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359 results for “Drosophila species”
Data from: The role of species-specific sensory cues in male responses to mating rivals in Drosophila melanogaster fruitflies
Complex sets of cues can be important in recognising and responding to conspecific mating competitors and avoiding potentially costly heterospecific competitive interactions. Within Drosophila. melanogaster, males can detect sensory inputs from conspecifics to assess the level of competition. They respond to rivals by significantly extending mating duration and gain significant fitness benefits from doing so. Here, we tested the idea that the multiple sensory cues used by D. melanogaster males to detect conspecifics also function to minimise 'off-target' responses to heterospecific males that they might encounter (D. simulans, D. yakuba. D. pseudoobscura or D. virilis). Focal D. melanogaster males exposed to D. simulans or D. pseudoobscura subsequently increased mating duration, but to a lesser extent than following exposure to conspecific rivals. The magnitude of rivals responses expressed by D. melanogaster males did not align with genetic distance between species and none of the sensory manipulations caused D. melanogaster to respond to males of all other species tested. However, when we removed or provided 'false' sensory cues, D. melanogaster males became more likely to show increased mating duration responses to heterospecific males. We suggest that benefits of avoiding inaccurate assessment of the competitive environment may shape the evolution of recognition cues.
Data from: Drosophila embryogenesis scales uniformly across temperature in developmentally diverse species
Temperature affects both the timing and outcome of animal development, but the detailed effects of temperature on the progress of early development have been poorly characterized. To determine the impact of temperature on the order and timing of events during Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis, we used time-lapse imaging to track the progress of embryos from shortly after egg laying through hatching at seven precisely maintained temperatures between 17.5°C and 32.5°C. We employed a combination of automated and manual annotation to determine when 36 milestones occurred in each embryo. D. melanogaster embryogenesis takes 33 hours at 17.5°C, and accelerates with increasing temperature to a low of 16 hours at 27.5°C, above which embryogenesis slows slightly. Remarkably, while the total time of embryogenesis varies over two fold, the relative timing of events from cellularization through hatching is constant across temperatures. To further explore the relationship between temperature and embryogenesis, we expanded our analysis to cover ten additional Drosophila species of varying climatic origins. Six of these species, like D. melanogaster, are of tropical origin, and embryogenesis time at different temperatures was similar for them all. D. mojavensis, a sub-tropical fly, develops slower than the tropical species at lower temperatures, while D. virilis, a temperate fly, exhibits slower development at all temperatures. The alpine sister species D. persimilis and D. pseudoobscura develop as rapidly as tropical flies at cooler temperatures, but exhibit diminished acceleration above 22.5°C and have drastically slowed development by 30°C. Despite ranging from 13 hours for D. erecta at 30°C to 46 hours for D. virilis at 17.5°C, the relative timing of events from cellularization through hatching is constant across all species and temperatures examined here, suggesting the existence of a previously unrecognized timer controlling the progress of embryogenesis that has been tuned by natural selection as each species diverges.
Data from: Hybridization in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup: incomplete isolation among the three species of the yakuba complex
In the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup, the yakuba species complex, D. yakuba, D. santomea and D. teissieri have identical mitochondrial genomes in spite of nuclear differentiation. The first two species can be readily hybridized in the laboratory, and produce fertile females and sterile males. They also form hybrids in natural conditions. Nonetheless, the third species, D. teissieri, was thought to be unable to produce hybrids with either D. yakuba or D. santomea. This in turn posed the conundrum of why the three species shared a single mitochondrial genome. In this report we show that D. teissieri can indeed hybridize with both D. yakuba and D. santomea. The resulting female hybrids from both crosses are fertile, while the hybrid males are sterile. We also characterize six isolating mechanisms that might be involved in keeping the three species apart. Our results open the possibility of studying the history of introgression in the yakuba species complex and dissecting the genetic basis of interspecific differences between these three species by genetic mapping.
Data from: Environmental heterogeneity does not affect levels of phenotypic plasticity in natural populations of three Drosophila species
Adaptation of natural populations to variable environmental conditions may occur by changes in trait means and/or in the levels of plasticity. Theory predicts that environmental heterogeneity favors plasticity of adaptive traits. Here we investigated the performance in several traits of three sympatric Drosophila species freshly collected in two environments that differ in the heterogeneity of environmental conditions. Differences in trait means within species were found in several traits, indicating that populations differed in their evolutionary response to the environmental conditions of their origin. Different species showed distinct adaptation with a very different role of plasticity across species for coping with environmental changes. However, geographically distinct populations of the same species generally displayed the same levels of plasticity as induced by fluctuating thermal regimes. This indicates a weak and trait-specific effect of environmental heterogeneity on plasticity. Furthermore, similar levels of plasticity were found in a laboratory-adapted population of Drosophila melanogaster with a common geographic origin but adapted to the laboratory conditions for more than 100 generations. Thus, this study does not confirm theoretical predictions on the degree of adaptive plasticity among populations in relation to environmental heterogeneity but shows a very distinct role of species-specific plasticity.
Data from: Plasticity for desiccation tolerance across Drosophila species is affected by phylogeny and climate in complex ways
Comparative analyses of ectotherm susceptibility to climate change often focus on thermal extremes, yet responses to aridity may be equally important. Here we focus on plasticity in desiccation resistance, a key trait shaping distributions of Drosophila species and other small ectotherms. We examined the extent to which 32 Drosophila species, varying in their distribution, could increase their desiccation resistance via phenotypic plasticity involving hardening, linking these responses to environment, phylogeny and basal resistance. We found no evidence to support the seasonality hypothesis; species with higher hardening plasticity did not occupy environments with higher and more seasonal precipitation. As basal resistance increased, the capacity of species to respond via phenotypic plasticity decreased, suggesting plastic responses involving hardening may be constrained by basal resistance. Trade-offs between basal desiccation resistance and plasticity were not universal across the phylogeny and tended to occur within specific clades. Phylogeny, environment and trade-offs all helped to explain variation in plasticity for desiccation resistance but in complex ways. These findings suggest some species have the ability to counter dry periods through plastic responses, whereas others do not; and this ability will depend to some extent on a species' placement within a phylogeny, along with its basal level of resistance.
Data from: Genetics of hybrid male sterility among strains and species in the Drosophila pseudoobscura species group
Taxa in the early stages of speciation may bear intraspecific allelic variation at loci conferring barrier traits in hybrids such as hybrid sterility. Additionally, hybridization may spread alleles that confer barrier traits to other taxa. Historically, few studies examine within- and between-species variation at loci conferring reproductive isolation. Here, we test for allelic variation within Drosophila persimilis and within the Bogota subspecies of D. pseudoobscura at regions previously shown to contribute to hybrid male sterility. We also test whether D. persimilis and the USA subspecies of D. pseudoobscura share an allele conferring hybrid sterility in a D. pseudoobscura bogotana genetic background. All loci conferred similar hybrid sterility effects across all strains studied, though we detected some statistically significant quantitative effect variation among D. persimilis alleles of some hybrid incompatibility QTLs. We also detected allelism between D. persimilis and D. pseudoobscura USA at a 2nd chromosome hybrid sterility QTL. We hypothesize that either the QTL is ancestral in D. persimilis and D. pseudoobscura USA and lost in D. pseudoobscura bogotana, or gene flow transferred the QTL from D. persimilis to D. pseudoobscura USA. We discuss our findings in the context of population features that may contribute to variation in hybrid incompatibilities.
Data from: Rapid diversification of sperm precedence traits and processes among three sibling Drosophila species
Postcopulatory sexual selection is credited with driving rapid evolutionary diversification of reproductive traits and the formation of reproductive isolating barriers between species. This judgment, however, has largely been inferred rather than demonstrated due to general lack of knowledge about processes and traits underlying variation in competitive fertilization success. Here, we resolved processes determining sperm fate in twice-mated females, using transgenic Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana populations with fluorescently-labeled sperm heads. Comparisons among these two species and D. melanogaster revealed a shared motif in the mechanisms of sperm precedence, with postcopulatory sexual selection potentially occurring during any of the three discrete stages: (1) insemination, (2) sperm storage, and (3) sperm use for fertilization, and involving four distinct phenomena: (1) sperm transfer, (2) sperm displacement, (3) sperm ejection, and (4) sperm selection for fertilizations. Yet, underlying the qualitative similarities were significant quantitative differences in nearly every relevant character and process. We evaluate these species differences in light of concurrent investigations of within-population variation in competitive fertilization success and postmating/prezygotic reproductive isolation in hybrid matings between species to forge an understanding of the relationship between microevolutionary processes and macroevolutionary patterns as pertains to postcopulatory sexual selection in this group.
FIGURE 10. Drosophila ciliaticrus. A in New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species
FIGURE 10. Drosophila ciliaticrus. A. Right front leg of male, anterior view. B. Wing.
FIGURE 8. Drosophila pihulu. A in New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species
FIGURE 8. Drosophila pihulu. A. Right front leg of male, dorsal view. B. Wing.
FIGURE 5. Drosophila nukea. A in New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species
FIGURE 5. Drosophila nukea. A. Right front leg of male, anterior view. B. Wing.
FIGURE 4. Drosophila moli. A in New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species
FIGURE 4. Drosophila moli. A. Right front leg of male, anterior view. B. Male wing. C. Female wing.
Figure 9 from: Vilela CR (2017) The male terminalia of seven American species of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Alpine Entomology 1: 17-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.1.20669
Figure 9 - Drosophila comosa Wheeler, 1968 (ungrouped). Holotype from Golfito, Costa Rica, male terminalia (NMNH). A, epandrium, cerci and surstyli, oblique posterior view. B, idem, setae and microtrichiae intentionally omitted, posterior view. C, hypandrium and gonopods, posterior view. D–H, aedeagus, paraphyses and aedeagal apodeme, several views from dorsal through ventral. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 8 from: Vilela CR (2017) The male terminalia of seven American species of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Alpine Entomology 1: 17-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.1.20669
Figure 8 - Drosophila sticta Wheeler, 1957 (sticta group). Holotype from Lancetilla, Honduras, male terminalia (NMNH). A, epandrium, cerci, surstyli and decasternum, oblique posterior view. B, surstyli and decasternum, posterior view. C–E, hypandrium, gonopods+paraphyses, three views. C, posterior view. D, oblique posterior. E, left lateral. F–J, aedeagus and aedeagal apodeme, several views from dorsal through ventral. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 6 from: Vilela CR (2017) The male terminalia of seven American species of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Alpine Entomology 1: 17-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.1.20669
Figure 6 - Drosophila navojoa Ruiz, Heed & Wasserman, 1990 (repleta group, mulleri subgroup, mojavensis complex). Strain E2.1 at NDSRC, from Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico, male terminalia (MZSP). A, epandrium, cerci, surstyli, hypandrium, aedeagus, paraphyses and aedeagal apodeme, oblique posterior view. B–D, aedeagus, paraphyses and aedeagal apodeme, three views. B, dorsal. C, oblique dorsal. D, left lateral. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 7 from: Vilela CR (2017) The male terminalia of seven American species of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Alpine Entomology 1: 17-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.1.20669
Figure 7 - Drosophila sonorae Heed & Castrezana, 2008 (repleta group, mulleri subgroup, longicornis complex, longicornis cluster). Strain E37.5c at NDSRC, from Alamos, Sonora, Mexico, male terminalia (MZSP). A, epandrium, cerci, surstyli, hypandrium, gonopods, aedeagus, paraphyses and aedeagal apodeme, oblique posterior view. B–D, aedeagus, paraphyses and aedeagal apodeme, three views. B, dorsal. C, oblique dorsal. D, right lateral. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 5 from: Vilela CR (2017) The male terminalia of seven American species of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Alpine Entomology 1: 17-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.1.20669
Figure 5 - Drosophila arizonae Ruiz, Heed & Wasserman, 1990 (repleta group, mulleri subgroup, mojavensis complex). Strain formerly E2.2 at NDSRC (later 15081-1271.4), from Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico, male terminalia (MZSP). A, epandrium, cerci, surstyli, hypandrium, aedeagus, paraphyses and aedeagal apodeme, oblique posterior view. B–D, aedeagus, paraphyses and aedeagal apodeme, three views. B, oblique dorsal. C, left lateral. D, ventral. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 4 from: Vilela CR (2017) The male terminalia of seven American species of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Alpine Entomology 1: 17-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.1.20669
Figure 4 - Drosophila nigrodumosa Wasserman & Fontdevila in Fontdevila et al., 1990 (repleta group, mulleri subgroup, mulleri complex). Strain 514.8 at NDSRC (type strain), from Merida, Venezuela, male terminalia (MZSP). A, epandrium, cerci, surstyli, hypandrium, gonopods, aedeagus, paraphyses and aedeagal apodeme, oblique posterior view. B–D, aedeagus, paraphyses and aedeagal apodeme, three views. B, dorsal. C, oblique dorsal. D, right lateral. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 2 from: Vilela CR (2017) The male terminalia of seven American species of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Alpine Entomology 1: 17-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.1.20669
Figure 2 - Collection sites C49 (13°09'S, 72°32'W) and C50 (13°09'S, 72°32'W): Urubamba Canyon, Department of Cuzco, Peru. A, (C49) 1 km S of the final stop of the railroad, 01.III.1984, C.R. Vilela phot. B, (C50) 1 km NE (at km 111) of the final stop of the railroad, 02.III.1984, C.R. Vilela phot.
Figure 3 from: Vilela CR (2017) The male terminalia of seven American species of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Alpine Entomology 1: 17-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.1.20669
Figure 3 - Drosophila guayllabambae Rafael & Arcos, 1988 (repleta group, hydei subgroup). 1 km NE of Estacion Ferrocarril de Machu Picchu, Cuzco, Peru, 02.III.1984, C.R. Vilela coll., male terminalia (MZSP). A, epandrium, cerci and surstyli, oblique posterior view. B, surstyli and decasternum, posterior view. C, hypandrium and gonopods, posterior view. D–H, aedeagus, paraphyses and aedeagal apodeme, several views from dorsal through ventral. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 1 from: Vilela CR (2017) The male terminalia of seven American species of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Alpine Entomology 1: 17-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.1.20669
Figure 1 - Urubamba Canyon (as seen from Machu Picchu ruins), Department of Cuzco, Peru. III.1984, C.R. Vilela phot. Arrow points the final stop of the railroad at km 112 marker (Estacion Ferrocarril de Machu Picchu, that no longer exists).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.