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Figures 165–167 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 165–167. Parosteodes species: 165, P. grisea; 166, P. procurata, ♂ genitalia; 167; P. fictiliaria, ♀ genitalia.

Figures 153–158 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 153–158. Macaria species: 153, M. carbonaria, ♂ genitalia; 154, M. carbonaria, sternum A8 of ♂; 155, M. brunneata, ♂ genitalia; 156, M. infirmata, ♂ genitalia; 157, M. rimosata, ♂ genitalia; 158, M. subdiversa, ♂ genitalia.

Figures 124–129 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 124–129. Gnopharmia species: 124, G. colchidaria, ♂ genitalia; 125, G. colchidaria, sternum A8 of ♂; 126, G. irakensis, ♂ genitalia; 127, G. irakensis, sternum A8 of ♂; 128, 129, G. objectaria, ♀ genitalia (128, showing oviposi-

Figures 72–79 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 72–79. Narraga species: 72, N. fasciolaria, ♂ genitalia; 73, N. fasciolaria, sternum A8 of ♂; 74, N. nelvae, ♂ genitalia; 75, N. tessularia, ♂ genitalia; 76, N. fimetaria, ♂ genitalia; 77, N. fimetaria ♀ genitalia; 78, N. fimetaria, ♀ genitalia, ostium and antrum; 79, N. fimetaria, ♀ genitalia, signa.

Figures 68–71 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 68–71. Plateoplia acrobelia: 68, ♂ genitalia; 69, sternum A8 of ♂; 70, ♀ genitalia, ostium region; 71, ♀ genitalia.

Figures 90–95 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 90–95. Isturgia species, ♂ genitalia and sternum A8 of ♂: 90, 91 I. contexta; 92, 93, I. ossea; 94, 95, undescribed

Figures 108–110 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 108–110. Isturgia species, ♀ genitalia. 108, I. limbaria; 109, I. famula; 110, I. hopfferaria.

Figures 102–107 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 102–107. Isturgia species, ♂ genitalia and sternum A8 of ♂: 102, 103, I. murinaria; 104, 105, I. hopfferaria; 106, 107, I. arenacearia.

Figures 64–67 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 64–67. Milocera species: 64, M. horaria, ♂ genitalia; 65, M. horaria, ♀ genitalia; 66, M. arcifera, ♂ genitalia; 67, M. arcifera, ♀ genitalia.

Figures 96–101 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 96–101. Isturgia species, ♂ genitalia and sternum A8 of ♂: 96, 97, I. quadriplaga; 98, 99, I. disputaria; 100, 101, I. sublimbata.

Figures 84–89 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 84–89. Isturgia species: 84, 85, I. roraria, 84, ♂ genitalia, 85, detail; 86, 87, I. miniosaria, 86, ♂ genitalia, 87,

Figures 80–83 in A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae)

Figures 80–83. Heliomata species: 80, H. cycladata, ♂ genitalia; 81, H. glarearia, ♂ genitalia; 82, H. glarearia, sternum A8 of ♂; 83, H. glarearia, ♀ genitalia.

Figure 135. A in Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)

Figure 135. A simplified cladogram of Figure 133 transformed to show generic relationships within the Scopulini. Taxa of uncertain generic association (incertae sedis) are shown in grey.

Figure 134. Cladogram 19 in Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)

Figure 134. Cladogram 19 of 20 based on 141 characters from adult morphology and ecology (L = 853, CI = 0.22; RI = 0.59). Numbers above hash marks indicate character numbers and below character states. Black bars indicate unique and white bars non-unique synapomorphies. Species are mentioned in their generic combinations prior to analysis. Names on the right-hand margin indicate genera as recognized here.

Figure 133 in Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)

Figure 133. Strict consensus of 20 equally parsimonious cladograms. based on 141 characters of adult morphology and ecology (L = 876, CI = 0.21; RI = 0.58). Species are mentioned in their generic combinations prior to analysis. Names on the right-hand margin indicate genera as recognized here.

Figures 109–117 in Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)

Figures 109–117. Characters used in the cladistic analysis. Species are mentioned in their generic combinations prior to analysis. The numbers in the figures refer to the numbers of the character states. 109. Base of male metafurca (posterior view). Idaea aversata (slide number) PS766. 110. Base of male metafurca (posterior view). Cartaletis variabilis (slide number) BMNH GEO20575. 111. Membranous sac at posterior part of male metathoracic coxa (dorsal view). Scopula silonaria BMNH GEO20433. 112. Opening on dorsal sclerite of male metathorax (dorsal view). Scopula ternata PS718. 113. Hair pencils of tibia on outer and inner margin of male hindleg. Ignobilia urnaria BMNH GEO20579. 114. Pretarsus of male hindleg. Zythos turbata BMNH GEO20443. 115. Pretarsus of male hindleg. Problepsis achlyobathra BMNH GEO20724. 116. Pouch on male 2nd sternite with lateral invaginations. Antitrygodes parvimacula PS883. 117. Lateral appendices of socii. Problepsis plagiata PS709.

Figures 100–108 in Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)

Figures 100–108. Characters used in the cladistic analysis. Species are mentioned in their generic combinations prior to analysis. The numbers in the figures refer to the numbers of the character states. 100. Extensions on the anterior part of dorsal sclerite between antennae. Somatina microphylla (slide number) PS711. 101. Structure of iridescent scales. Zythos turbata. 102. Structure of iridescent scales. Problepsis conjunctiva. 103. Chaetosemata. Zythos avellanea. 104. Scales among chaetosemata. Cartaletis variabilis. 105. Dark patch at forewing transverse median line that is separated by vein CuA1 (veins drawn on top). Problepsis conjunctiva. 106. Dark patch at forewing M2 (veins drawn on top). Problepsis centrophora. 107. Anterior and posterior ventral lamina of metathorax metafurca. Scopula imitaria PS779. 108. Pouch on posterior margin of male metathorax coxa. Problepsis ocellata (slide number) BMNH GEO20421.

Figures 80–99 in Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)

Figures 80–99. Female genitalia of type species of genera included in the phylogenetic analysis. The numbers in the figures refer to the numbers of the character states. 80. Idaea aversata (slide number) PS828. 81. Somatina anthophilata (slide number) BMNH GEO20472. 82. Dithalama cosmospila PS832. 83. Zythos turbata BMNH GEO20483. 84. Problepsis ocellata BMNH GEO20485. 85. Scopula ornata PS835. 86. Ignobilia urnaria (insert: signum) BMNH GEO20532. 87. Antitrygodes divisaria BMNH GEO20480. 88. Epicosymbia dentisignata BMNH GEO20462. 89. Glossotrophia confinaria BMNH GEO20476. 90. Isoplenia trisinuata BMNH GEO20464. 91. Cartaletis libyssa BMNH GEO20468. 92. Aletis helcita BMNH GEO20469. 93. Leucoxena lactea BMNH GEO20478. 94. Pseudocinglis eurata PS895. 95. Cinglis humifusaria PS644. 96. Antilycauges pinguis BMNH GEO20479 (insert: corpus bursae spines). 97. Oar pratana PS804. 98. Zygophyxia tornisecta BMNH GEO20474. 99. Scopuloides fucata PS59. Figures are not to scale.

Figures 118–132 in Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)

Figures 118–132. Characters used in the cladistic analysis. Species are mentioned in their generic combinations prior to analysis. The numbers in the figures refer to the numbers of the character states. 118. Posterior margin of male 8th tergite. Scopula submutata (slide number) PS693. 119. Posterior margin of male 8th tergite. Dithalama cosmospila PS707. 120. Posterior margin of male 8th tergite. Somatina eurymitra PS888. 121. Posterior margin of male 8th tergite. Zythos avellanea PS879. 122. Posterior margin of male 8th tergite. Antitrygodes divisaria (slide number) BMNH GEO20375. 123. Apex of coremata. Scopula rhodocraspeda BMNH GEO20700. 124. Position of sacculus. Zythos obliterata BMNH GEO20591. 125. Dorsally fused anterior margins of tegumen (dorsal view). Zythos turbata BMNH GEO20371. 126. Plate-shaped sclerotization at proximal end of ductus ejaculatorius. Antilycauges pinguis BMNH GEO20381. 127. Sclerotization of vesica. Scopula rivularia BMNH GEO20684. 128. Dorsal diverticulum of vesica with sharp sclerotization at apex. Problepsis plagiata PS709. 129. Parallel folds of vesica. Zythos turbata BMNH GEO20371. 130. Signum. Somatina indicataria PS834. 131. Bare zone of signum. Zythos obliterata BMNH GEO20592. 132. Flexible lamella antevaginalis divided into two parts. Zythos avellanea PS880.

Figures 26–29 in Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)

Figures 26–29. Interpretation of wing pattern homologies. Species are mentioned in their generic combinations prior to analysis. The numbers in the figures refer to the numbers of the character states. 26. Glossotrophia confinaria. 27. Problepsis aegretta. 28. Somatina chalyboeta. 29. Antitrygodes divisaria. Abbreviations: t.a., transverse anterior line. t.m., transverse median line. t.p.l., transverse posterior line. s.t.s.l., subterminal shade line. a.t.s.l., adterminal shade line. t.l., terminal line. Figures are not to scale.