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1,334 results for “Himalaya”
Figure 1 in First photographic evidence of Panthera tigris from Neora Valley National Park, Central Himalayas, India
Figure 1. Map of Neora Valley National Park with camera trap location.
Figure 41 in A new record of Heptagenia (H.) quadripunctata Kluge, 1989 (Heptageniinae: Heptageniidae: Ephemeroptera) from the Western Himalaya, India
Figure 41. Distribution map of H. (H.) quadripunctata of India
Early 21st century accelerated glacier shrinkage and associated climatic drivers in Bhaga basin, north-western Himalaya
<p>This study investigates the glacier changes in the Bhaga basin, western Himalaya during the last five decades based on various satellite imagery: Corona KH4 (1971), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+; 2000), Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor (LISS IV; 2013), Sentinel 2 (2016 and 2018). We compare glacier changes on spatial and temporal scales and their dependency on local topographic settings (elevation, slope, aspect, debris cover, presence of glacial lakes) and climatic fluctuations. Long-term (1900-present) reanalysis climatic datasets were evaluated to monitor the temperature and precipitation trend of the region. Glacier mapping from 2013 (LISS IV) images yielded 306 glaciers (>0.2 km²) with a total area of 360.3 ± 4.0 km², of which 55.7 ± 0.6 km² was covered by debris. Glaciers in the Bhaga basin lost -7.9 ± 1.5% (-0.17% yr¯¹) of ice during 1971-2018 with a significant heterogeneous rate within tributary watersheds. The number of analyzed glaciers increased by nine due to fragmentations. In recent decades (2000-18), the deglaciation rate has increased significantly (-0.25% yr¯¹) compared to previous decades (1971-2000; -0.12% yr¯¹). The retreat rate has been observed to be much lower than previously reported. Heterogeneous ice loss was mostly controlled by the size, altitudinal range, orientation, and debris cover. Analysis and inter-comparison of multiple gridded climatic data during the last century shows a drastic change in climatic trends around 2000 in western Himalaya. Asian Precipitation-Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation (APHRODITE) data reveals an increasing trend in temperature (0.019° C yr¯¹) and a significant decreasing trend in precipitation (-1.969 mm yr¯¹) after 1990. The observed glacier change in the Bhaga basin is in similarity to the observed climatic trend for the western Himalaya.</p>
Numbers of individuals and endemicity for birds in three study sites of the Himalayas-Hengduan mountains of China
<p>1. Describing the patterns and revealing the underlying mechanisms responsible for variations in community structure remains a central focus in ecology. However, important gaps remain, including our understanding of species abundance. Most studies on abundance-based relationships are from either temperate ecosystems or tropical ecosystems, and few have explicitly tested abundance-based relationships across a temperate to tropical ecotone.</p> <p>2. Here, we use a comprehensive dataset of breeding birds across elevation spanning a temperate to subtropical gradient in the Himalayas-Hengduan mountains of China to examine the relationship between species abundance and (1) elevational range size, (2) body size, (3) elevational range center and, (4) endemicity.</p> <p>3. We tested a priori predictions for abundance-elevational range size relationship, abundance-body size relationship, and abundance-elevational range center relationship and explored how these relationships change along this temperate to subtropical mountain ecosystem.</p> <p>4. We found that species abundance was significantly positively correlated with elevational range size across the study sites, demonstrating the key importance of elevational range size towards species abundance. Body size and elevational range center are weakly correlated with abundance. A novel finding of our study is that the abundance-elevational range size relationship gradually weakened from temperate to subtropical ecosystems, adding to a growing body of evidence suggesting that abundance-elevational range size tracks a temperate to tropical ecotone.</p> <p>5. Our study demonstrates that abundance range-size relationship can transition across ecotones where faunas of different evolutionary origins converge. Furthermore, measuring abundance relationships across different environmental variables at the same spatial scale with comparable biogeography is a key strategy that can reveal the underlying mechanisms behind abundance patterns.</p>
Fig. 6 in Serratacosa, a new genus of Lycosidae (Araneae) from the southern slopes of the Eastern Himalayas
Fig. 6. Distribution of Serratacosa gen. nov.
Figs. 2–3 in Myrmica longisculpta, a new species from Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)
Figs. 2–3. Myrmica longisculpta sp. nov. 2 – body in lateral view; 3 – body in dorsal view.
Fig. 1 in Myrmica longisculpta, a new species from Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)
Fig. 1. Myrmica longisculpta sp. nov., head in frontal view.
Sentinel-1 RTC imagery processed by ASF over central Himalaya in High Mountain Asia
<p>This is a dataset of Sentinel-1 radiometric terrain corrected (RTC) imagery processed by the Alaska Satellite Facility covering a region within the Central Himalaya. It accompanies a tutorial demonstrating accessing and working with Sentinel-1 RTC imagery using xarray and other open source python packages.</p>
Asymmetric allelic introgression across a hybrid zone of the coal tit (Periparus ater) in the central Himalayas
<p>In the Himalayas, a number of secondary contact zones have been described for vicariant vertebrate taxa. However, analyses of genetic divergence and admixture are missing for most of these examples. In this study, we provide a population genetic analysis for the coal tit (<i>Periparus ater</i>) hybrid zone in Nepal. Intermediate phenotypes between the distinctive western 'spot-winged tit' (<i>P. a. melanolophus</i>) and e<span class="msoDel">E</span>astern Himalayan coal tits (<i>P. a. aemodius</i>) occur across a narrow range of less than 100 km in western Nepal. As a peculiarity, another distinctive cinnamon-bellied form is known from a single population so far. Genetic admixture of western and eastern mitochondrial lineages was restricted to the narrow zone of phenotypically intermediate populations. The cline width was estimated 46 km only with a center close to the population of the cinnamon-bellied phenotype. In contrast, allelic introgression of microsatellite loci was asymmetrical from eastern <i>P. a. aemodius</i> into far western populations of phenotypic <i>P. a. melanolophus</i> but not vice versa. Accordingly, the microsatellite cline was about 3.7 times wider than the mitochondrial one.</p>
Data for: Vegetation and soil ecology of threatened Himalayan Trillium habitats in Kashmir, Himalaya
<p>Understanding the vegetation and soil ecology of natural habitats harbouring threatened species is critical in conservation planning and restoration. The present study investigated the vegetation composition and soil physico-chemical attributes of natural habitats of <em>Trillium govanianum</em> – a threatened Himalayan endemic species. We laid 120 quadrats across eight randomly selected sites where the species was growing in the Kashmir Himalaya. We collected the soil samples from these sites and determined soil physico-chemical attributes using standard methods. Across all the sites, we found a total of 57 plant species with dominance of Rosaceae and Ranunculaceae. The IVI results revealed that <em>Fragaria nubicola</em>, <em>Corydalis diphylla</em>, <em>Galium aparine</em>, and <em>Leucanthemum vulgare</em>, were the dominant species in <em>T. govanianum</em> communities. The density, abundance and IVI of 3-leaf vegetative plants was higher than 1-leaf vegetative and 3-leaf reproductive plants across all the study sites. We found that T. govanianum alone forms 23.5 % positive, 0 negative, 76.4% random co-occurrences with other associated species in its community. Our results reveal that the variations in vegetation composition among the sites was influenced by differences in soil properties. Principal component analysis revealed that several soil parameters such as organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium, and sulphur were concentrated in five sites, namely Dara, Drung, Bangus, Gulmarg, and Doodhpathri, which also showed the highest density, frequency, and abundance of <em>T. govanianum</em>. Overall, our study contributes quantitative information on the vegetation and soil ecology of <em>T. govanianum</em>-assemblages, which in turn can help in developing conservation strategies for this threatened species, and its sustainable management and habitat restoration.</p>
Figures 14–16 in Taxonomic review of the Teulisna pallida (Moore) species-group with descriptions of two new species from the Himalayas (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Figures 14–16. Teulisna spp.: female genitalia. The specimens dissected are deposited in MWM/ZSM.
Figures 1–8 in Taxonomic review of the Teulisna pallida (Moore) species-group with descriptions of two new species from the Himalayas (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Figures 1–8. Teulisna spp.: adults. Depositories of the specimens: 1–6 in MWM/ZSM; 7 and 9 in MfN.
Stable isotopes in precipitation (δ18O and δD) from Yadong and Pali, central Himalayas
<p><strong>Metadata</strong></p> <p>The isotopic compositions of daily precipitation were measured at two stations, Yadong and Pali, in the central Himalayas. The precision for δ<sup>18</sup>O and δD is ±0.1‰ and ±0.4‰, respectively. The meteorological data, including the collection of precipitation amounts and surface air temperature, was obtained by the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.</p> <p><strong>Stations</strong></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Station</strong></td> <td><strong>Latitude</strong></td> <td><strong>Longitude</strong></td> <td><strong>Altitude (m.a.s.l.)</strong></td> <td><strong>Sampling period</strong></td> <td><strong>Samples (n)</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Yadong</td> <td>27° 29’ 40” N</td> <td>88° 55’ 01” E</td> <td>2945</td> <td>2014-03-13 - 2015-07-18</td> <td>125</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pali</td> <td>27° 43’ 16” N</td> <td>89° 09’ 08” E</td> <td>4300</td> <td>2014-03-18 - 2015-07-23</td> <td>130</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Variable definitions</strong></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Description</strong></td> <td><strong>Unit</strong></td> <td><strong>Equipment</strong></td> <td><strong>Additional description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Date time</td> <td>−</td> <td>−</td> <td>−</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Air temperature</td> <td>Celsius (°C)</td> <td>−</td> <td>−</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Precipitation</td> <td>mm</td> <td>−</td> <td>−</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Water vapour isotopic ratio (δ<sup>18</sup>O)</td> <td>per mil</td> <td>Picarro-2130i Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer</td> <td>Normalized to V-SMOW</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Water vapour isotopic ratio (δD)</td> <td>per mil</td> <td>Picarro-2130i Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer</td> <td>Normalized to V-SMOW</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Deuterium excess (d-excess)</td> <td>per mil</td> <td> </td> <td>d-excess=δD-8*δ<sup>18</sup>O</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Reference paper</strong></p> <p>Axelsson, J., Gao, J., Eckhardt, S., Cassiani, M., Chen, D. & Zhang, Q. (2023). A precipitation isotopic response in 2014-2015 to moisture transport changes in the central Himalayas. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em></p>
Glacial lake inventory over Bhutan Himalaya in 2021
<p>The dataset include shape files of glacial lake inventory 2021 covering Bhutan Himalaya delineated by deep learning from multi-source satellite images with manual refinement</p>
Unveiling Transformation: Glacier Area Changes in Changra-Bhaga and Suru-Zanskar Basins (2000-2022), Western Himalaya
<p>The dataset encompasses the temporal variations in glacier extents within the Suru-Zanskar Basin and the Chandra-Bhaga Basin, both integral parts of the Western Himalayan region. Within this dataset, a total of 45 representative glaciers were manually digitized for the years 2000, 2007, 2016, and 2022, using satellite imagery for the Suru-Zanskar Basin. Similarly, temporal glacier areas were calculated for 51 selected glaciers spanning the years 2000, 2009, 2016, and 2022 within the Chandra-Bhaga Basin. For the year 2000, the dataset comprises a recorded area of 913.77 km² for the Suru-Zanskar Basin and 608.95 km² for the Chandra-Bhaga Basin, respectively. This dataset forms an integral component of the manuscript titled "Divergent Temporal Glacier Responses in the Chandra-Bhaga and Suru-Zanskar Basins of the Indian Western Himalaya."</p>
Data from: Contrasting sap flow characteristics between pioneer and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya, India
Abstract The interactive role of life-history traits and environmental forcing on plant-water relations is crucial for understanding species response to climate change but remains poorly understood in secondary tropical montane forests (TMFs). Comparing contrasting life-history traits (pioneer vs late-successional species) in a biodiverse Eastern Himalayan secondary TMF, we investigated sap flow responses in co-occurring pioneer species, Symplocos racemosa (n=5) and Eurya acuminata (n=5), and late-successional species, Castanopsis hystrix (n=3), using modified Granier's Thermal Dissipation probes. The fast-growing pioneers S. racemosa and E. acuminata) had 2.1- and 1.6-times higher sap flux density than the late-successional C. hystrix, respectively, and exhibited characteristics of long-lived pioneer species. Significant radial and azimuthal variability in sap flow (V) between species was observed and attributed to life history traits and the canopy's access to sunlight. Nocturnal V (1800-0500 hr) was 13.8 % of daily V and is attributed to stem recharge for evening V (1800-2300 hr) and to endogenous stomatal controls for pre-dawn V (0000-0500 hr). Both the shallow-rooted pioneer species exhibited midday depression in V attributed to photosensitivity and diel moisture stress response. In contrast, deep-rooted C. hystrix transpired unaffected across the dry season likely accessing groundwater. Thus, the secondary broadleaved TMFs, with the dominance of shallow-rooted pioneers, are more prone to the negative impacts of drier and warmer winters than primary forests, which are dominated by deep-rooted species. The study provides an empirical understanding of life-history traits and microclimate modulating plant-water use in widely distributed secondary TMFs in Eastern Himalaya and highlights their vulnerability against warmer winters and reduced snowfall due to climate change.
Model output data to "Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: on the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high elevation catchment"
<p>We provide i) gridded initial conditions (.tif), ii) modeled gridded monthly outputs (.tif), and iii) modeled hourly outputs at the station locations (.txt) for the hydrological year 2019. Information about the variables and units can be found in the figures (.png) associated to each dataset. Details about the datasets can be found in the original publication by Buri and others (2023).</p><p> </p><p>Buri, P., Fatichi, S., Shaw, T. E., Miles, E. S., McCarthy, M. J., Fyffe, C. L., ... & Pellicciotti, F. (2023). Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High‐Elevation Catchment. <i>Water Resources Research</i>, <i>59</i>(10), e2022WR033841. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841"><strong>10.1029/2022WR033841</strong></a></p>
Asymmetric allelic introgression across a hybrid zone of the coal tit (Periparus ater) in the central Himalayas
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Data for: Vegetation and soil ecology of threatened Himalayan Trillium habitats in Kashmir, Himalaya
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Are human-altered landscapes reshaping carnivore niche spaces in the trans-Himalaya?
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.