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1,103 results for “Actinopterygii”
Fig. 1 in Growth of the Silverside Atherinella brasiliensis in Tramandaí Estuary, Southern Brazil (Actinopterygii: Atherinopsidae)
Fig. 1. Length/weight relationship of the silverside Atherinella brasiliensis in Tramandaí Estuary, Southern Brazil.
Figure 6 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 6. Results of phylogenetic analyses of the morphology data set. A, majority rule consensus topology of four equally parsimonious trees. Numbers above branches represent non-parametric bootstrap support, numbers below are Bremer (1988) decay indices. Species groups and subgenera recognized by Taylor (1969) are indicated as follows: E = Elegans group, FB = Funebris group, FR = Furiosus group, H = Hildebrandi group, M = Miurus group, N = Noturus, R = Rabida, S = Schilbeodes. B, Bayesian consensus topology; asterisks above branches indicate posterior probabilities ± 0.95.
Figure 8 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 8. Results of phylogenetic analyses of the combined (morphology + cyt b + RAG2) data set. A, single most parsimonious tree resulting from parsimony analyses including (offset box at left) and excluding Noturus trautmani. Numbers above branches indicate non-parametric bootstrap support, numbers below branches correspond to node numbers in Table 2 which outlines partitioned Bremer (1988) support for each node. Nodes recovered in the morphologyonly analysis are indicated by an open circle, molecular analysis by a closed circle and both analyses by an open square. Clades recognized in this study are indicated as follows: a = albater, e = elegans, fb = funebris, fr = furiosus, g = gyrinus, h = hildebrandi, r = rabida. B, Bayesian consensus topology from analyses including (offset box at left) and excluding N. trautmani. Asterisks above branches indicate posterior probabilities ± 0.95. Nodes recovered with posterior probabilities ± 0.95 in the morphology-only analysis are indicated by an open circle, molecular analysis by a closed circle and both analyses by an open square.
Figure 7 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 7. Results of phylogenetic analyses of the molecular (cyt b + RAG2) data set. A, single most parsimonious tree resulting from parsimony analysis. Numbers above branches indicate non-parametric bootstrap support, numbers below are Bremer (1988) decay indices. B, Bayesian consensus topology; asterisks above branches indicate posterior probabilities ± 0.95.
Figure 5. A, B in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 5. A, B, tripus and os suspensor, ventral view, anterior at top. A, Noturus maydeni, JFBM 40815; B, N. funebris, JFBM 43002. C–E, caudal vertebrae, lateral view, anterior at left. C, N. funebris, JFBM 43002; D, N. gladiator, JFBM 40771; E, N. elegans, JFBM 41047. c1 = vertebral centrum 1; CC1 = complex centrum – Weberian apparatus; osus = os suspensor; tr = tripus. Numbers refer to characters and states listed in Appendix S2. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 4 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 4. Weberian complex and associated dorsal fin structures, dorsal view, anterior at bottom. A, Noturus munitus, JFBM 43107; B, N. maydeni, JFBM 39170; C, N. gilberti, JFBM 42496; D, N. funebris, JFBM 43002. dsp1 = dorsal fin spine 1; dsp2 = dorsal fin spine 2; np1 = nuchal plate 1; np2 = nuchal plate 2; ns4 = neural spine 4; pr1 = proximal radial 1; tp4 = transverse process fourth vertebra; tp5 = transverse process fifth vertebra. Numbers refer to characters and states listed in Appendix S2. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 2 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 2. Suspensorium, lateral view, anterior at left. A, Noturus elegans, JFBM 41047; B, N. gladiator, JFBM 40771; C, N. insignis, JFBM 43239; D, N. funebris, JFBM 41501. enp = endopterygoid; h = hyomandibula; iop = interopercle; mpt = metapterygoid; op = opercle; pop = preopercle; q = quadrate. Numbers refer to characters and states listed in Appendix S2. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 3. A, B in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 3. A, B, pectoral girdle, ventral view, anterior at top. A, Noturus munitus, JFBM 43107; B, N. funebris, JFBM 43002. C–E, posttemporo-supracleithrum, posterior view, anterior into page. C, N. munitus, JFBM 43107; D, N. eleutherus, JFBM 43055; E, N. funebris, JFBM 43002. cl = cleithrum; pr = pectoral radial; ps = pectoral fin spine; sco = scapulo-coracoid. Numbers refer to characters and states listed in Appendix S2. Cartilage shown by grey shading. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 1 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 1. Neurocranium and associated laterosensory canals, dorsal view, anterior at top. A, Noturus albater, JFBM 39350; B, N. eleutherus, JFBM 43055; C, N. insignis, JFBM 41247; D, N. funebris, JFBM 41501. ep = epioccipital; f = frontal; le = lateral ethmoid; me = mesethmoid; n = nasal; pa-so = parieto-supraoccipital; pto = pterotic; spo = sphenotic. Numbers refer to characters and states listed in Appendix S2. Cartilage shown by grey shading. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 3 in On the homology of the posteriormost gill arch in polypterids (Cladistia, Actinopterygii)
Figure 3. Polypterus bichir, ventral view of heart, afferent branchial arteries, pulmonary arteries, lungs, and left branchial arches with gill filaments, reproduced from Müller (1846). Note hemibranch on last arch and presence of four afferent branchial arteries.
Figure 2 in On the homology of the posteriormost gill arch in polypterids (Cladistia, Actinopterygii)
Figure 2. Polypterus bichir, copula and right gill arches in ventral (above) and dorsal (below) views, reproduced from Allis (1922). Note decreasing size of dorsal gill arch elements from first to third arch.
Figure 1 in On the homology of the posteriormost gill arch in polypterids (Cladistia, Actinopterygii)
Figure 1. Polypterus bichir, skull in lateral view and copula and right ventral gill arches in ventral view, reproduced from Müller (1846). Note presence of only four gill arches.
Figure 32. Dorsal gill arches. A in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 32. Dorsal gill arches. A, Hiodon alosoides (UMA F10597, 62 mm SL). B, Xenomystus nigri (FMNH 69494, approx. 90 mm SL). C, Myomyrus macrodon (MCZ 50218, 102 mm SL). D, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (UMA F10336, approx. 55 mm SL); iph1 of the left side is missing from this specimen and is indicated by dashed line. E, Pantodon buchholzi (FMNH 63752, 74 mm SL); iph2 of right side is abnormally small. F, Arapaima gigas (UMA F11261, 145 mm SL); gill rakers omitted from the left side. All in ventral (= oral) view except Hiodon, which is in dorsal view. Cartilage shown in black. Anterior facing left. Illustration of Hiodon modified from Hilton (2002: fig. 56).
Figure 41 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 41. Semi-schematic illustrations of right opercles in medial view (except C, which is left opercle in lateral view). A, Elops (UMA F10255; 425 mm SL). B, Hiodon (UMA F10177; 267 mm SL). C, †Lycoptera (Modified from Jin et al., 1995: fig. 6). D, Arapaima (UMA F11263; est. 1270 mm SL). E, Pantodon (UMA F11264; 70 mm SL). F, Xenomystus (FMNH 69494; approx. 90 mm SL). G, Scleropages (UMA F11266, approx. 320 mm SL). H, Osteoglossum (UMA F10160, 365 mm SL). I, Gnathonemus (UMA F11267, approx. 140 mm SL). Anterior facing left.
Figure 38. Caudal skeleton. A in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 38. Caudal skeleton. A, †Phareodus testis (UMA F11332, 260 mm SL). B, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (FMNH 109232a, 270 mm SL). C, Pantodon buchholzi (FMNH 63752, 62 mm SL). D, Heterotis niloticus (UMA F10653, 75 mm SL). Anterior facing left.
Figure 31 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 31. Ventral elements of the gill arches and basihyal of mormyrids. A, Petrocephalus simus (MCZ 50113, 55 mm SL). B, Campylomormyrus tamandua (FMNH 55300B, 84 mm SL). C, basibranchial toothplate, basibranchial 1 and urohyal of C. rhynchophorus (MCZ 50166, 97 mm SL). A & B shown in dorsal and ventral views; C shown in lateral view. Arrow in A & B indicates the position at which the hypohyals and ceratohyals meet the basihyal/basibranchial skeleton. Cartilage shown in black. Anterior facing left.
Figure 23 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 23. Suspensorium and opercular bones in lateral view. A, Chitala chitala (UMA F10349, 437 mm SL). B, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (UMA F10160, 365 mm SL). Note the groove-like opening in the ventral portion of the preopercular sensory canal. Also notice that in Chitala there is are no distinct horizontal and vertical limbs of the preopercle (see Discussion in Characters Not Used in Analysis). The element labelled 'dpl + ecp' has been suggested in the past to be a fusion of the dermopalatine and the ectopterygoid, although no ontogenetic evidence supports this (see Character 30). Anterior facing left.
Figure 18 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 18. Occipital region in ventral view. A, Elops saurus (UMA F10255, 425 mm SL). B, Hiodon alosoides (UMA F10581, 315 mm SL). C, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (UMA F10160, 365 mm SL). D, Arapaima gigas (UMA F10355, est. 1500 + mm TL). E, Gnathonemus petersii (UMA F11267, approx. 140 mm SL). F, Chitala chitala (UMA F10349, 437 mm SL). G, Pantodon buchholzi (UMA F11265, approx. 50 mm SL). Anterior facing left.
Figure 24 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 24. Suspensorium and opercular bones in medial view. A, Chitala chitala (UMA F10349, 437 mm SL). B, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (UMA F10160, 365 mm SL). Note that the subopercle is absent in Chitala (as it is in all notopterids) and is reduced and positioned along the anteroventral margin of the opercle in Osteoglossum. The interopercle is missing in this specimen of Osteoglossum. The element labelled 'dpl + ecp' has been suggested in the past to be a fusion of the dermopalatine and the ectopterygoid, although no ontogenetic evidence supports this (see Character 30). Anterior facing right.
Figure 35 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)
Figure 35. Caudal skeleton of two small juveniles of Arapaima gigas. A, photograph and B, line drawing of a 57-mm SL specimen (FMNH 97450a). C, photograph and D, line drawing of an 145 SL specimen (UMA F11261). Fin rays omitted from drawings. Note the two fused neural arches and spines on pu2 in FMNH 97450a (A & B). Note also the teratological nature of pu3 in UMA F11261 (C & D). In FMNH 97450a, the only elements of the caudal skeleton that have fused are hypurals 3 and 4, which have partially fused to each other as well as firmly fused to the second ural centrum (A & B). By 145 mm SL (UMA F11261; C & D), hypurals 3 through 6 have all fused to u2, and the uroneural is partially fused to hypural 6. Anterior facing left.
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