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Fig. 1 in Brachiopods and their response to the Early-Middle Frasnian biogeochemical perturbations on the South Polish carbonate shelf

Fig. 1. Location of collecting sites. A. General map of Poland. B. Geological sketch−map of the western part of the Holy Cross Mountains (after Racki et al. 2004; modified). C. Sketch map of Wietrznia quarries and location of the studied sections (after Makowski in Racki et al. 1993, simplified). D. Geological sketch−map of the Dębnik vicinity (after Szulczewski and Dvořák 1995; modified).

Fig. 11 in Conodont-based event stratigraphy of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition on the South Polish carbonate shelf

Fig. 11. Lithology, conodont biostratigraphy (arrowed are first appearances of key taxa) and stable carbon isotope geochemistry (both carbonates and organic matter; see Figs. 2, 7) for the Early to Middle Frasnian strata at Kowala (see also Szulczewski 1968, 1971; Racki 1993b). Abbreviations: A., Ancyrodella; A. afr.–A. pr., Ancyrodellla africana–A. pramosica conodont level.

Fig. 1 in Conodont-based event stratigraphy of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition on the South Polish carbonate shelf

Fig. 1. Location of studied localities within the paleogeographic and structural framework of the Givetian to Frasnian in Poland (A; after Racki 1993b: fig. 1), and Holy Cross Mountains (B; based on Racki 1993b: fig. 2).

Fig. 17 in Conodont-based event stratigraphy of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition on the South Polish carbonate shelf

Fig. 17. Lateral facies and thickness variation by the transient reef retreat interval just prior to the Early–Middle Frasnian boundary in the Holy Cross Mountaints, related to Timan and Middlesex transgressive events and subsequent eustatic sea−level falls (arrowed), and regional synsedimentary tectonism, against a simplified reconstruction of the depositional environments, principally along the northern ramp−style slope of the Dyminy Reef marked by finally accelerated mud−mound growth (complementary data from Szulczewski and Racki 1981; Racki 1993b; Racki et al. 2004; Krawczyński et al. 2006; Sobstel et al. 2006). For localities see Fig. 2 (J, Jaźwica; K, Kowala; Kt, Kostomłoty; S−K, Sitkówka−Kowala; Śc, Ściegnia; Śl, Śluchowice; W, Wietrznia); GL, Goniatite Level.

Fig. 14 in Conodont-based event stratigraphy of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition on the South Polish carbonate shelf

Fig. 14. Palmatolepids (A–H, J–L) and ancyrognathids (I) from Middle Frasnian of the Holy Cross Mountains and Dębnik; SEM micrographs. A–C. Palmatolepis sp. A. A. GIUS 4−3428−6, sample KPK F1, Kowala. B, C. GIUS 4−3429−11 (B) and GIUS 4−3431−3 (C), sample Kt−V 128, Kostomłoty−Mogiłki. All specimens are characterized by the platform outline transitional between Palmatolepis transitans and Palmatolepis hassi. They possess slightly curved carina and laterally directed outer lobe demarcated by weak to moderate sinuses. The platform is nearly flat, poorly ornamented or covered with fine nodes. Some specimens (C) show affinities to Palmatolepis gutta Kuzmin, 1998, however, the wider platform of Palmatolepis sp. A has more pronounced, triangular outer lobe. From Palmatolepis punctata they differ in uniform and more delicate ornamentation and a sinusous course of carina, however the posterior carina is not as much curved inward as in Palmatolepis hassi. D, J. Palmatolepis hassi Müller and Müller, 1957 (sensu Ziegler and Sandberg, 1990). D. GIUS 4−3431−4, sample WId−W 62, Wietrznia Id−W. J. GIUS 4−3432−1, sample Kt−V 154, Kostomłoty−Mogiłki. E. Palmatolepis sp., GIUS 4−3428−7, sample WIe 233/2, Wietrznia Ie, specimen displaying similarity to Pa. maximovae Kuzmin, 1998 with its deep sinus in posterior part of the platform. F. Palmatolepis aff. triquetra Kuzmin, 1998, GIUS 4−3432−2, sample KPK F9, Kowala. G. Palmatolepis plana Ziegler and Sandberg, 1990, GIUS 4−3429−12, sample WIe 233/2, Wietrznia Ie. H. Palmatolepis aff. Pa. proversa Ziegler, 1958, GIUS 4−3432−3, sample WId−W62, Wietrznia Id−W. I. Ancyrognathus sp. A, GIUS 4−3432−4, sample Sl 16, Śluchowice. The Pa elements of the specimens are robust, covered irregulary with nodes or short transverse ridges on marginal sides; posterior carina is gently curved outwardly while secondary carina is slightly directed anteriorly; pit is large, elongated and diamond−shaped. K. Palmatolepis punctata (Hinde, 1879), GIUS 4−3428−8, sample Kt−V 128, Kostomłoty−Mogiłki. L. Palmatolepis bohemica Klapper and Foster, 1993, GIUS 4−3430−3, sample Kt−V 128, Kostomłoty−Mogiłki.

Fig. 5 in Conodont-based event stratigraphy of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition on the South Polish carbonate shelf

Fig. 5. Field photo of studied eastern quarry at Śluchowice (A; see Figs. 2, 9), with close−up of very−thin bedded Śluchowice Marly Level, showing initial slump folds and flat pebbles (B; scale bar 20 cm; compare with Szulczewski 1968: fig. 2).

Fig. 3 in Conodont-based event stratigraphy of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition on the South Polish carbonate shelf

Fig. 3. Location of Early to Middle Frasnian sections studied (Fig. 2) against developmental stages of the Middle to Late Devonian bank−to−reef complex of the Holy Cross Mountains; stratigraphic−facies cross−section (after Racki 1993b: fig. 3, changed) is shown to emphasise eustatic rhythmic control of the depositional pattern; Ic−IIf, transgressive−regressive cycles modified from Johnson et al. (1985), and Timan, Middlesex, and Rhinestreet deepening pulses summarized in House (2002) and House and Gradestein (2004).

Fig. 2 in Conodont-based event stratigraphy of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition on the South Polish carbonate shelf

Fig. 2. Location map of studied Early to Middle Frasnian exposures in Poland (A) and Holy Cross Mountaints (B; based on Szulczewski 1971: fig. 1). Abbreviations: G, Małe Górki quarry; J, Jaźwica quarry; KW, Kowala railroad cut; M, Mogiłki quarry; SK, unused Sitkówka−Kowala; T, active Kowala quarry; V, Wietrznia II quarry; W, unused Wietrznia I quarry (see Fig. 6).

Fig. 13 in Conodont-based event stratigraphy of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition on the South Polish carbonate shelf

Fig. 13. Early to Middle Frasnian conodonts from the Holy Cross Mountains and Cracow region; SEM micrographs. A. Ancyrodella rugosa Branson and Mehl, 1934; GIUS 4−3428−1, sample Kt−V 21, Kostomłoty−Mogiłki. B. Ancyrodella pramosica Perri and Spaletta, 1981; GIUS 4−3428−2, sample Sl 17, Śluchowice. C. Ancyrodella africana Garcia−Lopez, 1981, GIUS 4−3428−3, sample WId−W 42/2, Wietrznia Id−W. D, E. Ancyrodella gigas Youngquist, 1947 (form 1 sensu Klapper, 1988). D. GIUS 4−3428−4, sample Deb 62B, narrow specimen showing affinities with Ancyrodella pramosica, Dębnik. E. GIUS 4−3429−1, sample WIe 169, Wietrznia Ie. F. Ancyrodella curvata (Branson and Mehl, 1934) early form, GIUS 4−3430−1, sample Kt−V 133, Kostomłoty−Mogiłki. G. Ancyrodella gigas Youngquist, 1947 (form 3 sensu Klapper, 1988), GIUS 4−3431−1, sample WId−W 62, Wietrznia Id−W. H, I. Ancyrodella gigas Youngquist, 1947 (form 2 sensu Klapper, 1988). H. GIUS 4−3431−2, sample Sl 89, Śluchowice. I. GIUS 4−3429−2, sample KPK F1, Kowala. J. Ozarkodina nonaginta Klapper, Kuzmin, and Ovnatanova, 1996, GIUS 4−3429−3, sample WIe 233/2, Wietrznia Ie. K. Ozarkodina trepta (Ziegler, 1958), GIUS 4−3430−2, sample Kt−V 128, Kostomłoty−Mogiłki. L. Polygnathus efimovae Kononova, Alekseev, Barskov, and Reimers, 1996, GIUS 4−3429−4, sample KPK F1, Kowala. M. Polygnathus rudkinenesis Ovnatanova and Kononova, 1996, GIUS 4−3429−5, sample Kt−V 61, Kostomłoty−Mogiłki. N. Polygnathus elegantulus Klapper and Lane, 1985, GIUS 4−3429−6, sample KPK F1 Kowala. O. Polygnathus lodinensis, Pölsler, 1959, GIUS 4−3428−5, sample WId−W 50/2, Wietrznia Id−W. P. Polygnathus uchtensis Ovnatanova and Kuzmin, 1991, GIUS 4−3429−7, sample Deb 94, Dębnik. Q. Polygnathus timanicus Ovnatanova, 1969, GIUS 4−3429−8, sample Deb 61, Dębnik. R, S. Polygnathus brevilamiformis, Ovnatanova, 1976, GIUS 4−3429−13 (R) and GIUS 4−3429−14 (S), sample KPK F1, Kowala. T, U. Polygnathus zinaidae Kononova, Alekseev, Barskov, and Reimers, 1996, GIUS 4−3429−9 (T) and GIUS 4−3429−10 (U), sample WIe 233/4, Wietrznia Ie.

Frasnian, lateral (B1), ventral (B2), anterior (B3), posterior (B4), and dorsal (B5) views of a rounded exfoliated shell, 27.7 mm wide, 25.6 mm long, and about 14.5 mm thick. C. PUM05008, sample PY4, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, lateral (C1), dorsal (C2), and ventral (C3) views of the sectioned specimen (Fig. 6). D. PUM05009, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, ventral beak broken, showing small conjunct deltidial plates (note that true foramen (approximately dashed line) takes up only a small part at the bottom of the seen later enlarged hole). E. PUM05010, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, posterior (E1), lateral (E2), anterior (E3), ventral (E4), and dorsal (E5) views, 26.7 mm wide, 27.7 mm long, 18.5 mm thick, adpressed ventral beak. F. PUM05011, sample GC22, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, dorsal view. in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Frasnian, lateral (B1), ventral (B2), anterior (B3), posterior (B4), and dorsal (B5) views of a rounded exfoliated shell, 27.7 mm wide, 25.6 mm long, and about 14.5 mm thick. C. PUM05008, sample PY4, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, lateral (C1), dorsal (C2), and ventral (C3) views of the sectioned specimen (Fig. 6). D. PUM05009, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, ventral beak broken, showing small conjunct deltidial plates (note that true foramen (approximately dashed line) takes up only a small part at the bottom of the seen later enlarged hole). E. PUM05010, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, posterior (E1), lateral (E2), anterior (E3), ventral (E4), and dorsal (E5) views, 26.7 mm wide, 27.7 mm long, 18.5 mm thick, adpressed ventral beak. F. PUM05011, sample GC22, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, dorsal view.

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Fig. 3 in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 3. Location of the regions and sections studied.

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FIGURE 7 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas

FIGURE 7. Correlation of the three sections based on the results of the graphic correlation method.

Fig. 1 in Ostracods and facies of the Early and Middle Frasnian at Devils Gate in Nevada: Relationship to the Alamo Event

Fig. 1. Location of the Devils Gate section, Nevada (after Casier et al. 1996).

Fig. 2 in Faunal and facies changes at the Early-Middle Frasnian boundary in the north-western East European Platform

Fig. 2. Local stratigraphical chart of the north−central part of the Main Devonian Field.

Fig. 6 in Conodont-based event stratigraphy of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition on the South Polish carbonate shelf

Fig. 6. Location sketch of Wietrznia quarry sections at Kielce (see Figs. 2, 7, 8).