) Ricinus, (H) Laemobothrion, (I) Trochiliphagus, (J) Chapinia, and (K) Plegadiphilus.

Figure 9 in A morphological phylogeny for four families of amblyceran lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae, Boopiidae, Laemobothriidae, Ricinidae)

Figure 9. Form of the antennae in (A) Rediella, with scape (s), pedicel (p) and flagellum (f) components defined, (B) Gruimenopon, (C) Hohorstiella, (D) Cuculiphilus, (E) Paraheterodoxus, (F) Laemobothrion, (G) Trochiliphagus, and (H) outgroup taxon Liposcelis, with segments 1–4 and 12–13 of antenna shown.

Figure 10 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 10. Histology of anterior oesophagus; ventral folding absent. (A) Neverita duplicata. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Nitidiscala tinctum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Panarona clavatula. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (D) Prunum apicinum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (E) Conus jaspideus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (F) Ilyanassa obsoletus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (G) Urosalpinx cinerea. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: asg, accessory salivary gland; ca, radular cartilage; ceg, cerebral ganglion; df, dorsal fold; dl, duct of gland of Leiblein; e, oesophagus; int, intestine; j, jaw; ps, proboscis sheath; r, radula; sgd, salivary gland duct; sgl, salivary gland; vc, ventral channel.

Figure 18 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 18. Midgut morphology. White arrows indicate direction of ciliary currents. (A) Prunum apicinum, dorsal view. (B) Conus jaspideus, dorsal view. Scale bar = 100 Mm. Abbreviations: dgd, digestive gland duct; e, oesophagus; gp, glandular pad; t1, major typhlosole.

Figure 17 in A morphological phylogeny for four families of amblyceran lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae, Boopiidae, Laemobothriidae, Ricinidae)

Figure 17. Male genitalia with parameres (shaded), in (A) Chapinia, with basal apodome (b) indicated, (B) Plegadiphilus, (C) Colpocephalum, (D) Menopon, (E) Latumcephalum, showing mesosomal arch (m) (shaded), and (F) Ricinus.

Figure 7 in A morphological phylogeny for four families of amblyceran lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae, Boopiidae, Laemobothriidae, Ricinidae)

Figure 7. Forms of the tentorial bridge in (A) Actornithophilus, (B) Ricinus, (C) Odoriphila, and (D) Dennyus.

Figure 32 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 32. Evolution of the style sac. Black hashmarks indicate forward changes, grey hashmarks indicate forward homoplasies (DELTRAN). Inset shows optimization of 'style sac present/absent.' Hashmark indicates 'loss of style sac' in Macleaniella moskalevi.

Figure 16 in A morphological phylogeny for four families of amblyceran lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae, Boopiidae, Laemobothriidae, Ricinidae)

Figure 16. Female terminalia of (A) Boopia, with gonapophyses (g), (B) Osborniella, (C) Ancistrona, and (D) Numidicola.

Figure 5 in A morphological phylogeny for four families of amblyceran lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae, Boopiidae, Laemobothriidae, Ricinidae)

Figure 5. Character state evolution with the Menoponidae (clades 'C' and 'D'). Characters which change unambiguously are shown mapped onto the strict consensus tree. Unique changes = Z. For character state descriptions, see Appendix 2.

Figure 23 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 23. Kidney morphology; derived caenogastropods with two differentiated lobes of lamellae. (A) Neverita duplicata, dorsal view. Kidney opened between lobes of differentiated lamellae. (B) Cypraea robertsi, dorsal view. Intestine removed to reveal internal details. (C) Panarona clavatula, dorsal view, posterior chamber on left, anterior chamber on right. Kidney roof opened between lobes of primary and secondary lamellae. Note meronephridial condition (no interdigitation of lamellae) and that dorsal branch of afferent renal vessel supplies both primary and secondary tubules. (D) Prunum apicinum, dorsal view. Note small region of secondary tubules within kidney roof supplied by dorsal branch of afferent renal vessel. (E) Ilyanassa obsoletus, dorsal view. Note pycnonephridial condition (interdigitation of lamellae). Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: al, anterior kidney lobe; arv, afferent renal vessel; au, auricle; darv, dorsal branch of afferent renal vessel; int, intestine; ng, nephridial gland; np, nephropore; per, pericardium; pl, posterior kidney lobe; rpc, reno-pericardial canal; ve, ventricle.

Figure 14 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 14. Midgut morphology. White arrows indicate direction of ciliary currents. (A) Petaloconchus varians, dorsal view. (B) Crepidula plana, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: c, caecum; cf, ciliated fold; ctr, ciliary tract; dgd, digestive gland duct; e, oesophagus; gp, glandular pad; gs, gastric shield; if, intestinal flap; sa, sorting area; ss, style sac; t1, major typhlosole; t2, minor typhlosole.

Figure 5 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 5. Histology of subradular organ. (A) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Transverse section. Note bi-layered jaw. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Marisa cornuarietis. Sagittal section. Note bi-layered jaw. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Lampanella minima. Transverse section. Note jaw with exposed rods. Scale bar = 1 mm. (D) Strombus mutabilis. Transverse section. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (E) Crepidula plana. Transverse section. Scale bar = 1 mm. (F) Littorina littorea. Sagittal section. Scale bar = 1 mm. (G) Neverita duplicata. Transverse section. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (H) Panarona clavatula. Transverse section. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: c., radular cartilage; j, jaw; mo, mouth; r, radula; srm, subradular membrane; sro, subradular organ.

Figure 17 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 17. Midgut morphology. White arrows indicate direction of ciliary currents. (A) Nitidiscala tinctum, dorsal view. (B) Panarona clavatula, dorsal view. Note paired folds on midgut floor between oesophageal aperture and large digestive gland duct. Scale bar = 100 Mm. Abbreviations: dgd, digestive gland duct; e, oesophagus; gp, glandular pad; ig, intestinal groove; int, intestine; t1, major typhlosole; t2, minor typhlosole.

Figure 6 in A morphological phylogeny for four families of amblyceran lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae, Boopiidae, Laemobothriidae, Ricinidae)

Figure 6. Characters of the dorsal head, the dorsal head setae (DHS 8–31) and sensilla (a–e) sensu Clay (1969) from (A) a typical menoponid head, (B) Paraboopia, (C) Colpocephalum, (D) Colimenopon, (E) Austromenopon, and (F) Trochiloecetes.

Figure 22 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 22. Kidney morphology; basal caenogastropods with undifferentiated lamellae. (A) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum, lateral view. Dotted line indicates removed lateral lobe overhanging pericardium. Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Bithynia tentaculata, dorsal view. Scale bar =.5 mm. (C) Petaloconchus varians, ventral view. Horizontal line indicates base of mantle cavity. Excretory tubules within pallial portion revealed by ventral incision. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (D) Strombus mutabilis. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: arv, afferent renal vessel; au, auricle; ng, nephridial gland; np, nephropore; per, pericardium; rpc, reno-pericardial canal; ve, ventricle.

Figure 24 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 24. Circum-oesophageal nerve ring morphology. (A) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Lampanella minima. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Crepidula plana. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (D) Cypraea robertsi. Upper diagram depicts cerebral, pleural, supra-esophageal, and sub-oesophageal ganglia; lower diagram depicts pedal ganglia and pedal cords. Scale bar = 1 mm. (E) Nitidiscala tinctum. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (F) Prunum apicinum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (G) Ilyanassa obsoletus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: bg, buccal ganglion; ceg, cerebral ganglion; d, dialyneury; e, oesophagus; pc, pedal cord; pdg, pedal ganglion; plg, pleural ganglion; ppg, propodial ganglion; sb, sub-oesophageal ganglion; sc, statocone; sp, supra-oesophageal ganglion; z, zygoneury.

Figure 3 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 3. Male reproductive morphology. (A) Lampanella minima. Note connective tissue between renal vas deferens and pericardium and accessory lobe of prostatic tissue on mantle cavity floor alongside proximal prostate. (B) Petaloconchus varians. (C) Crepidula plana. Note terminal papilla. (D) Strombus mutabilis. Note seminal groove continuous along ventral aspect of penis. (E) Cypraea robertsi. Note seminal groove continuous along ventral aspect of penis. (F) Prunum apicinum. Penial duct not shown. Arrow indicates slit-like communication between proximal prostate and mantle cavity. (G) Ilyanassa obsoletus. Arrow indicates fused, tube-like communication between proximal prostate and mantle cavity. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: ped, penial duct; pe, penis; per, pericardium; pr, prostate; pvd, pallial vas deferens; sg, seminal groove.

Figure 8 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 8. Histology of anterior oesophagus; ventral fold. (A) Macleaniella moskalevi. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Theodoxus fluviatilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (D) Lampanella minima. Scale bar = 1 mm. (E) Strombus mutabilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (F) Littorina littorea. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (G) Cypraea robertsi. Note that ventral fold is offset to the right. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: bp, buccal pouch; bg, buccal ganglion; c., radular cartilage; ceg, cerebral ganglion; df, dorsal fold; e.g. oesophageal gland; r, radula; sgd, salivary gland duct; sgl, salivary gland; vf, ventral fold; vlf, ventro-lateral fold.

Figure 28 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda

Figure 28. Evolution of the reproductive system. Black hashmarks indicate forward changes, grey hashmarks indicate forward homoplasies (DELTRAN).

Figure 3 in A morphological phylogeny for four families of amblyceran lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae, Boopiidae, Laemobothriidae, Ricinidae)

Figure 3. Character state evolution within the Ricinidae, Laemobothriidae and Boopiidae. Characters which change unambiguously are shown mapped onto the strict consensus tree. Unique changes = Z. For character state descriptions, see Appendix 2.