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1,017 results for “Antimicrobial”
Co-occurrence of antimicrobials and metals in swine manure as potential drivers of antimicrobial resistance in the environment
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Data from: Antimicrobial peptide LL37 is potent against non-growing Escherichia coli cells despite a slower action rate
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Genomic analysis of the diversity, antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from a private health care center in Central Chile
<p>Supplementary Dataset for the work entitled "Genomic analysis of the diversity, antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from a private health care center in Central Chile".</p> <p>This dataset includes bacterial draft genome sequence reannotations of 69 C. jejuni and 12 C. coli strains, the fasta file containing the nucleotide sequence of <em>Campylobacter</em> pathogenicity genes screened for the virulome analysis and the fasta file for the in-house database for plasmid screening analysis in <em>Campylobacter </em>genomes.</p>
Neisseria gonorrhoeae clustering to reveal major European WGS-based genogroups in association with antimicrobial resistance (cgMLST and MScgMLST schemas, allelic profile matrices and GrapeTree input file)
<p>This dataset refers to the gene-by-gene analysis of 3791 <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> genomes from 21 European countries and includes the used cgMLST and MScgMLST loci schemas prepared for the chewBBACA core suite, as well as the associated allelic profile matrices for all genomes. Additionally a <em>.json</em> file is made available for direct input in the GrapTree vizualization software for data/metadata exploration. </p> <p>All novel raw sequence reads used in this study were deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) (BioProject PRJEB36482). Additional raw sequence read data used were retrieved from the following ENA BioProjects: PRJEB14933; PRJEB2124; PRJEB23008; PRJEB26560; PRJEB9227; PRJNA275092; PRJNA348107; PRJNA473385; PRJNA315363. </p>
Innate immunity promotes sleep through epidermal antimicrobial peptides
<p>Wounding and infection trigger a protective innate immune response that includes the production of antimicrobial peptides in the affected tissue as well as increased sleep. Little is known, however, how peripheral wounds or innate immunity signal to the nervous system to increase sleep. We found that during <i>C. elegans</i> larval molting, an epidermal tolloid/BMP-1-like protein called NAS-38 promotes sleep. NAS-38 is negatively regulated by its thrombospondin domain and acts through its astacin protease domain to activate p38 MAP/PMK-1 kinase and TGF-β-SMAD/SMA-3-dependent innate immune pathways in the epidermis that cause STAT/STA-2 and SLC6 (solute carrier)/SNF-12-dependent expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes. We show that more than a dozen epidermal AMPs act as somnogens, signaling across tissues to promote sleep through the sleep-active RIS neuron. In the adult, epidermal injury activates innate immunity and turns up AMP production to trigger sleep, a process that requires EGFR signaling that is known to promote sleep following cellular stress. We show for one AMP, NLP-29, that it acts through the neuropeptide receptor NPR-12 in locomotion-controlling neurons that are presynaptic to RIS and that depolarize this neuron to induce sleep. Sleep in turn increases the chance of surviving injury. Thus, we found a novel mechanism by which peripheral wounds signal to the nervous system to increase protective sleep. Such a cross-tissue somnogen signaling function of AMPs might also boost sleep in other animals including humans.</p>
Annexes to the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2017/2018
<p><strong>Version 2 - changes as compared to version 1</strong></p> <p>The following revisions were applied to the file EUSR AMR2018_Annexes A-F.docx in the<em> section Annex F</em>:</p> <p>- in Table 6B, pages 119-120, the footnotes (e) to (p) were re-attributed in the table, so as to match the table footnotes;</p> <p>- in Table 31 on page 123, 'LA' was replaced with 'HA' for Belgium data in the column titled 'LA, CA or HA'.</p> <p>Light formatting has been applied on pages 121 and 122, Tables 7a and 7b, changed from portrait to landscape orientation, as well as to footers and headers that were made consistent throughout the document.</p> <p>---------</p> <p><strong>Version 1 </strong></p> <p>All tables produced for the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in Zoonotic and Indicator Bacteria from Humans, Animals and Food in 2018 :</p> <p>- Campylobacter</p> <p>- E. coli</p> <p>- MRSA</p> <p>-Salmonella</p> <p>- ESBL</p> <p>Annexes A to F are also included.</p> <p> </p>
Tactic-specific antimicrobial activity suggests a parental care function for accessory glands in a marine toadfish
<p>Males of some species possess extra reproductive organs called accessory glands which are outgrowths of the testes or sperm duct. These organs have a well-established role in reproduction; however, they also appear to have other important functions that are less understood. Here we investigate the function of the highly complex accessory glands of a marine toadfish, <em>Porichthys notatus, </em>a fish with two reproductive male types: large care-providing 'guarder' males and small non-caring 'sneaker' males. While both male types have accessory glands, guarder male accessory glands are much larger relative to their body size. We show that accessory gland fluids strongly inhibit the growth of bacterial genera associated with unhealthy eggs and have no effect on the growth of strains isolated from healthy eggs. This antibacterial effect was particularly pronounced for extracts from guarder males. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both healthy and unhealthy plainfin midshipman eggs have diverse but distinct microbial communities that differ in their composition and abundance. The highly specific inhibitory capacity of accessory gland fluid on bacteria from unhealthy eggs was robust across a wide range of ecologically relevant temperatures and salinities. Collectively, these ecological and molecular observations suggest a care function for the accessory gland, mediated by antimicrobial agents.</p>
Data from: A controlled quasi-experimental study of an educational intervention to reduce the unnecessary use of antimicrobials for asymptomatic bacteriuria
Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) should only be treated in cases of pregnancy or in-patients undergoing urologic procedures; however, unnecessary treatment of ABU is common in clinical practice. Objective: To identify risk factors for unnecessary treatment and to assess the impact of an educational intervention focused on these risk factors on treatment of ABU. Design: Quasi-experimental study with a control group. Setting: Two tertiary teaching adult care hospitals. Participants: Consecutive patients with positive urine cultures between January 30th and April 17th, 2012 (baseline) and January 30th and April 30th, 2013 (intervention). Intervention: In January 2013, a multifaceted educational intervention based on risk factors identified during the baseline period was provided to medical residents (monthly) on one clinical teaching unit (CTU) at one hospital site, with the CTU of the other hospital serving as the control. Results: During the baseline period, 160/341 (46.9%) positive urine cultures were obtained from asymptomatic patients at the two hospitals, and 94/160 (58.8%) were inappropriately treated with antibiotics. Risk factors for inappropriate use included: female gender (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-4.3), absence of a catheter (OR 2.5, 1.2-5), bacteriuria versus candiduria (OR 10.6, 3.8-29.4), pyuria (OR 2.0, 1.1-3.8), and positive nitrites (OR 2.2, 1.1-4.5). In 2013, only 2/24 (8%) of ABU patients were inappropriately treated on the intervention CTU as compared to 14/29 (52%) on the control CTU (OR 0.10; 95% CI 0.02-0.49). A reduction was also observed as compared to baseline on the intervention CTU (OR 0.1, 0.02-0.7) with no significant change noted on the control CTU (OR 0.47, 0.13-1.7). Conclusions: A multifaceted educational intervention geared towards medical residents with a focus on identified risk factors for inappropriate management of ABU was effective in reducing unnecessary antibiotic use.
Data from: Evolution of defence cocktails: antimicrobial peptide combinations reduce mortality and persistent infection
The simultaneous expression of costly immune effectors such as multiple antimicrobial peptides is a hallmark of innate immunity of multicellular organisms, yet the adaptive advantage remains unresolved. Here, we test current hypotheses on the evolution of such defence cocktails. We use RNAi gene knock-down to explore, the effects of three highly expressed antimicrobial peptides, displaying different degrees of activity in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, during an infection in the beetle Tenebrio molitor. We find that a defensin confers no survival benefit but reduces bacterial loads. A coleoptericin contributes to host survival without affecting bacterial loads. An attacin has no individual effect. Simultaneous knock-down of the defensin with the other AMPs results in increased mortality and elevated bacterial loads. Contrary to common expectations, the effects on host survival and bacterial load can be independent. The expression of multiple AMPs increases host survival and contributes to the control of persisting infections and tolerance. This is an emerging property that explains the adaptive benefit of defence cocktails.
Horizontal gene transfer is the main driver of antimicrobial resistance in broiler chicks infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg
<p>Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in clinical settings and in food production have been linked to the increased prevalence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AR). Consequently, public health and consumer concerns have resulted in a remarkable reduction in antibiotics used for food animal production. However, there are no data on the effectiveness of antibiotic removal in reducing AR shared through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In this study, we used neonatal broiler chicks and Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (SH), a model food pathogen, to test if chicks raised antibiotic-free harbor transferable AR. We challenged chicks with an antibiotic susceptible SH strain using various routes of inoculation and determined if SH isolates recovered carried plasmids conferring AR. We used antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to show that chicks grown without antibiotics harbored antimicrobial resistant SH population 14 days after challenge and chicks challenged orally acquired AR at a higher rate than chicks inoculated via the cloaca. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing we found that SH infection perturbed the microbiota of broiler chicks and used metagenomics and WGS to confirm commensal Escherichia coli population as the main reservoir of IncI1 plasmid acquired by SH. The carriage of this IncI1 plasmid posed no fitness cost to SH but increased its fitness when exposed to acidic pH in vitro. These results suggest that HGT of plasmids carrying AR shaped the evolution of SH and that antibiotic use reduction alone is insufficient to limit antibiotic resistance transfer from commensal bacteria to Salmonella.</p>
supplemental materials for "Feruloyl Glyceride as a Natural Antimicrobial for Inhibiting Postharvest Penicillium Rot in Tomatoes by Accelerating the Deposit of Suberin"
<p>Supplemental Figures <br>Table S1. The sequence of qPCR primers<br>Table S2. Quantities of various compounds<br>Table S3. Differential metabolites with up-regulated expression<br>Table S4. Differentially expressed genes with up-regulated expression<br>Table S5. Differentially expressed genes in the suberin synthesis pathway<br>Table S6. Differential metabolites in suberin synthesis pathway<br>Table S7. Correlation analysis</p>
Fig. 6. ITS2 secondary structures showing significant variations between our isolate A in Funiculosone, a substituted dihydroxanthene-1,9-dione with two of its analogues produced by an endolichenic fungus Talaromyces funiculosus and their antimicrobial activity
Fig. 6. ITS2 secondary structures showing significant variations between our isolate A. Talaromyces sp. (MF927596.1*) and B. T. funiculosus (consensus), incompatible base pairs are highlighted in pale red and yellow colour based on their degrees of incompatibility; * indicating own isolate. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 5 in Funiculosone, a substituted dihydroxanthene-1,9-dione with two of its analogues produced by an endolichenic fungus Talaromyces funiculosus and their antimicrobial activity
Fig. 5. Maximum Parsimony (MP) tree constructed using 88 ITS rDNA (A) and 58 ITS2 sequences (B) of different Talaromyces spp. showing taxonomic placement of our isolate (indicated by an asterisk).
Fig. 3 in Funiculosone, a substituted dihydroxanthene-1,9-dione with two of its analogues produced by an endolichenic fungus Talaromyces funiculosus and their antimicrobial activity
Fig. 3. ECD spectra of funiculosone, 1 (green line) and mangrovamide J, 2 (pink line). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 4 in Funiculosone, a substituted dihydroxanthene-1,9-dione with two of its analogues produced by an endolichenic fungus Talaromyces funiculosus and their antimicrobial activity
Fig. 4. ORTEP view of 2-phase-II showing atomic labeling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level.
Fig. 2 in Funiculosone, a substituted dihydroxanthene-1,9-dione with two of its analogues produced by an endolichenic fungus Talaromyces funiculosus and their antimicrobial activity
Fig. 2. ORTEP view of funiculosone (1) showing atomic labeling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level.
Simulation Dataset: The antimicrobial fibupeptide lugdunin forms water-filled channel structures in lipid membranes
<p>The Zenodo repository contains data to the molecular dynamics simulations in the following manuscript: </p> <p><strong>The antimicrobial fibupeptide lugdunin forms water-filled channel structures in lipid membranes </strong></p> <p>by</p> <p>Dominik Ruppelt, Marius F. W. Trollmann, Taulant Dema, Sebastian N. Wirtz, Hendrik <br>Flegel, Sophia Mönnikes, Stephanie Grond, Rainer A. Böckmann*, Claudia Steinem*</p> <p>0) Lugdunin-parameterization</p> <p>1) Lugdunin-stack-stability</p> <p> - trans_configuration.gro: Artifical lugdunin stack in trans configuration (see SFig. 23 a).</p> <p> - gauche_configuration.gro: Artifical lugdunin stack in gauche configuration (see SFig. 23 b)</p> <p> - DMPC</p> <p> - DOPC</p> <p> - POPC</p> <p> - POPC_CHOL</p> <p>2) Partitioning-of-Lugdunin-in-Membranes</p> <p> - POPC</p> <p> - POPC_CHOL</p> <p> - GRAMPOS</p> <p>3) PMF-calculations</p> <p> - GRAMPOS_WT</p> <p> - POPC_CHOL_MUT</p> <p> - POPC_CHOL_WT</p> <p> - POPC_MUT</p> <p> - POPC_WT</p>
Supplementary Information: Multimodal binding and inhibition of bacterial ribosomes by the 2 antimicrobial peptides Api137 and Api88
<div> <div>This dataset contains important data files for the MD simulation that are part of this publication.</div> <div> </div> <div>The "simulations" directory contains Gromacs parameter files (.mdp) and the run input files (.tpr) as well as the final coordinate files (.gro) of each individual production simulation.</div> <div> </div> <div>The directory "figure3" contains the raw data used to create Figure 3 in the manuscript.</div> <div> </div> <div>The subdirectory "a" contains the data for the PCA projection plot in subfigure 3a. It includes projections of the simulation ensembles of Api88 conformation I-III on to the two dominant conformational modes (.xvg) and the respective extreme conformations (.pdb). The projections of the three initial models and the optimized structure set are also included.</div> <div> </div> <div>Subdirectory "b" contains a numpy array (.npy) with the data for the correlation heatmap in subfigure 3b.</div> <div> </div> <div>Subdirectory "c" contains the results of several correlation-optimization searches. Each directory "N#_maps", where # is to be replaced by the number of structures in the set, contains the search results for N correlation-optimized structures in the Api88 trajectories in the form of a pickled python dictionary (state.pkl). The dictionary has the following keys:</div> <ul> <li>used: Already used sets of MD structures (frozenset)</li> <li>selection: Structure set selected in the last iteration (set)</li> <li>weights: weights of each structure in the selected structure set (numpy array)</li> <li>iteration: Counter of the last iteration (int)</li> </ul> <div> </div> <div>The directory "supplentary_figure_correlation_time" contains the data for a plot of the optimized correlation coefficient as a function of simulation time. The results of the optimization algorithms (as pickled python objects) are included in the subdirectories with the associated trajectory length as a name.</div> </div> <p> </p>
Supplementary Material : Antimicrobial Resistance and Faecal Sterols in Marine Sediments: An Evidence of AMR away from point sources - Kuwait's Example
<p>Supplementary data for <strong><span>Antimicrobial Resistance and Faecal Sterols in Marine Sediments: An Evidence of AMR away from point sources - <span> </span>Kuwait’s Example</span></strong></p>
Exploiting the Redox Activity of MIL-100(Fe) Carrier Enables Prolonged Carvacrol Antimicrobial Activity
<p>Relevant data for publication with doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c21555</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.