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1,416 results for “Evidence Base”
First field-based evidence that the seagrass-lucinid mutualism can mitigate sulfide stress in seagrasses
<p>Seagrass meadows form vital ecological components of coastal zones worldwide, but are rapidly declining. Large-scale seagrass diebacks have been related to accumulation of toxic sulfide in the sediment, a phenomenon predicted to occur more frequently in the near future due to ongoing global warming and increasing organic loading of coastal systems worldwide. Recently, a facultative mutualism between seagrasses and lucinid bivalves with endosymbiotic sulfide-consuming gill bacteria was discovered that may prevent toxic sulfide accumulation in seagrass sediments. Yet, direct field-based evidence for the importance of this mutualism in alleviating sulfide stress in seagrasses is currently lacking, as well as how its role may change when sediment sulfide levels increase due to environmental change. Here, we investigated the sulfide detoxification function of this seagrass-lucinid mutualism and its resilience to organic-loading induced sulfide stress in a temperate lagoon system (Thau lagoon, France), using a correlative field survey and a full factorial field experiment. The field survey revealed a strong positive correlation between seagrass above-ground biomass and lucinid densities, and pore water sulfide concentrations close to zero at all sites. Furthermore, the field experiment revealed that addition of organic matter (starch mixed with sucrose) increased sedimentary sulfide intrusion into seagrass (<em>Zostera noltei</em>) leaves (a proxy for sulfide stress), while experimentally enhanced lucinid densities reduced sulfide intrusion, regardless of addition of organic matter. Moreover, addition of organic matter reduced seagrass rhizome biomass and increased pore water sulfide levels, lucinid tissue sulfur content, lucinid condition (expressed as flesh/shell dry weight ratio), and total lucinid biomass, while enhancement of lucinid densities reduced lucinid condition. These results provide the first field-based evidence that lucinid bivalves and their sulfide-oxidizing gill symbionts mitigate sulfide stress in seagrasses, and suggests that the dependence of seagrass on this seagrass-lucinid mutualism will increase under conditions of enhanced sediment sulfide production, as predicted for the near future. Therefore, we suggest that awareness of the ecological importance of the seagrass-lucinid mutualism may be instrumental for designing new measures for improving long-term restoration success and seagrass resilience to global change.</p>
Data from: Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence
The blindsnake superfamily Typhlopoidea (Gerrhopilidae, Typhlopidae, and Xenotyphlopidae) is a diverse, widespread part of the global snake fauna. A recent systematic revision based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and some morphological evidence presented a preliminary solution to the non-monophyly of many previously recognized genera, but additional clarification is needed regarding the recognition of some species and genera. We rectify these problems here with a new molecular phylogenetic analysis including 95 of the 275 currently recognized, extant typhlopoids, incorporating both nuclear and mitochondrial loci. We supplement this with data on the external, visceral, and hemipenial morphology of nearly all species to generate a revised classification for Typhlopoidea. Based on morphological data, we re-assign Cathetorhinus from Typhlopidae to Gerrhopilidae. Xenotyphlopidae maintains its current contents (Xenotyphlops). In Typhlopidae, one monotypic genus is synonymized with its larger sister-group as it cannot be unambiguously diagnosed morphologically (Sundatyphlops with Anilios), and two genera are synonymized with Typhlops (Antillotyphlops and Cubatyphlops), as they are not reciprocally monophyletic. The genus Asiatyphylops is renamed Argyrophis, the senior synonym for the group. We erect one new genus (Lemuriatyphlops) for a phylogenetically distinct species-group in Asiatyphlopinae. Fourteen of eighteen recognized typhlopid genera are maintained in four subfamilies: Afrotyphlopinae (Afrotyphlops, Grypotyphlops [re-assigned from Asiatyphlopinae], Letheobia, and Rhinotyphlops), Asiatyphlopinae (Acutotyphlops, Anilios, Cyclotyphlops, Indotyphlops, Malayotyphlops, Ramphotyphlops, and Xerotyphlops), Madatyphlopinae (Madatyphlops), and Typhlopinae (Amerotyphlops and Typhlops), some with altered contents. Diagnoses based on morphology are provided for all 19 typhlopoid genera, accounting for all 275 species. This taxonomy provides a robust platform for future revisions and description of new species.
Data from: Association between attitudes of stigma toward mental illness and attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based practice within health care providers in Bahrain
<p><span>The health care system is one of the key areas where people with mental illnesses could experience stigma. Clinicians can hold stigma attitudes during their interactions with patients with mental illness. To improve the quality of mental health services and primary care, evidence-based practices should be disseminated and implemented. In this study, <a name="_Hlk23098053">we evaluated the attitudes of health care providers in Bahrain toward people with mental illness and adoption of evidence-based practice </a>using the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC) and Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS).<b> </b>We conducted a cross-sectional study across 12 primary health care centers and a psychiatric hospital (the country's main mental health care facility). A self-report questionnaire was distributed among all health care providers.<b> </b>A total of 547 health care providers participated, with 274 from mental health services and 273 from primary care services. Results of the OMS-HC indicated differences between both main groups and subgroups. Regression model analysis reported significant outcomes. There was no statistical difference found between both groups in EBPAS scores. A weak but statistically significant negative association was reported between both scales.<b> </b>Participants showed varying stigma attitudes across different working environments, with less stigma shown in mental health services than in primary care services. <a name="_Hlk23098110">Providers who were more open to adopting evidence-based practices showed less stigma toward people with mental illness. Comparing our findings with previous research</a> showed that health care providers in Bahrain hold more stigma attitudes than other groups studied. We hope that this study serves as an initial step toward future campaigns against the stigma of mental illness in Bahrain and across the region.</span></p>
FIGURE 8 in Description of a new Tityus species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Sierra de Portuguesa, western Venezuela, based on morphological and mitochondrial DNA evidence
FIGURE 8. MALDITOF MS analysis of venom from Tityus imei sp. nov. in the 6000–8000 Da range. Spectrum is representative of at least three analyses of independent venom pools.
FIGURE 7A in Description of a new Tityus species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Sierra de Portuguesa, western Venezuela, based on morphological and mitochondrial DNA evidence
FIGURE 7A. Comparison of COI nucleotide encoded by fragments amplified from Tityus imei sp. nov, (AY586793), Tityus sanarensis (DQ117483), Tityus boconoensis (AY586791), and Tityus discrepans (AY586796). Identity to T. sanarensis sequence is denoted by period.
FIGURE 6 in Description of a new Tityus species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Sierra de Portuguesa, western Venezuela, based on morphological and mitochondrial DNA evidence
FIGURE 6. Map of western Venezuela showing location of collection sites for Tityus species. Inset: Location of type localities for Tityus imei sp. nov. (1, in Portuguesa State), Tityus sanarensis (2, in Lara State), Tityus rusmelyae (3, in Lara State), T. boconoensis (4, in Trujillo State), T. discrepans (5, Capital District, northcentral Venezuela) and T. zulianus (6, in Zulia State).
FIGURE 5 in Description of a new Tityus species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Sierra de Portuguesa, western Venezuela, based on morphological and mitochondrial DNA evidence
FIGURE 5. Tityus imei sp. nov. Female (CELT688), a. Metasome, ventral view. b. Metasome, lateral view. c. Telson, lateral view. Scale bar: a and b = 5 mm; c = 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Description of a new Tityus species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Sierra de Portuguesa, western Venezuela, based on morphological and mitochondrial DNA evidence
FIGURE 4. Tityus imei sp. nov. Female (CELT688). a. Carapace. b. Right pedipalp, dorsal view. c. Right chela, lateral view. d. Genital operculum and pectens. Scale bar: a, b, c and d = 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new Tityus species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Sierra de Portuguesa, western Venezuela, based on morphological and mitochondrial DNA evidence
FIGURE 3. Tityus imei sp. nov. Male (CELT690). a. Metasome, ventral view. b. Metasome, lateral view. c. Telson, lateral view. Scale: a and b = 5 mm; c = 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Description of a new Tityus species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Sierra de Portuguesa, western Venezuela, based on morphological and mitochondrial DNA evidence
FIGURE 2. Tityus imei sp. nov. Male (CELT690). a. Carapace. b. Right pedipalp, dorsal view. c. Right chela, external view. d. Genital operculum and pectens. Scale bar: a, b, c and d = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Description of a new Tityus species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Sierra de Portuguesa, western Venezuela, based on morphological and mitochondrial DNA evidence
FIGURE 1. Tityus imei sp. nov. dorsal view. a. Male (Holotype, CELT690); b. Female (Paratype, CELT688). Scale bar = 1 cm.
FIGURE 3 in Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species of longnose skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae: Dipturus) from Argentinean waters based on DNA barcoding
FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of Dipturus argentinensis n. sp. based on material collected. Symbols represent more than one capture. Star indicates original locality of holotype.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species of longnose skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae: Dipturus) from Argentinean waters based on DNA barcoding
FIGURE 2. Tail thorns of Dipturus argentinensis n. sp., immature male paratype (INIDEP 797, 617 mm TL) (A), Dipturus chilensis, immature female (INIDEP 547, 715 mm TL) (B), and Dipturus trachyderma, immature male (INIDEP 789, 1211 mm TL) (C).
FIGURE 1. Dipturus argentinensis n in Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species of longnose skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae: Dipturus) from Argentinean waters based on DNA barcoding
FIGURE 1. Dipturus argentinensis n. sp., holotype, INIDEP 793, 765 mm TL, juvenile male, off central Patagonian shelf, Argentina. a–dorsal view; b– ventral view.
FIGURE 3. Geothelphusa candidiensis Bott, 1967. a in A new species of Geothelphusa Stimpson, 1857, from Taiwan (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence, with notes on species from western Taiwan
FIGURE 3. Geothelphusa candidiensis Bott, 1967. a, habitus, dorsal view of the holotype (SMF 2855); b, cephalothorax, ventral view of the holotype; c, live coloration of a male, dorsal view; d, frontal view of a live male.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Geothelphusa Stimpson, 1857, from Taiwan (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence, with notes on species from western Taiwan
FIGURE 4. Male left first and second gonopods of Geothelphusa candidiensis Bott, 1967 (holotype, SMF 2855). a, G1, ventral view; b, G1, dorsal view; c, distal part of G1, proximal ventral view (distal half of synovial membrane is situated in a horizontal position); d, G1, inner view; e, G2. Scales, 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Geothelphusa Stimpson, 1857, from Taiwan (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence, with notes on species from western Taiwan
FIGURE 1. Geothelphusa siasiat sp. nov. a, habitus, dorsal view of the holotype (NMNS 5688-001); b, cephalothorax, ventral view of the holotype; c, live coloration of a male, dorsal view; d, frontal view of a live male; e, a female with maroon coloration; f, habitat: a stream (Baguali River) beside a road on a mountain 700 m high, Tai-an, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Geothelphusa Stimpson, 1857, from Taiwan (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence, with notes on species from western Taiwan
FIGURE 2. Male right first and second gonopods of Geothelphusa siasiat sp. nov. (holotype, NMNS 5688-001). a, G1, ventral view.; b, G1, dorsal view; c, distal part of G1, proximal ventral view (distal half of synovial membrane is situated in a horizontal position); d, G1, inner view; e, G2. Scales, 1 mm.
FIGURE 1. Babamunida kanaloa n in Additions to the decapod crustacean fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, III. A new species of the genus Babamunida (Crustacea: Galatheidae) from Hawaii based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURE 1. Babamunida kanaloa n. sp. holotype, 3, LACM CR 2006-014.21. Colour image taken after collecting and freezing on board ship.
FIGURE 2. Babamunida kanaloa n in Additions to the decapod crustacean fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, III. A new species of the genus Babamunida (Crustacea: Galatheidae) from Hawaii based on morphological and molecular evidence
FIGURE 2. Babamunida kanaloa n. sp. holotype, 3, LACM CR 2006-014.21. A, carapace and abdomen, dorsal. B, rostral spines, ocular and antennal peduncles, lateral. C, sternal plastron. D, antennules, left antenna and epistomal ridges, ventral. E, endopod of third maxilliped, right, lateral. F, same, mesial ridge, right. G, telson. H, right pereopod 1, dorsal. I–K, right pereopods 2–4, lateral. L, dactylus and distal portion of propodus of right pereopod 3, lateral. M, detail of extensor margin of pereopod 2 propodus. Scales: 2 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.