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462 results for “InVEST”
Data from: Cooperative breeding favours maternal investment in size over number of eggs in spiders
The transition to cooperative breeding may alter maternal investment strategies depending on density of breeders, extent of reproductive skew and allo-maternal care. Change in optimal investment from solitary to cooperative breeding can be investigated by comparing social species with non-social congeners. We tested two hypotheses in a mainly semelparous system: that social, cooperative breeders, compared to subsocial, solitarily breeding congeners, 1) lay fewer and larger eggs because larger offspring compete better for limited resources and become reproducers; 2) induce egg size variation within clutches as a bet-hedging strategy to ensure that some offspring become reproducers. Within two spider genera, Anelosimus and Stegodyphus, we compared species from similar habitats and augmented the results with a mini-meta-analysis of egg numbers depicted in phylogenies. We found that social species indeed laid fewer, larger eggs than subsocials, while egg size variation was low overall, giving no support for bet-hedging. We propose that the transition to cooperative breeding selects for producing few, large offspring because reproductive skew and high density of breeders and young create competition for resources and reproduction. Convergent evolution has shaped maternal strategies similarly in phylogenetically distant species and directed cooperatively breeding spiders to invest in quality rather than quantity of offspring.
Data from: Shifts in reproductive investment in response to competitors lowers male reproductive success
<p>In many species, males exhibit phenotypic plasticity in sexually selected traits when exposed to social cues about the intensity of sexual competition. To date, however, few studies have tested how this plasticity affects male reproductive success. We initially tested whether male mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki (Poeciliidae), change their investment in traits under pre- and post- copulatory sexual selection depending on the social environment. Focal males were exposed, for a full spermatogenesis cycle, to visual and chemical cues of rivals that were either present (competitive treatment) or absent (control). Males from the competitive treatment had significantly slower swimming sperm, but did not differ in sperm count from control males. When two males competed for a female, competitive treatment males also made significantly fewer copulation attempts and courtship displays than control males. Further, paternity analysis of 708 offspring from 148 potential sires, testing whether these changes in reproductive traits affected male reproductive success, showed that males previously exposed to cues about the presence of rivals sired significantly fewer offspring when competing with a control male. We discuss several possible explanations for these unusual findings.</p>
Data from: On the importance of having a good mother: maternal investment affects duckling mortality risk in wood ducks
Most avian populations experience more variation in recruitment than adult survival, and twhich drives much of the change in population growth rates from year to year. In duck species, the probability of duckling survival is an important component of recruitment into the breeding population. We investigated how variation in maternal investment in offspring by nesting female wood duck Aix sponsa affected duckling mortality (1‐survival) to 60 days of age using capture‐mark‐recapture techniques. Our primary sample consisted of 3,035 ducklings, from 545 nests, that were marked with uniquely coded webtags on the day of hatch over nine nesting seasons (2008‐2016). We also included 4,437 HY and AHY individuals to increase precision on parameter estimates because some ducklings were not recaptured until after fledging. Duckling mortality was greatest during the first week of life (0.76, 85% C.I. 0.71, 0.81) and approached zero by the second week after hatching (0.005, 85% C.I. 0, 0.025). We observed a quadratic effect of hatch date on duckling mortality (βHD = 0.013, 85% CI 0.13, 0.20, βHD2 = 0.12, 85% CI 0.051, 0.017) of hatch date, suggesting that successful females improve fitness by nesting early in the year, but not too early (15 days before mean hatch). Increased egg volume and duckling mass reduced the probability of ducking mortality (βegg volume = ‐0.155, 85% CI ‐0.245, ‐0.075. βduckling mass = ‐7.56, 85% CI ‐10.67,‐4.45). Our results suggest that risk of mortality for ducklings is influenced, at least in part, by maternal effects, which are manifested through energy allocation and behavior during the breeding season. As such, individual heterogeneity among breeding females affects duckling mortality risk and likely the recruitment process for wood ducks.
Data from: Placentation and maternal investment in mammals
The mammalian placenta exhibits striking interspecific morphological variation, yet the implications of such diversity for reproductive strategies and fetal development remain obscure. More invasive hemochorial placentas, in which fetal tissues directly contact the maternal blood supply, are believed to facilitate nutrient transfer, resulting in higher fetal growth rates, and to be a state of relative fetal advantage in the evolution of maternal-offspring conflict. The extent of interdigitation between maternal and fetal tissues has received less attention than invasiveness but is also potentially important because it influences the surface area for exchange. We show that although increased placental invasiveness and interdigitation are both associated with shorter gestations, interdigitation is the key variable. Gestation times associated with highly interdigitated labyrinthine placentas are 44% of those associated with less interdigitated villous and trabecular placentas. There is, however, no relationship between placental traits and neonatal body and brain size. Hence, species with more interdigitated placentas produce neonates of similar body and brain size but in less than half the time. We suggest that the effects of placental interdigitation on growth rates and the way that these are traded off against gestation length may be promising avenues for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of parent-offspring conflict.
Input data and scenarios outputs of the Water Resources Research paper "Optimal economic spatial and temporal allocation of green and grey investment to address water security threats : Case Study - Velhas River Basin, Brazil"
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Flexibilization or biomethane upgrading? Investment preference of German biogas plant operators for the follow-up of guaranteed feed-in tariffs
<p><span>This dataset reports the results of a discrete choice experiment with 183 German biogas plant operators designed to elicit the respondents' plans for biogas utilization pathways after the end of guaranteed feed-in tariffs. Participants could choose between 'flexibilization' for demand-based electricity generation and conversion to biomethane upgrading for direct feed-in into the natural gas grid. A binomial logit model revealed a 37% probability of switching to biomethane upgrading. These plants are characterized by higher capacities, several involved shareholders, secured succession, costly digestate disposal and belonging to the upper performance quartile. Mixed logit estimations conducted separately for the two investment concepts revealed a very high overall willingness to invest: 71% for flexibilization and 82% for biomethane upgrading. The respondents demand a return on investment of 19% for flexibilization and 26% for biomethane upgrading. Within the flexibilization, twofold overbuilding (installed capacity equals 2 times the rated power) is clearly preferred to fivefold overbuilding. For the biomethane upgrading, private ownership of the upgrading plant is preferred to a joint investment in a central upgrading facility. Limiting the use of energy crops reduces the propensity to invest in both models, while a longer utilization period enhances it. The respondents consider lack of planning reliability as the biggest obstacle to invest, followed by long approval procedures and high investment costs due to restrictive legal requirements.</span></p>
STUDY OF INVESTMENT AWARENESS AMONG WORKING WOMEN IN BHOPAL
<p>Every women investor has a unique choice of investment option based on her awareness of investment option. Every investment option has its own benefit. This research paper is focusing on working women of Bhopal district. In Bhopal women are involved in various jobs like banks, educational institute, corporates art workers, farming etc. in fact now a day women are more involved in their own business. As we all know that role of women is changing now a days from a house wife to business women or entrepreneurs. Since the last 10 to 15 years, this situation has been changing. This study aims to focus on investment awareness and sources of information available to working women with special reference to Bhopal district, the study is based on female employees only who are working in government and private sector organizations. For the purpose of this study primary data collected through questionnaire method using convenient sampling technique with the sample size of 150 respondents of Bhopal district, data analysed with percentage method and Annova technique</p>
FINANCIAL LITERACY AND PATTERN OF SAVINGS, INVESTMENT BEHAVIOR OF WOMENTEACHING FACULTIES IN SAGAR REGION. AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT
<p>The drive of this research paper is to examine the study of women teaching <br>faculties financial literacy along with their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, which has <br>considered as the central role permitting people to sort accountable decisions as women’s strive<br>to reach financial happiness. Since, as we stand alone in a developing global financial system <br>in the world financial attentiveness and knowledge is very essential especially in case of <br>teaching women. The involvement of the teaching women in economy will pay to their <br>individual wellbeing as well as nation’s economic growth. Females are accountable for the<br>household budget, outlays, and reserves for the emergency fund and also revenue generation.<br>The empirical study evidenced that it has been exposed that teaching women’s are not much<br>familiar with the credit card ideology and compound interest rate calculations. Besides, it is <br>also discovered that most of the investors handpicked financial institutions for the reason that <br>of familiarity. Several financial misconducts and fraudulent activities are witnessing in the <br>society due to lack of financial literacy and proper financial information among the <br>individuals. Therefore, the drive of this study is to know the level of financial literacy and the <br>pattern savings, investment behaviour among women teaching faculties in sagar District.</p>
Investment in adult reproductive tissues is affected by larval growth conditions but not by evolution under poor larval growth conditions in Drosophila melanogaster
<p><span>In many insects, the larval environment is confined to the egg-laying site, which often leads to crowded larval conditions,</span><span> exposing the developing larvae to poor resource availability and toxic metabolic wastes. Larval crowding imposes two opposing selection pressures. On one hand, due to poor nutritional resources during developmental stages, adults from the crowded larval environment have reduced investment in reproductive tissues. On the other hand, a crowded larval environment acts as a cue for future reproductive competition inducing increased investment in reproductive tissues. Both these selection pressures are likely affected by the level of crowding. The evolutionary consequence of adaptation to larval crowding environment on adult reproductive investment is bound to be a result of the interaction of these two opposing forces. In this study, we used experimentally evolved populations of <i>Drosophila melanogaster </i>adapted to larval crowding to investigate the effect of adaptation to larval crowding on investment in reproductive organs (testes and accessory glands) of males. Our results show that there is a strong effect of larval developmental environment on absolute sizes of testes and accessory glands. However, there was no effect of the developmental environment when testis size was scaled by body size. We also found that flies from crowded cultures had smaller accessory gland sizes relative to body size. Moreover, the sizes of the reproductive organs were not affected by the selection histories of the populations. This study highlights that adaptation to two extremely different developmental environments does not affect the patterns of reproductive investment. We discuss the possibility that differential investment in reproductive tissues could be influenced by the mating dynamics and/or investment in larval survival traits, rather than just the developmental environment of the populations</span><span>.</span></p>
The developmental high-wire: Balancing resource investment in immunity and reproduction
<p>The strategic allocation of resources into immunity poses a unique challenge for individuals, where infection at different stages of development may result in unique trade-offs with concurrent physiological processes or future fitness-enhancing traits. Here, we experimentally induced an immune challenge in female <em>Gryllus firmus</em> crickets to test whether illness at discrete life stages differentially impacts fitness. We injected heat-killed <em>Serratia marcescens</em> bacteria into antepenultimate juveniles, penultimate juveniles, sexually-immature adults, and sexually-mature adults, and then measured body growth, instar duration, mating rate, viability of stored sperm, egg production, oviposition rate, and egg viability. Immune activation significantly impacted reproductive traits, where females that were immune-challenged as adults had decreased mating success and decreased egg viability compared to healthy individuals or females that were immune-challenged as juveniles. Although there was no effect of an immune challenge on the other traits measured, the stress of handling resulted in reduced mass gain and smaller adult body size in females from the juvenile treatments, and females in the adult treatments suffered from reduced viability of sperm stored within their spermatheca. In summary, we found that an immune challenge does have negative impacts on reproduction, but also that even minor acute stressors can have significant impacts on fitness-enhancing traits. These findings highlight that the factors affecting fitness can be complex and at times unpredictable, and that the consequences of illness are specific to when during an individual's life an immune-challenge is induced.</p>
Perception of dead conspecifics increases reproductive investment in fruit flies
<p><span>Adaptive plasticity in life-history traits is often critical to maximize fitness in the face of environmental heterogeneity. For example, many organisms respond to a threat to their survival (and hence residual reproductive value) by adaptively increasing their investment into current reproduction (i.e. "terminal investment"). </span></p> <p><span>A key to successful terminal investment is the use of adequate environmental cues to extrinsic mortality sources. In species that live at high population densities, the presence of dead conspecifics could potentially act as a reliable cue to extrinsic mortality sources (e.g. via pathogens).</span></p> <p><span>We experimentally tested this idea using the model organism <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, a pest species that experiences marked demographic shifts. We monitored the reproductive output of young mated females during repeated bouts of egg-laying in the presence (i.e. dead-exposed) or absence (i.e. controls) of dead conspecifics, interspersed by mating periods where dead conspecifics were always absent.</span></p> <p><span>Dead-exposed females produced more offspring than controls when in the presence of dead conspecifics but fewer offspring than controls when dead conspecifics were subsequently removed (i.e. during mating periods). These changes were repeatable across time, and are thus indicative of high plasticity in reproductive behaviour.</span></p> <p><span>Flies responded equally to starvation-induced and flash-frozen dead conspecifics, indicating that the cause of death is irrelevant to trigger the plastic response observed, and that females respond to the presence of dead conspecifics <em>per se</em>.</span></p> <p><span>Finally, we found that dead-exposed females produced heavier daughters (but not sons) than controls when in the presence of dead conspecifics, but not during mating periods (when dead conspecifics were absent). In this species body size correlates more strongly with female (than male) fitness, so higher investment in daughter weight is congruent with terminal investment. </span><span> </span></p> <p><span>Altogether, our results show that perception of dead conspecifics leads to highly plastic life-history adjustments in the form of increased investment in both the quantity and the quality of offspring. We discuss these results in the context of terminal investment and other alternative hypotheses. </span></p>
Financial literacy and its impact on insurance investment
<p>The research on financial literacy and its impact on fund investments in insurance products is done by surveying the citizens of Montenegro, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the first half of 2021, via Viber, e-mail and social networks. Survey respondents completed 3.238 questionnaires with correct answers.</p>
Influence of Nuclear Investment Costs and Baseload Demand on the Optimal Energy Mix
<p>Results from the study on "Influence of Nuclear Investment Costs and Baseload Demand on the Optimal Energy Mix".</p>
Effect of Project Management on Success of Mergers and Acquisitions of Companies in Rwanda: case of Investment Finance / Commercial Buildings Project of KCB and Rural Sector Support Project of BPR (2020-2023).
<h1><span><br></span></h1> <p><span>Background: the study aimed to assess the impact of project management on the success of mergers and acquisitions in Rwandan companies, focusing on the Investment Finance/Commercial Buildings project of KCB and the Rural Sector Support Project of BPR. The specific objectives included examining the effects of project timeline management, project budget management, project human resource management, project quality planning management, and project risk assessment on the success of mergers and acquisitions. <span> </span>Methods: The research utilized descriptive and correlative research designs, employing a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected from a population of 237 individuals, with a sample size of 149 selected through stratified and purposive sampling. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used for data processing and analysis, employing descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings: The correlation analysis revealed significant and positive relationships between the independent variables (X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5) and the dependent variable </span><span>(Y - success of mergers and acquisitions). Effective timeline management (X1) demonstrated a significant positive correlation (Pearson Correlation = 0.476), emphasizing its importance for project success. Project budget management (X2) also exhibited a significant positive correlation (Pearson Correlation = 0.583), highlighting the value of budget management. Efficient human resource management (X3) showed a significant positive correlation (Pearson Correlation = 0.522), underscoring the role of human resources in project success. Effective quality planning management (X4) displayed a significant positive correlation (Pearson Correlation = 0.621), emphasizing the importance of quality planning. Thorough project risk assessment (X5) had a significant positive correlation (Pearson Correlation = 0.671), stressing the role of risk assessment in achieving success. Conclusion: all independent variables (X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5) were found to be positively and significantly correlated with the success of merger and acquisition projects. These results underscore the crucial role of project management factors, including timeline management, budget management, human resource management, quality planning management, and risk assessment, in determining the success of mergers and acquisitions in Rwandan companies. Recommendations: Based on the findings, it is recommended that companies engaged in mergers and acquisitions in Rwanda prioritize effective project management strategies, focusing on timeline management, budget management, human resource management, quality planning management, and risk assessment. Implementing robust project management practices can enhance the likelihood of successful outcomes in the context of mergers and acquisitions. Additionally, organizations are encouraged to invest in training and development programs to build the necessary skills and competencies in project management for their personnel involved in such strategic initiatives.</span></p>
Dataset for "Understanding Climate Damages: Consumption versus Investment"
<p>Replication materials and dataset for "Understanding Climate Damages: Consumption versus Investment" By: Gregory Casey, Stephie Fried, and Matthew Gibson. Conditionally accepted at the European Economic Review.</p>
Replication package for: "{Maternal Investments in Children: The Role of Expected Effort and Returns}"
<div> <div> <div>This file provides the supplementary replication material of the article "Maternal Investments in Children: The Role of Expected Effort and Returns" by Bhalotra, Delavande, Font-Gilabert and Maselko.</div> <div>ChangeRemove</div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Males following a terminal investment strategy can fake their body odors to females, yet they cannot fake the odor of their microbiome
<p><span>Terminal investment and dishonesty are likely the only strategies by which sick males in our study could attract females to reproduce. We show that immunocompromised male yellow mealworm beetles (<em>Tenebrio molitor</em>) employing a terminal investment strategy can fake their bodily sex pheromones to females, yet they cannot fake the fecal odor of their microbiome. The results of this study have important methodological recommendations for future studies in the field of terminal investment strategy, showing the need to consider the role of sex odors and signals produced by the microbiome.</span></p>
Resourcing long-term care: A social investment approach
<p>This video explores decision-making for investments in long-term care.</p>
Transportation infrastructures in a low carbon world: An evaluation of investment needs and their determinants
<p>Output data from Fisch-Romito,V., Guivarch C., 2019, Transportation infrastructures in a low carbon world: An evaluation of investment needs and their determinants, Transportation Research Part D</p>
Dataset and results for paper: Predicting missing links in directed networks: An investment-profit index
<p>Dataset and raw results for paper: Predicting missing links in directed networks: An investment-profit index. File "All_indices_12_dataset.mat" contains results of all 9 indices in 12 datasets. File "IP_sigma_12_dataset.mat" contains AUC and precision values when parameter sigma changes in IP index.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.