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FIGURES 30‒34. Figulus trilobus Westwood. 30 in Revision of the Australian species of Figulus MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 30‒34. Figulus trilobus Westwood. 30, dorsal view of adult (scale bar: 5 mm); 31, mentum; 32, male genitalia, dorsal view (scale bar: 0.5 mm); 33, male genitalia, lateral view; 34, apex of flagellum (scale bar: 200 µm).

FIGURES 6‒7. Figulus boileaui Bomans. 6 in Revision of the Australian species of Figulus MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 6‒7. Figulus boileaui Bomans. 6, microreticulate surface of pronotal disc (scale bar: 100 µm); 7, detail of microreticulation (scale bar: 50 µm).

FIGURES 35‒36. Figulus trilobus Westwood. 35 in Revision of the Australian species of Figulus MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 35‒36. Figulus trilobus Westwood. 35, microreticulate surface of pronotal disc (scale bar: 100 µm); 36, detail of microreticulation (scale bar: 50 µm).

FIGURES 12‒15. Figulus nitens Waterhouse. 12 in Revision of the Australian species of Figulus MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 12‒15. Figulus nitens Waterhouse. 12, dorsal view of adult (scale bar: 5 mm); 13, mentum; 14, male genitalia, dorsal view (scale bar: 0.5 mm); 15, male genitalia, lateral view.

Figures 43–45. Neolucanus tao, types. 43–44. Aedeagus. 45. Female genitalia. 43, 45. Ventral view. 44 in Taxonomic notes on some species of Neolucanus Thomson (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from China

Figures 43–45. Neolucanus tao, types. 43–44. Aedeagus. 45. Female genitalia. 43, 45. Ventral view. 44. Lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 39–41. Spermatheca. 39 in Description of two new species of Lucanus Scopoli (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from southeastern Tibet, China

FIGURES 39–41. Spermatheca. 39—Lucanus imitator (Bomi, Tibet); 40—Lucanus singularis (Chayu, Tibet); 41—Lucanus cheni (Motuo, Tibet). Abbreviations: l, length of the non-curved part as shown in length of the double arrow. FIGURES 42–44. Central conjunction of the 9th tergites of female. 42—Lucanus imitator (Bomi, Tibet); 43—Lucanus singularis (Chayu, Tibet); 44—Lucanus cheni (Motuo, Tibet).

FIGURES 27–31 in Description of two new species of Lucanus Scopoli (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from southeastern Tibet, China

FIGURES 27–31. Penis in ventral view. 27—Lucanus langi (same specimen as in Fig. 8); 28—Lucanus langi (same specimen as in Fig.7); 29—Lucanus imitator (Bomi, Tibet); 30 —Lucanus imitator (Dongjiu, Tibet); 31—Lucanus singularis (Chayu, Tibet). Scale bars 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: b, end of basal belt of flagellum; w, width of one branch of the ventral sclerite in penis (showing difference between Lucanus langi and Lucanus imitator).

FIGURES 6–9 in Description of two new species of Lucanus Scopoli (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from southeastern Tibet, China

FIGURES 6–9. Lucanus langi habitus in dorsal view. 6—male holotype; 7, 8—male paratypes; 9—female paratype. FIGURES 10–13. Male head in dorsal or anterodorsal view to show clypeolabrum and details of mandibles. 10—Lucanus cheni holotype; 11—Lucanus langi paratype; 12—Lucanus langi paratype (same specimen as in Fig. 8); 13—Lucanus smithii (Kurseong, India, photo by A. Galant). Abbreviations: s, basal part of mandible swollen and serrate on inner margin; b, clypeolabrum bifurcate at tip; nb, clypeolabrum non-bifurcate; ns, basal part of mandible non-serrate and not swollen. FIGURES 14–15. Lucanus langi, part of habitus in ventral view. 14—male paratype (same specimen as in Fig. 7); 15—female paratype (same specimen as in Fig. 9).

FIGURES 274–292 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 274–292. Field observations of Chinese Ceruchus. 274 — habitat of Ceruchus yangi (Mount Leigongshan, 1856 m, 6 September 2009, by X.-D. Yang); 275 — a standing dead tree inhabited by Ceruchus yangi (by X.-D. Yang); 276–277 — newly emerged male adult of Ceruchus yangi in pupal cell; 278 — female adult of Ceruchus yangi found in white wood; 279–280 — habitat of Ceruchus katerinae (Hailuogou, Sichuan, 3100 m, 30 July 2006, by L. Tang); 281–283 — male of Ceruchus katerinae crawling on living stem of Abies tree (by L. Tang); 284 — habitat of Ceruchus niger (Mount Laojunshan, 3500 m, 13 June 2009, by J.-Q. Zhu); 285– 286 — fallen dead coniferous tree inhabited by Ceruchus niger (by J.-Q. Zhu); 287 — male adult of Ceruchus niger found in the powdery wood (by J.-Q. Zhu); 288 — habitat of Ceruchus minor (Zhouqu, 2340 m, 18 October 2009, by X.-D. Yang); 289–290 — a living broadleaf inhabited by Ceruchus minor (by X.-D. Yang); 291 — adult of Ceruchus minor found in white wood of the tree (by X.-D. Yang); 292 — newly emerged male adult of Ceruchus minor in white wood taken from the habitat at Diebu (by H. Huang).

FIGURES 259–273 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 259–273. Habitus of female Ceruchus in dorsal view. 259 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (Hokkaido, Japan); 260 — Ceruchus luojishanensis (paratype); 261 — Ceruchus tabanai (paratype); 262 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan, Guizhou); 263 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan, Guizhou); 264 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 265 — Ceruchus niger (Yulongxueshan, Yunnan); 266 — Ceruchus niger (Weixi, Yunnan); 267 — Ceruchus niger (Muli, Sichuan); 268 — Ceruchus deuvei (Lixian, Sichuan); 269 — Ceruchus minor (Dabashan, Chongqing); 270 — Ceruchus minor (Diebu, Gansu); 271 — Ceruchus minor (Micangshan, Sichuan); 272 — Ceruchus sinensis (Yaojiaping, Lushui, Yunnan); 273 — Ceruchus katerinae (Hailuogou, Sichuan). Scale bar 5 mm for all.

FIGURES 249–258 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 249–258. Habitus of male Ceruchus in dorsal view. 249 — Ceruchus minor (Pingheliangding, Qinling, Shaanxi); 250 — Ceruchus minor (Dabashan, Chongqing); 251 — Ceruchus minor (Dabashan, Chongqing); 252 —Ceruchus minor (Diebu, Gansu); 253 — Ceruchus katerinae (Hailuogou, Sichuan); 254 — Ceruchus niger (Weixi, Yunnan); 255 — Ceruchus minor (Micangshan, Sichuan); 256 — Ceruchus minor (Zhouqu, Gansu); 257 — Ceruchus luojishanensis (holotype); 258 — Ceruchus minor (Diebu, Gansu). Scale bar 5 mm for all.

FIGURE 232 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURE 232. Female genitalia of Ceruchus sinensis, Yaojiaping, Lushui (same specimen as Fig. 272) consisting of sclerotized part in both ventral and dorsal views at top, the last abdominal tergite and ventrite, and the whole female genitalia at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: sd = spermathecal duct; bc = bursa copulatrix; es = entrance of spermatheca; bsg = broken spermathecal gland.

FIGURES 233–248 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 233–248. Habitus of male Ceruchus in dorsal view. 233 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (Hokkaido, Japan); 234 — Ceruchus sinensis (Yaojiaping, Lushui, W. Yunnan); 235 — Ceruchus tabanai (holotype); 236 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan, Guizhou); 237 — Ceruchus yangi, holotype (Fanjingshan, Guizhou); 238 — Ceruchus sinensis (Baoshan, Yunnan); 239 — Ceruchus sinensis (Baoshan, Yunnan); 240 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 241 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan); 242 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan); 243 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 244 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 245 — Ceruchus niger (Yulongxueshan, Yunnan); 246 — Ceruchus niger (Yulongxueshan, Yunnan); 247 — Ceruchus niger (Weixi, Yunnan); 248 — Ceruchus niger (Muli, Sichuan). Scale bar 5 mm for all.

FIGURE 231 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURE 231. Female genitalia of Ceruchus yangi, Leigongshan (same specimen as Fig. 262) consisting of sclerotized part in both ventral and dorsal views at top, the last abdominal tergite and ventrite, and the whole female genitalia at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: mo median oviduct; ag accessory gland; sd spermathecal duct; s spermatheca; es entrance of spermatheca; sg = spermathecal gland.

FIGURE 230 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURE 230. Female genitalia of Ceruchus yangi, Fanjingshan (specimen not figured elsewhere) consisting of sclerotized part in both ventral and dorsal views at top, the last abdominal tergite and ventrite, and the whole female genitalia at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: ag accessory gland; sd spermathecal duct; bc bursa copulatrix; s spermatheca; es entrance of spermatheca; sg spermathecal gland.

FIGURE 229 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURE 229. Female genitalia of Ceruchus niger (same specimen as Fig. 264) consisting of sclerotized part in both ventral and dorsal views at top, the last abdominal tergite and ventrite, and the whole female genitalia at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: mo = median oviduct; ag = accessory gland; sd = spermathecal duct; bc = bursa copulatrix; s = spermatheca; es = entrance of spermatheca; sg = spermathecal gland.

FIGURE 228 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURE 228. Female genitalia of Ceruchus katerinae (same specimen as Fig. 273) consisting of sclerotized part in both ventral and dorsal views at top, the last abdominal tergite and ventrite, and the whole female genitalia at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: mo = median oviduct; ag = accessory gland; sd = spermathecal duct; bc = bursa copulatrix; s = spermatheca; es = entrance of spermatheca; sg = spermathecal gland.

FIGURES 132–139 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 132–139. Male genitalia of Ceruchus yangi, Holotype, Fanjingshan (same specimen as Fig. 237). 132 — Ninth abdominal segment in ventral view; 133 — Ninth abdominal segment in dorsal view; 134 — whole genitalia in ventral view; 135 — whole genitalia in dorsal view; 136 — whole genitalia in lateral view; 137 — penis detached in lateral view; 138 — penis detached in lateral view; 139 — penis detached in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: c = central split on caudal margin of basal piece of aedeagus; i = inner sclerite near the dorsal margin of the paramere; e = endophallus.

FIGURES 210–224 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 210–224. Detached structures of females, consisting of mandibles in dorsal view, mentum in ventral view, pronotum in dorsal view, protibia in dorsal view, and mesofemur in ventral view. 210 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (same specimen as Fig. 259); 211 — C. luojishanensis (paratype); 212 — C. tabanai (paratype); 213 — C. yangi (same specimen as Fig. 262); 214 — C. yangi (same specimen as Fig. 263); 215 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 264); 216 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 265); 217 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 266); 218 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 267); 219 — C. deuvei (same specimen as Fig. 268); 220 — C. minor (same specimen as Fig. 269); 221 — C. minor (same specimen as Fig. 270); 222 — C. minor (specimen not figured elsewhere); 223 — C. sinensis (same specimen as Fig. 272); 224 — C. katerinae (same specimen as Fig. 273). Abbreviations: md = mandibles; me = mentum; p = pronotum; pt = protibia; mf = mesofemur; l = lateral protuberance; n = no central tooth on mola; d = double central teeth on mola; s = single central tooth on mola; t = transversal carina; f = flattened marginal area of the pronotum.

FIGURES 186–193 in Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 186–193. Male genitalia of Ceruchus niger, Muli, Sichuan (same specimen as Fig. 248). 186 — Ninth abdominal segment in ventral view; 187 — Ninth abdominal segment in dorsal view; 188 — whole genitalia in ventral view; 189 — whole genitalia in dorsal view; 190 — whole genitalia in lateral view; 191 — penis detached in lateral view; 192 — penis detached in ventral view; 193 — penis detached in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm for all.