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FIGURE 4. Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 4. Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 showing body coloration in live condition (A) dorsal view of male in its natural habitat near Shashi lake, (B) front view of male and (C) dorsal view of young female in its natural habitat near Shashi lake.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 3. Ovipositor shape of Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 (A) Allotype, (B) Paratype from NMW, (C) studied specimen from Shashi lake and (D) Paratype of H. fasciata Uvarov, 1921 from MNCN (photo from OSF).

FIGURE 14 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 14. Oscillograms (A–B) and spectrogram (C) of Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 'courtship' song recorded in laboratory.

FIGURE 13 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 13. Oscillograms (A–B) and spectrogram (C) of Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 long-distance calling song recorded in laboratory.

FIGURE 2 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 2. Vertex ivory in (A) Hyphinomos fasciata Uvarov, 1921 (photo from OSF) and black, adorned with yellow stripes and patches in (B) H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950.

FIGURE 11 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 11. Images of Shashi lake (A) taken in July -August, 2020 showing water level in the lake, (B) view from top of Shashi mountain, (C) Androsace villosa, (D) Cousinia thomsonii and (E) Corydalis govaniana,.

FIGURE 10 in Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950

FIGURE 10. (A) Anal cerci in male Hyphinomos svenhedini Ramme, 1950 and (B) shape of titillators with membrane and (C) without membrane showing small spines on both the edges. Scale 1mm.

opennotspecifiedJul 2016View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. C. f. frater Thomas, 1902 — S Bolivia (E Potosi Department). C. f. barbarous Thomas, 1921 — NW Argentina (S Jujuy and adjacent Salta provinces). C. f. budini Thomas, 1913 — NW Argentina (high altitudes in Jujuy and WC Salta provinces). C. f. mordosus Thomas, 1926 — S Bolivia (S Tarija); possibly adjacent N Argentina (Jujuy Province). C. f. sylvanus Thomas, 1919 — NW Argentina (base of Andes in E Jujuy and W Salta provinces). in Ctenomyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C. f. frater Thomas, 1902 — S Bolivia (E Potosi Department). C. f. barbarous Thomas, 1921 — NW Argentina (S Jujuy and adjacent Salta provinces). C. f. budini Thomas, 1913 — NW Argentina (high altitudes in Jujuy and WC Salta provinces). C. f. mordosus Thomas, 1926 — S Bolivia (S Tarija); possibly adjacent N Argentina (Jujuy Province). C. f. sylvanus Thomas, 1919 — NW Argentina (base of Andes in E Jujuy and W Salta provinces).

FIGURE 16–17 in A new high-altitude species of Penaincisalia Johnson, 1990 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Peruvian Andes

FIGURE 16–17. Female eumaeine hairstreak phenotypes showing dorsal (upper images) and ventral (lower images) wing surafaces. 16 = Shapiroana matusikorum Johnson, 1992 (holotype female); 17 = Penaincisalia aurulenta Johnson, 1990 (Ancash, Peru). (16: reproduced from Warren et al. 2017; 17: photos: P. Boyer)

FIGURE 12 in A new high-altitude species of Penaincisalia Johnson, 1990 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Peruvian Andes

FIGURE 12. Penaincisalia culminicola (Staudinger, 1894) male thermal regulating on a heat radiating rock (Ancash, Peru, 10.VI.2019). (photo: P. Boyer)

FIGURE 13–15 in A new high-altitude species of Penaincisalia Johnson, 1990 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Peruvian Andes

FIGURE 13–15. Female genitalia in ventral view. 13 = Rhamma oxida (Hewitson, 1870) (type species of Rhamma Johnson, 1992); 14 = Shapiroana matusikorum Johnson, 1992 (holotype); 15 = Penaincisalia aurulenta Johnson, 1990. (reproduced from Johnson, 1992)

FIGURE 11. Penaincisalia aurulenta Johnson, 1990 in A new high-altitude species of Penaincisalia Johnson, 1990 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Peruvian Andes

FIGURE 11. Penaincisalia aurulenta Johnson, 1990 male lekking on a lichen covered rock (Ancash, Peru, 18.VI.2021). (photo: P Boyer)

FIGURE 10 in A new high-altitude species of Penaincisalia Johnson, 1990 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Peruvian Andes

FIGURE 10. Environment of the type locality of Penaincisalia jadwigae sp. n., 4600 m, Huancavelica, Peru, IX.2021. (photo: P. Boyer)

FIGURE 9 in A new high-altitude species of Penaincisalia Johnson, 1990 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Peruvian Andes

FIGURE 9. Type localities of Penaincisalia species with male orange dorsal colouration. Penaincisalia alina Bálint, 2019 (Apurímac: Abancay Pass), P. aurulenta Johnson, 1990 (Ancash: Caraz), P. jadwigae sp. n. (Huancavelica), P. perezi Bálint, 2001 (Ancash: Parque Nacional Huascarán, Quebrada Demanda) and P. sp. (Apurímac: Abancay Pass).

FIGURE 7–8 in A new high-altitude species of Penaincisalia Johnson, 1990 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Peruvian Andes

FIGURE 7–8. Female genitalia of Penaincisalia jadwigae sp. n. in lateral (7) and ventral view (8). Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 1–4 in A new high-altitude species of Penaincisalia Johnson, 1990 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Peruvian Andes

FIGURE 1–4. Penaincisalia jadwigae sp. n. type material. 1 = holotype dorsum, 2 = ditto, ventrum, 3 = paratype no. 1. (allotype) female dorsum, 4 = ditto, ventrum. All specimens under same magnification. Scale: holotype fore wing costa length 11 mm.

FIGURE 5–6 in A new high-altitude species of Penaincisalia Johnson, 1990 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Peruvian Andes

FIGURE 5–6. Male genitalia capsula and aedeagus of Penaincisalia jadwigae sp. n. in lateral (5) and ventral view (aedeagus excluded) (6). Scale bar: 1 mm.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

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Introgression, admixture and selection facilitate genetic adaptation to high-altitude environments in Chinese cattle

Domestication and subsequent selection of cattle to form breeds and biological types that can adapt to different environments partitioned ancestral genetic diversity into distinct modern lineages. Genome-wide selection particularly for adaptation to extreme environments left detectable signatures genome-wide. We used high-density genotype data for 42 cattle breeds and identified the influence of Bos grunniens and Bos javanicus on the formation of Chinese indicine breeds that led to their divergence from India-origin Zebu. We also found evidence for introgression, admixture, and migration in most of the Chinese breeds. Selection signature analyses between high-altitude (>1800m) and low-altitude adapted breeds (<1500m) revealed candidate genes (ACSS2, ALDOC, EPAS1, EGLN1, NUCB2) and pathways that are putatively involved in hypoxia adaptation. Immunohistochemical, real-time PCR and CRISPR/cas9 ACSS2-knockout analyses suggests that the up-regulation of ACSS2 expression in the liver promotes the metabolic adaptation of cells to hypoxia via the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway. High altitude adaptation involved the introgression of alleles from high-altitude adapted Yaks into Chinese B. t. taurus prior to their formation into recognized breeds and followed by selection. In addition to selection, adaptation to high altitude environments has been facilitated by admixture and introgression with locally adapted cattle populations.

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

FIGURE 5 in Yet another small brown frog from high altitude on the Marojejy Massif, northeastern Madagascar (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 5. Audiospectrogram (above) and oscillogram (below) of a call of a specimen of G. schilfi (ZSM 415/2016 = ZCMV 15246), recorded on 19 November 2016 in proximity of the G. tohatra type locality on the Marojejy Massif. Calls were filtered with a high pass filter to remove frequencies below 1000 Hz in order to reduce wind artefacts.