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FIGURE 3 in Electivities And Resource Use By An Assemblage Of Lizards Endemic To The Dunes Of The São Francisco River, Northeastern Brazil P L.B. R M T. R Abstract

FIGURE 3. Left: schematic profile of the dunes showing microgeographic positions: summit, slope, plateau, and valley. Right: an example of a drawing used to quantify six quantitative microhabitat variables: area covered by ground litter, shrubs, subshrubs, the terrestrial bromeliad Bromelia antiacantha, the small cactus Tacinga inamoena, and area of horizontal projection of trees.

FIGURE 13 in Electivities And Resource Use By An Assemblage Of Lizards Endemic To The Dunes Of The São Francisco River, Northeastern Brazil P L.B. R M T. R Abstract

FIGURE 13. Comparison of food use among the seven most abundant lizard species in the Ibiraba dunes, State of Bahia, Brazil. The width of lines connecting each pair of species is proportional to the value of the symmetrical coefficient of the niche overlap (f). Gray areas circumscribe homogenous groups of species based on the mass of the heaviest item ingested.

FIGURE 2 in Electivities And Resource Use By An Assemblage Of Lizards Endemic To The Dunes Of The São Francisco River, Northeastern Brazil P L.B. R M T. R Abstract

FIGURE 2. Map showing the geographic location of the study area. The inset shows the easternmost part of Brazil and four important cities as reference points: 1.) Belém, State of Pará; 2.) Salvador, State of Bahia; 3.) Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro; 4.) Brasília, Distrito Federal (Federal District). The darker, diagonal area surrounded by lighter areas represents the shrublands and dry forests of the Caatingas, bordered on the west and east by forest and degraded forest and on the south by the Cerrado grasslands. The area delimited by the smallest darker rectangle is magnified to show the dune fields on the west bank of the São Francisco River (S.F.R.) The dune field is bordered on the west by the Serra do Estreito (S.E.). Its northern limit is represented by the small triangles. The Icatu River (I.R., the only perennial river crossing the dunes), the Grande River (G.R.), and the Lagoa de Itaparica (L.I.), as well as the urban centers of the municipalities of Barra (BAR.) and Xique-Xique (X.X.) are shown for geographic reference. The fieldwork was performed in the dunes with sharp morphology (lighter strip along the SFR; black arrow) near the village of Ibiraba (IB.). The coordinates of the central point in this image are 10°30'S-42°45'W.

FIGURE 16 in Electivities And Resource Use By An Assemblage Of Lizards Endemic To The Dunes Of The São Francisco River, Northeastern Brazil P L.B. R M T. R Abstract

FIGURE 16. Synthesis of available information (Moraes, 1993; present study) on the diet of gymnophthalmids present in the sandy areas along the middle course of São Francisco River, mapped into the phylogeny presented by Pellegrino et al., (2001). Numbers 1 to 6 across the top represent the locations studied (1 = Queimadas; 2 = Vacaria; 3 = Ibiraba; 4 = Alagoado; 5 = Santo Inácio; 6 = Lagoa de Itaparica; see map in Fig. 2). Black squares represent important items in the diet of each population studied, based on recurrence frequency. Numbers below squares represent the number of stomachs analyzed.

FIGURE 15 in Electivities And Resource Use By An Assemblage Of Lizards Endemic To The Dunes Of The São Francisco River, Northeastern Brazil P L.B. R M T. R Abstract

FIGURE 15. Synthesis of the differences in diet (food items and sizes) and phase of activity among the five lizard species extensively using protected microhabitat areas (lower pentagram) and among the four lizard species extensively using exposed microhabitat areas (or avoiding protected areas) (upper square). Black straight lines crossed by gray curved lines show differences in food consumption and phase of activity (indicated in gray letters) between pairs of species.

FIGURE 12 in Electivities And Resource Use By An Assemblage Of Lizards Endemic To The Dunes Of The São Francisco River, Northeastern Brazil P L.B. R M T. R Abstract

FIGURE 12. Relative contributions of very small, small, and medium-sized larvae to the total mass of larvae ingested by Cnemidophorus spec. nov. (CNE- black bars), Briba brasiliana (BRIgray bars) and Calyptommatus leiolepis (CAL- striped bars), the three lizard species endemic to the Ibiraba dunes, State of Bahia, Brazil for which larvae are the most important item in their diets.

FIGURE 10 in Electivities And Resource Use By An Assemblage Of Lizards Endemic To The Dunes Of The São Francisco River, Northeastern Brazil P L.B. R M T. R Abstract

FIGURE 10. Frequency of food items available in the dunes of Ibiraba, State of Bahia, Brazil, estimated by captures in pitfall traps (black bars) and by total consumption by the lizard assemblage (gray bars). Black arrows indicate food categories of low consumption by the assemblage and gray arrows show food categories better estimated by lizard consumption. Food categories: 1 = Formicidae; 2 = Araneae; 3 = Coleoptera; 4 = Diplopoda; 5 = Thysanura; 6 = Ensifera; 7 = Hymenoptera (except Formicidae); 8 = Solifugae; 9 = Acari; 10 = Scorpiones; 11 = Chilopoda; 12 = Phasmida; 13 = Blattaria; 14 = Mantodea; 15 = Diptera; 16 = Hemiptera; 17 = Homoptera; 18 = Insect larvae and pupae; 20 = Pseudoscorpiones; 21 = Lepidoptera; 22 = Caelifera; 23 = Collembola; 24 = Neuroptera; 25 = Embioptera; 26 = Isoptera; 27 = Arthropod eggs; 28 = Flowers; 29 = Gastropoda; 30 = Plant matter (except flowers).

FIGURE 5 in Electivities And Resource Use By An Assemblage Of Lizards Endemic To The Dunes Of The São Francisco River, Northeastern Brazil P L.B. R M T. R Abstract

FIGURE 5. Scatterplots of body mass versus snout-vent length (A) and head width versus jaw length (B) based on data from seven lizard species endemic to the dunes of Ibiraba, State of Bahia, Brazil.

opennotspecifiedNov 2002View details →

Figure 1 in Herpetofauna Of The Quaternary Sand Dunes Of The Middle Rio São Francisco: Bahia: Brazil. Vii. Typhlops Amoipira Sp. Nov., A Possible Relative Of Typhlops Yonenagae (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)

Figure 1. Typhlops amoipira, sp. nov.: lateral, ventral, and dorsal views of head (MZUSP 12298, holotype)

Figure 2 in An isolated crested newt population in Dutch coastal dunes: distribution relict or introduction?

Figure 2. Bayesian phylogeny based on all ND4 mtDNA haplotypes of the northern crested newt Triturus cristatus. The outgroup is not shown. The scale bar shows the expected changes per site. The partitioning into three main clades is based on Wielstra et al. (2015). Haplotypes in blue are (also) present in the Netherlands. See supplementary table S1 for details.

Figure 1 in The conservation paradox of an introduced population of a threatened species: spadefoot toads in the coastal dunes of the Netherlands

Figure 1. Sampling sites of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus). The main map shows localities sampled outside and the inset localities sampled inside the Netherlands (see main text for details). A rough outline of the natural distribution range in the Netherlands is shaded grey. Localities that contain haplotypes found in the Netherlands are colour coded; otherwise they are left grey (FUS stands for P. fuscus). Sampling details are in supplementary table S1.

Figure 4 in The introduction of three cryptic tree frog species in the Dutch coastal dunes challenges conservation paradigms

Figure 4. Majority rule consensus phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian inference for Hyla orientalis haplotypes. Grey branches indicate the backbone phylogeny with representatives for each Western Palearctic Hyla species; the relatively distinct H. meridionalis and H. carthaginiensis were used as outgroup and are not shown. The pink haplotype is newly identified in the Netherlands; black haplotypes have not been reported in the Netherlands. Haplotype labels correspond to supplementary table S1.

Figure 2 in The introduction of three cryptic tree frog species in the Dutch coastal dunes challenges conservation paradigms

Figure 2. Majority rule consensus tree resulting from Bayesian inference to allocate new Hyla haplotypes to species. Grey branches indicate the backbone phylogeny with representatives for each Western Palearctic Hyla species; the relatively distinct H. meridionalis and H. carthaginiensis were used as outgroup and are not shown. New haplotypes are coloured blue (H. arborea) or pink (H. orientalis). Haplotype labels correspond to supplementary table S1.

Figure 1 in The introduction of three cryptic tree frog species in the Dutch coastal dunes challenges conservation paradigms

Figure 1. Map of the Netherlands showing sampled localities for Hyla tree frogs. A rough outline of the natural tree frog distribution range is shaded grey. Pies are sampled localities. Pie slices are coloured according to haplotype and pie sizes reflect sample sizes. Previously identified haplotypes are labelled 'old' and those newly identified in this study 'new'. The five populations introduced in the coastal dunes are labelled with the (approximate) date of appearance. Sampling details are in supplementary table S1.

Figure 3 in The conservation paradox of an introduced population of a threatened species: spadefoot toads in the coastal dunes of the Netherlands

Figure 3. Haplotype network for the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) Haplotypes relevant to the current study are colour coded; the remainder is left grey (details in supplementary table S1). The prefix 'FUS' is not shown for the haplotype codes.

Figure 3 in The introduction of three cryptic tree frog species in the Dutch coastal dunes challenges conservation paradigms

Figure 3. Majority rule consensus phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian inference for Hyla arborea haplotypes. Grey branches indicate the backbone phylogeny with representatives for each Western Palearctic Hyla species; the relatively distinct H. meridionalis and H. carthaginiensis were used as outgroup and are not shown. Blue haplotypes are newly identified and orange haplotypes were previously reported haplotypes in the Netherlands; black haplotypes have not been reported in the Netherlands. Haplotype labels correspond to supplementary table S1.

Figure 1 in An isolated crested newt population in Dutch coastal dunes: distribution relict or introduction?

Figure 1. Sampled localities for the northern crested newt Triturus cristatus. The inset shows localities in the Netherlands, coloured based on ND4 mtDNA haplotype. Arrows highlight populations discussed in the text: 1) Meijendel and Westduinpark; 2) Krimpen aan den IJssel and Oudeland; 3) Norg; and 4) Breda. A rough outline of the natural distribution range in the Netherlands is shaded grey. See supplementary table S1 for details. The main map shows haplotype distribution in the rest of Europe and particularly focusses on those haplotypes also present in the Netherlands (see text for details).

Figure 2 in The conservation paradox of an introduced population of a threatened species: spadefoot toads in the coastal dunes of the Netherlands

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree for common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) and Pallas's spadefoot toad (P. vespertinus). Haplotypes relevant to the current study are colour coded; the remainder is left grey (details in Table S1). Haplotype abbreviations are: FUS = P. fuscus, VES = P. vespertinus, BAL = P. balcanicus, SYR = P. syriacus, CUL = P. cultripes, and VAR = P. varaldii.

opennotspecifiedAug 2024View details →

Indiana Dunes (indianadunes LD): Indiana Dunes LifeDesk

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