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1,150 results for “Genitive”
Safety and Efficacy Comparator Trial of a New Drug Against Genital Herpes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01658826. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
‘Picking up signals’ in male genital morphospace and integrating phylogenomics to delimit Neotropical Nylanderia Emery species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
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Knowledge, experiences, and practices of women affected by female genital schistosomiasis in rural Madagascar
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Male genital lobe morphology affects the chance to copulate in Drosophila pachea
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Data from: Divergence in the internal genital morphology of females is correlated with divergence in male intromittent structures among populations of a millipede
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Rapid divergent evolution of internal female genitalia and the coevolution of male genital morphology revealed by micro-computed tomography
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Data from: Scaling of ovipositor size in Drosophila suzukii and D. subpulchrella: Altered genital-coupling mechanisms and evolution of allometric slopes
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Interspecific introgression reveals a role of male genital morphology during the evolution of reproductive isolation in Drosophila
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The condition-dependence of male genital size and shape
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High variation in last male sperm precedence and genital morphology in the emerald damselfly Lestes sponsa
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Nutrition affects larval survival and the development of morphological traits in male and female flour beetles, but genital size and shape remain canalized
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Baculum shape and paternity success in house mice: evidence for genital coevolution
<p>Sexual selection is believed to be responsible for the rapid divergence of male genitalia, which is a widely observed phenomenon across different taxa. Among mammals, the stimulatory role of male genitalia and female 'sensory perception' has been suggested to explain these evolutionary patterns. Recent research on house mice has shown that baculum (penis bone) shape can respond to experimentally imposed sexual selection. Here, we explore the adaptive value of baculum shape by performing two experiments that examine the effects of male and female genitalia on male reproductive success. Thus, we selected house mice (<i>Mus musculus domesticus</i>) from families characterised by extremes in baculum shape (relative width) and examined paternity success in both non-competitive (monogamous) and competitive (polyandrous) contexts. Our analyses revealed that the relative baculum shape of competing males influenced competitive paternity success, but that this effect was dependent on the breeding value for baculum shape of the family from which females were derived. Our data provide novel insight into the potential role of sexual selected on the coevolution of the house mouse baculum and lend support to the stimulatory hypothesis for mammalian genital evolution.</p>
Sexual selection on the genital lobes of male Drosophila simulans
<p class="CxSpFirst">Sexual selection is thought to be responsible for the rapid divergent evolution of male genitalia with several studies detecting multivariate sexual selection on genital form. However, in most cases, selection is only estimated during a single episode of selection, which provides an incomplete view of net selection on genital traits. Here we estimate the strength and form of multivariate selection on the genitalia arch of <i>Drosophila simulans</i> when mating occurs in the absence of a competitor and during sperm competition, in both sperm defence and offense roles (i.e. when mating first and last). We found that the strength of sexual selection on the genital arch was strongest during non-competitive mating and weakest during sperm offense. However, the direction of selection was similar across selection episodes with no evidence for antagonistic selection. Overall, selection was not particularly strong despite genitals clearly evolving rapidly in this species.</p>
FIGURES 34–39. Male genital structures. 34, 35.—Left paramere. 36, 37.—Right paramere. 38, 39.—Endophallus. 34, 36, 38.—Valdasus favrei n in Review of the genus Valdasus Stål, 1860 (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae), with descriptions of four new species from Brazil, Ecuador and French Guiana
FIGURES 34–39. Male genital structures. 34, 35.—Left paramere. 36, 37.—Right paramere. 38, 39.—Endophallus. 34, 36, 38.—Valdasus favrei n. sp. 35, 37, 39.—Valdasus ferrerai n. sp. Scale = 0.1 mm.
dorsal view; 5. Supra anal plate; 6. Sub-genital plate; 7. Dorsal view of genitalia (a. guiding rod); 8. Ventral view of genitalia in Notes on some lesser known crickets of the tribe Podoscirtini (Podoscirtinae Gryllidae: Orthoptera) from India
dorsal view; 5. Supra anal plate; 6. Sub-genital plate; 7. Dorsal view of genitalia (a. guiding rod); 8. Ventral view of genitalia
Data from: Female genital cosmetic surgery: a cross-sectional survey exploring knowledge, attitude and practice of general practitioners
Objective To explore general practitioner's (GP) knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) in Australia. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Australia. Sample GPs who attended a women's health seminar and GPs who subscribed to a non-governmental, national health professional organisation database that provides education to primary care professionals. Method A national online survey of GPs was conducted for the 10-week period, starting 1 week prior and 2 months after a Women's Health seminar was held in Perth on 8 August 2015. 31 questions prompted GPs' knowledge, attitudes and practice in managing patients asking about FGCS. Results The survey was fully completed by 443 GPs; 54% had seen patients requesting FGCS. Overall, 75% (95% CI 71% to 79%) of GPs rated their knowledge of FGCS as inadequate and 97% (95% CI 94% to 99%) had been asked by women of all ages about genital normality. Of those who had seen patients requesting FGCS, nearly half (44%, 95% CI 38% to 51%) reported they had insufficient knowledge of risks of FGCS procedures and 35% (95% CI 29% to 41%) reported seeing females younger than 18 years of age requesting FGCS. Just over half (56%, 95% CI 51% to 60%) of the GPs felt that women should be counselled before making a referral for FGCS. More than half the GPs suspected psychological disturbances in their patients requesting FGCS such as depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties and body dysmorphic disorder. Conclusions GPs see women of all ages presenting with genital anatomy concerns and in those who request FGCS, GPs often suspected a range of mental health difficulties. GPs require greater education to support their patients who request FGCS.
Data from: Origins of female genital diversity: predation risk and lock-and-key explain rapid divergence during an adaptive radiation
The study of male genital diversity has long overshadowed evolutionary inquiry of female genitalia, despite its non-trivial diversity. Here we identify four non-mutually exclusive mechanisms that could lead to genital divergence in females, and potentially generate patterns of correlated male-female genital evolution: (1) ecological variation alters the context of sexual selection ("ecology hypothesis"), (2) sexually antagonistic selection ("sexual-conflict hypothesis"), (3) female preferences for male genitalia mediated by female genital traits ("female-choice hypothesis"), and (4) selection against inter-population mating ("lock-and-key hypothesis"). We performed an empirical investigation of all four hypotheses using the model system of Bahamas mosquitofish inhabiting blue holes that vary in predation risk. We found unequivocal support for the ecology hypothesis, with females exhibiting a smaller genital opening in blue holes containing piscivorous fish. This is consistent with stronger postmating female choice/choice when predators are present, but greater premating female choice in their absence. Our results additionally supported the lock-and-key hypothesis, uncovering a pattern of reproductive character displacement for genital shape. We found no support for the sexual conflict or female choice hypotheses. Our results demonstrate a strong role for ecology in generating female genital diversity, and suggest that lock-and-key may provide a viable cause of female genital diversification.
Data from: Impact of sexually antagonistic genital morphologies on female reproduction and wild population demography
Sexual conflict is a strong driver of evolution. The evolutionary outcomes of sexual conflict can, in turn, influence ecological processes within populations, e.g., demography. However, evidence for the latter hypothesis is scarce, especially in the wild. Here, we show that sexual conflict is associated with demographic processes determining population size in the ground beetle Carabus insulicola with elaborate male and female genitalia, based on individual- and population-level analyses. We found that sexually antagonistic selection can operate on the genitalia: longer male genitalia can be beneficial in sperm competition but decrease female reproductive success with increased egg dumping, while longer female genitalia are resistant to this male harassment via decreased egg dumping and increased fertilization rate. As expected from sexually antagonistic coevolution due to sexual conflict, we detected coevolutionary divergence between male and female genital sizes among populations. In parallel with decrease in female reproductive success, more harmful males with longer genitalia and less resistant females with shorter genitalia were related to small effective population sizes. Thus, sexual conflict may promote coevolutionary diversification between sexual traits, and this was associated with a demographic process. Our findings provide an insight into sex-driven eco-evolutionary dynamics in the wild.
FIGURE 8. Female genital plates, posterior view. A, S in Phylogeny and revision of Schraderiellus Rider, 1998 with the description of five new species (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae, Ochlerini)
FIGURE 8. Female genital plates, posterior view. A, S. hughesae; B, S. cinctus; C, S. luridomaculatus sp. nv.; D, S. rufilineatus sp. nv.; E, S. luteipedis sp. nv.. Abbreviations. gcVIII, gonocoxites VIII; gcIX, gonocoxites IX; laVIII, laterotergites VIII; laIX, laterotergites IX; X, segment X. Scale bars: 1mm.
Data from: Are assortative mating and genital divergence driven by reinforcement?
The evolution of assortative mating is a key part of the speciation process. Stronger assortment, or greater divergence in mating traits, between species pairs with overlapping ranges is commonly observed, but possible causes of this pattern of reproductive character displacement are difficult to distinguish. We use a multidisciplinary approach to provide a rare example where it is possible to distinguish among hypotheses concerning the evolution of reproductive character displacement. We build on an earlier comparative analysis that illustrated a strong pattern of greater divergence in penis form between pairs of sister species with overlapping ranges than between allopatric sister-species pairs, in a large clade of marine gastropods (Littorinidae). We investigate both assortative mating and divergence in male genitalia in one of the sister-species pairs, discriminating among three contrasting processes each of which can generate a pattern of reproductive character displacement: reinforcement, reproductive interference and the Templeton effect. We demonstrate reproductive character displacement in assortative mating, but not in genital form between this pair of sister species and use demographic models to distinguish among the different processes. Our results support a model with no gene flow since secondary contact and thus favour reproductive interference as the cause of reproductive character displacement for mate choice, rather than reinforcement. High gene flow within species argues against the Templeton effect. Secondary contact appears to have had little impact on genital divergence.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.