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FIGURE 2 in Moenkhausia restricta, a new species from the upper Rio Negro, Amazon basin, northwestern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 2. Medial view of left side of upper and lower jaws of Moenkhausia restricta, LBP 7066, paratype, 39.3 mm SL. a. left maxilla, b. left premaxilla and c. left dentary. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Mastiglanis Bockmann 1994 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Amazon River basin, Peru

FIGURE 8. Linear regression of the main morphological measures to differentiate Mastiglanis yaguas (white circle), and Mastiglanis asopos (black circle). Dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Mastiglanis Bockmann 1994 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Amazon River basin, Peru

FIGURE 7. Scatter plot of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) between component 2 and component 3, of Mastiglanis asopos (red), and Mastiglanis yaguas (blue).

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Mastiglanis Bockmann 1994 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Amazon River basin, Peru

FIGURE 6. Boxplot showing meristic variation among Mastiglanis. (A) Total number of unbranched anal-fin rays. (B) Total number of branched anal-fin rays.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Mastiglanis Bockmann 1994 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Amazon River basin, Peru

FIGURE 2. Dorsal view of cranium of Mastiglanis yaguas, paratype, MUSM 61686, 42.7 mm SL. Abbreviations: af = anterior fontanel; ap = autopalatine; ep = epioccipital; ex = exoccipital; fr = frontal; le = lateral ethmoid; mx = maxilla; na = nasal; pf = posterior fontanel; pm = premaxilla; pt = pterotic; soc = supraoccipital; sp = sphenotic; tp4a = anterior branch of transverse process of vertebra 4; tp4b = posterior branch of transverse process of vertebra 4; tp5 = transverse process of vertebra 5. Arrow = symphysial region of premaxilla.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Mastiglanis Bockmann 1994 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Amazon River basin, Peru

FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of Mastiglanis yaguas (red circle), M. asopos (white triangle), and M. durantoni (yellow square). Stars represent the type localities of each species. Each symbol may represent more than one specimen.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Mastiglanis Bockmann 1994 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Amazon River basin, Peru

FIGURE 4. Lateral view of caudal skeleton of Mastiglanis yaguas, paratype, MUSM 61686, 42.7 mm SL. Abbreviations: epu = epural; hu1 + hu2 = hypurals 1 and 2; hu3 + hu4 + hu5 = hypurals 3, 4, and 5; ph = parhypural; pu1 + u1 = preural centrum 1 and ural centrum 1; pu2 = preural centrum 2; ur = uroneural. Arrows: anterior processes.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Mastiglanis Bockmann 1994 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Amazon River basin, Peru

FIGURE 1. Mastiglanis yaguas, new species, MUSM 66612, holotype, 49.1 mm SL, (A) Lateral view of right side (image flipped), (B) Dorsal view, (C) Ventral view. Bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Mastiglanis Bockmann 1994 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Amazon River basin, Peru

FIGURE 3. Lateral view of suspensorium of Mastiglanis yaguas, paratype, MUSM 61686, 42.7 mm SL. Abbreviations: en = entopterygoid; hy = hyomandibula; io = interopercle; mt = metapterygoid; op = opercle; pop = preopercle; and qu = quadrate.

FIGURE 2 in A new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group from the Central Amazon basin, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Hyphessobrycon sateremawe new species, living specimen, not preserved, collected with type specimens in the rio Abacaxis basin.

FIGURE 1. Hyphessobrycon sateremawe new species. A in A new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group from the Central Amazon basin, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Hyphessobrycon sateremawe new species. A) INPA 59494, holotype, 26.2 mm SL, male, Brazil, Amazonas, Nova Olinda do Norte, rio Abacaxis basin, Paraná do Urariá basin. B) INPA 34941, paratype, 24.7 mm CP, female, Brazil, Amazonas, Maués, rio Maués-Açu basin, Paraná do Urariá basin.

FIGURE 4 in A new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group from the Central Amazon basin, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Map of central Amazon basin, showing the known distribution of Hyphessobrycon sateremawe (white star indicates type locality; white circles indicate remaining known localities).

FIGURE 3 in A new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group from the Central Amazon basin, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Tooth-bearing portions of jaw bones in Hyphessobrycon sateremawe, paratype, INPA 50729, 24.3 mm SL. A) Mesial view of premaxillary, right side. B) mesial view of distal portion of lower jaw, right side. C) lateral view of distal portion of maxillary, right side. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Loricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Turiaçu River basin, Eastern Amazon region, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of Loricaria turi. Star represents the holotype and circles paratypes.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Loricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Turiaçu River basin, Eastern Amazon region, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Linear regressions of morphometric variables in L. cf. cataphracta and L. turi. All measurements are expressed in millimeter. A) Head length vs Minimum orbital diameter (L. cf. cataphracta: R2=0.33, p<0.0001; L. turi: R2=0.54, p<0.0001); B) Head length vs Internares distance(L. cf. cataphracta: R2=0.37, p<0.0001; L. turi: R2=0.65, p<0.0001); C) Standard length vs Post–dorsal distance (L. cf. cataphracta: R2=0.85, p<0.0001; L. turi: R2=0.97, p<0.0001); D) Standard length vs Post-anal distance (L. cf. cataphracta: R2=0.83, p<0.0001; L. turi: R2=0.95, p<0.0001).

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Loricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Turiaçu River basin, Eastern Amazon region, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Abdominal plate variation between: A) Loricaria parnahybae (CPUFMA 159, 167.4 mm SL); B) Loricaria cf. cataphracta (CPUFMA 2150, 205.6 mm SL); C) Loricaria turi (CPUFMA 285, 214.8 mm SL).

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Loricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Turiaçu River basin, Eastern Amazon region, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Loricaria turi, holotype, CPUFMA 3204, 192.2 mm SL, Lago do Rapa Cuia, Turiaçu River Basin, municipality of Santa Helena, Maranh"o state, Brazil.