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262 results for “Aquilegia”
FIGURE 8 in Two new species and four new records of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) from China
FIGURE 8. Flowers (at different scales): A) Aquilegia ecalcarata (photo by A.S. Erst), B) A. semicalcarata (Liu Jun), C) A. rockii (Hua Guojun), D) A. yabeana (A.S. Erst), E) A. kansuensis (Yu Xunlin), F) A. ganboldii (O. Korsun), G) A. atrovinosa (S. Ribalkin), H) A. lactiflora (A. Yakovlev), I) A. moorcroftiana (J. Prashant), J) A. flabellata (D. Yakubov), K) Aquilegia vicaria (G. Lazkov), L) A. incurvata (Liu Bing).
FIGURE 2 in Two new species and four new records of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) from China
FIGURE 2. Aquilegia xinjiangensis: A) General view, B) Sepal, C) Petal, D) Follicles, E) Flower; F) Aquilegia daingolica, flower, G) Aquilegia jucunda, flower, H) Aquilegia glandulosa, flower. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIGURE 4 in Two new taxa and one new record of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) from India and Pakistan
FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Aquilegia bashahrica (yellow circle), A. lactiflora (white circle), and A. × emodi (pink circle).
FIGURE 2. Aquilegia bashahrica A in Two new taxa and one new record of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) from India and Pakistan
FIGURE 2. Aquilegia bashahrica A) General view, B) Follicles, C) Petals, D) A. pubiflora, flower, E) A. fragrans, flower, F) A. moorcroftiana, flower, G) A. lactiflora, flower, I) A. nivalis, flower. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Typification of Roylean plant names in the genus Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae)
FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Aquilegia moorcroftiana (LIV.1952.121.212). Reproduced with permission of the National Museums Liverpool.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) from Sardinia (Italy)
FIGURE 3: Frontal and lateral view of the Aquilegia cremnophila (a–b) and A. nugorensis (c–d) flower. Pictures were taken on the holotypus for A. cremnophila and on the locus classicus for A. nugorensis (Seui, OG, Central-Eastern Sardinia).
FIGURE 2. A. Sepals. B. Petals. C. Stamens and pistils. D in A new species of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) from Sardinia (Italy)
FIGURE 2. A. Sepals. B. Petals. C. Stamens and pistils. D. Anther; E. Staminodes. F. Staminodes and pistils. G. Pistil. H. Stigma. I. Follicles. J. Seed. Illustration by Salvatore Brullo based on Bacchetta, Fenu & Mattana s.n. (CAT).
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) from Sardinia (Italy)
FIGURE 1. Diagnostic features of Aquilegia cremnophila. A. Leaf. B. Leaf lobe. C. Flower, frontal view. D. Flower, lateral view. Illustration by Salvatore Brullo based on Bacchetta, Fenu & Mattana s.n. (CAT).
FIGURE 2 in First record of Aquilegia grubovii (Ranunculaceae) for Russia and key to all currently known species in the country
FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Aquilegia grubovii. Black circles: the previously known records; black square: the new record in Mongolia; red triangles: new records in Russia.
Intraspecific independent evolution of floral spur length in response to local flower visitor size in Japanese Aquilegia in different mountain regions
<p>Geographic differences in floral traits may reflect geographic differences in effective pollinator assemblages. Independent local adaptation to pollinator assemblages in multiple regions would be expected to cause parallel floral trait evolution, although sufficient evidence for this is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the relationship between flower spur length and pollinator size in 16 populations of <i>Aquilegia buergeriana </i>var.<i> buergeriana</i> distributed in four mountain regions in the Japanese Alps. We also examined the genetic relationship between yellow- and red-flowered individuals, to see if color differences caused genetic differentiation by pollinator isolation. Genetic relationships among 16 populations were analyzed based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Even among populations within the same mountain region, pollinator size varied widely, and the average spur length of <i>A. buergeriana</i> var. <i>buergeriana</i> in each population was strongly related to the average visitor size of that population. Genetic relatedness between populations was not related to the similarity of spur length between populations; rather, it was related to the geographic proximity of populations in each mountain region. Our results indicate that spur length in each population evolved independently of the population genetic structure but in parallel in different mountain regions. Further, yellow- and red-flowered individuals of <i>A. buergeriana</i> var. <i>buergeriana</i> were not genetically differentiated. Unlike other <i>Aquilegia</i> species in Europe and America visited by hummingbirds and hawkmoths, this species is consistently visited by bumblebees in Japan. As a result, genetic isolation by flower color has not occurred.</p>
Biased gene introgression and adaptation in face of chloroplast capture in Aquilegia
<p><span>Chloroplast capture</span><span>, a phenomenon that can occur through interspecific hybridization and introgression, has been frequently suggested as an explanation for cytonuclear discordance in plants. In theory, the captured donor chloroplasts may not cooperate with the recipient nuclear genome, especially chloroplast-targeted nuclear genes. However, relatively few studies have documented the mechanisms of cytonuclear coevolution and its potential species differentiation and possible functional differences in the face of chloroplast capture. To explore this crucial question, we chose the <em>Aquilegia</em> genus, which is known for having minimal sterility among the species, and we inferred that <em>A</em>. <em>amurensis</em> captured the plastome of <em>A</em>. <em>parviflora</em> based on cytonuclear discordance and gene flow between these two species. We focused on the introgression region and its differentiation with closely related species, especially its composition in a chloroplast capture scenario. We found that nuclear genes encoding cytonuclear enzyme complexes or organelle localized (CECs) were significantly enriched in the introgression regions, indicating that the CEC genes of chloroplast donor species were selectively retained and displaced the original CEC genes in chloroplast receptor species due to cytonuclear interactions during introgression. Notably, the intrinsic factor of cytonuclear compatibility may have a higher degree of evolutionary distance for the introgressed CEC genes between <em>A</em>. <em>amurensis</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>parviflora</em>. Introgression from <em>A</em>. <em>parviflora</em> promotes the differentiation of <em>A</em>. <em>amurensis</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>japonica</em>. Furthermore, we found that one of the overrepresented gene ontology terms in these introgressed genes was terpene synthase activity (GO: 0010333) in which more than one-third of the genes were CEC genes, showing that <em>A</em>. <em>amurensis</em> had similar release patterns for terpenes in flowers of <em>A</em>. <em>parviflora</em> when compared with <em>A</em>. <em>japonica</em>.</span> <span>Altogether, this study helps to clarify the mechanisms of cytonuclear coevolution, species differentiation and functional differences in face of chloroplast capture and highlights a critical role of chloroplast capture in adaptation.</span></p>
Available datasets of Aquilegia oxysepala
<p>Available datasets of <em>Aquilegia oxysepala</em></p>
Data from: Morphological variation pattern of Aquilegia ecalcarata and its relatives
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Intraspecific independent evolution of floral spur length in response to local flower visitor size in Japanese Aquilegia in different mountain regions
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Data from: Lack of spatial structure for phenotypic and genetic variation despite high self-fertilization in Aquilegia canadensis (Ranunculaceae)
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Data from: Genetic drift linked to heterogeneous landscape and ecological specialization drives diversification in the Alpine endemic columbine Aquilegia thalictrifolia
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Data from: The Aquilegia genome provides insight into adaptive radiation and reveals an extraordinarily polymorphic chromosome with a unique history
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Biased gene introgression and adaptation in face of chloroplast capture in Aquilegia amurensis
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Data from: Gene flow between nascent species: geographic, genotypic and phenotypic differentiation within and between Aquilegia formosa and A. pubescens.
Speciation can be described as a reduction, and the eventual cessation, in the ability to interbreed. Thus, determining how gene flow differs within and between nascent species can illuminate the relative stage the taxa have attained in the speciation process. Aquilegia formosa and A. pubescens are fully intercompatible yet occur in different habitats and have flowers specialized for pollination by hummingbirds and hawkmoths respectively. Using 79 SNP loci we genotyped nearly 1,000 individuals from populations of both species in close proximity to each other and from putative hybrid zones. The species shared all but one SNP polymorphism and on average, allele frequencies differed by only 0.14. However, the species were clearly differentiated using Structure and admixed individuals were primarily identified at putative hybrid zones. PopGraph identified a highly integrated network among all populations but populations of each species and hybrid zones occupied distinct regions in the network. Using either conditional graph distance (cGD) or Fst/(1-Fst) we found significant isolation by distance (IBD) among populations. Within species, IBD was strong, indicating high historic gene flow. IBD extended approximately 100 km in A. pubescens and 30 km in A. formosa. However, IBD between the species was very weak and extended only a few km beyond hybrid zones, suggesting little recent gene flow. The extensive sharing of SNP polymorphisms between these species suggests that they are very early in the speciation process while the low signal of IBD suggests that they have largely ceased gene exchange.
Aquilegia vulgaris L. (BR0000011134909)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
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