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527 results for “Mesozoic.”
Figure 3 in Feeding mechanics in Triassic stem-group sauropterygians: the anatomy of a successful invasion of Mesozoic seas
Figure 3. Hypothetical reconstruction of the jaw adductor musculature in Placodus gigas. A–D, Successively deeper layers of dissection. Abbreviations: amem, m. adductor mandibulae externus medialis; amep, m. adductor mandibulae externus profundus; ames-1b, 1b-portion of m. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis; amp, m. adductor mandibulae posterior; bo.ap, bodenaponeurosis; dm, depressor mandibulae; m.ps, m. pseudotemporalis; m.pt, m. pterygoideus.
Figure 12 in Feeding mechanics in Triassic stem-group sauropterygians: the anatomy of a successful invasion of Mesozoic seas
Figure 12. Hypothetical reconstruction of the jaw adductor musculature in Pistosaurus longaevus. A–C, Successively deeper layers of dissection. Abbreviations: amem, m. adductor mandibulae externus medialis; amep, m. adductor mandibulae externus profundus; ames-1b, 1b-portion of m. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis; amp, m. adductor mandibulae posterior; bo.ap, bodenaponeurosis; dm, depressor mandibulae; m.ps, m. pseudotemporalis; m.pt, m. pterygoideus; V2, maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve; V3, mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve.
Figure 2 in Feeding mechanics in Triassic stem-group sauropterygians: the anatomy of a successful invasion of Mesozoic seas
Figure 2. Schematic representation of the trigeminal jaw adductor musculature in extant reptiles (Iguana). A–C, Successively deeper layers of dissection. D, Schematic representation of a horizontal section through the left jaw adductor musculature compelx at the level of the exit of the trigeminal nerve from the braincase. Abbreviations: ame, m. adductor mandibulae externus; amem, m. adductor mandibulae externus medialis; amep, m. adductor mandibulae externus profundus; ames, m. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis; ami, m. adductor mandibulae internus; amp, m. adductor mandibulae posterior; bo.ap, bodenaponeurosis; cid, constrictor internus dorsralis group; lbw, lateral braincase wall; m.ps, m. pseudotemporalis; m.pt, m. pterygoideus; qap, quadrate aponeurosis; uta, upper temporal arch; V1, profundus branch of trigeminal nerve; V2, maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve; V3, mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve.
Figure 9 in Feeding mechanics in Triassic stem-group sauropterygians: the anatomy of a successful invasion of Mesozoic seas
Figure 9. Hypothetical reconstruction of the jaw adductor musculature in Nothosaurus mirabilis. A–D, Successively deeper layers of dissection. Abbreviations: amem, m. adductor mandibulae externus medialis; amep, m. adductor mandibulae externus profundus; ames-1b, 1b-portion of m. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis; amp, m. adductor mandibulae posterior; bo.ap, bodenaponeurosis; dm, depressor mandibulae; m.ps, m. pseudotemporalis; m.pt, m. pterygoideus; V2, maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve; V3, mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve.
Figure 10 in Feeding mechanics in Triassic stem-group sauropterygians: the anatomy of a successful invasion of Mesozoic seas
Figure 10. Hypothetical reconstruction of the jaw adductor musculature in Corosauruus alcovensis (skull reconstruction after Storrs, 1991 fig. 8). Superficial view of jaw addductor musculature. Abbreviations: amem, m. adductor mandibulae externus medialis; amep, m. adductor mandibulae externus profundus; ames-1b, 1b-portion of m. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis.
Figure 1 in Feeding mechanics in Triassic stem-group sauropterygians: the anatomy of a successful invasion of Mesozoic seas
Figure 1. The phylogenetic relationships of Triassic stem-group Sauropterygia (see text, and Rieppel, 2000a for further discussion).
Figure 8 in Feeding mechanics in Triassic stem-group sauropterygians: the anatomy of a successful invasion of Mesozoic seas
Figure 8. Hypothetical reconstruction of the jaw adductor musculature in Simosaurus gaillardoti. A–C, Successively deeper layers of dissection. Abbreviations: amem, m. adductor mandibulae externus medialis; amep, m. adductor mandibulae externus profundus; ames-1b, 1b-portion of m. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis; amp, m. adductor mandibulae posterior; bo.ap, bodenaponeurosis; dm, depressor mandibulae; m.ps, m. pseudotemporalis; m.pt, m. pterygoideus; V2, maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve; V3, mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve.
Figure 7 in Feeding mechanics in Triassic stem-group sauropterygians: the anatomy of a successful invasion of Mesozoic seas
Figure 7. Hypothetical reconstruction of the jaw adductor musculature in Neusticosaurus edwardsii. A–C, Successively deeper layers of dissection. Abbreviations: amem, m. adductor mandibulae externus medialis; amep, m. adductor mandibulae externus profundus; ames-1b, 1b-portion of m. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis; amp, m. adductor mandibulae posterior; bo.ap, bodenaponeurosis; dm, depressor mandibulae; m.ps, m. pseudotemporalis; m.pt, m. pterygoideus; V2, maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve; V3, mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve.
Figs. 113–119. Taxa excluded from the helophorid lineage. 113 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)
Figs. 113–119. Taxa excluded from the helophorid lineage. 113 – Helophoropsis brodiei (Giebel, 1856), holotype; 114 – 'Mesosperchus' angulatus Ponomarenko, 1985, holotype; 115 – 'Mesosperchus' notatus Ponomarenko, 1977, holotype; 116 – Tychon antiquum (Giebel, 1856), holotype; 117–118 – 'Mesosperchus' schultzi Ponomarenko, 1985, holotype, piece and counterpiece; 119 – Zetemenos sexlineatus Bode, 1953, holotype. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figs. 120–123 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)
Figs. 120–123. 'Mesohelophorus' mongolicus Ponomarenko, 1986 (120–121 – PIN 3152/4355, holotype, piece and counterpiece; 122–123 – PIN 3152/4312, paratype, piece and counterpiece). Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: ant – antenna; prp – prosternal process.
Figs. 89–93 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)
Figs. 89–93. Representatives of Helophorus, subgenus Mesohelophorus Ponomarenko, 1977 (89–90) and taxa excluded from the helophorid lineage (91–93). 89–90 – Helophorus palaeosibiricus nom. nov., PIN 3063/841, holotype, piece and counterpiece; 91 – Helophoropsis brodiei (Giebel, 1856), holotype. 92 – Tychon antiquum (Giebel, 1856). holotype. 93 – Zetemenos sexlineatus Bode, 1953, holotype. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Data from: How long does a brachiopod shell last on a seafloor? Modern mid-bathyal environments as taphonomic analogues of continental shelves prior to the Mesozoic Marine Revolution
<p class="MsoNormal">Carbonate skeletal remains are altered and disintegrate at yearly to decadal scales in present-day shallow-marine environments with intense bioerosion and dissolution. Present-day brachiopod death assemblages are invariably characterized by poor preservation on continental shelves, and abundant articulated shells of brachiopods with well-preserved brachidia are thus not expected to be preserved if not rapidly buried. However, such preservation is paradoxically observed in shallow-water Paleozoic and Mesozoic brachiopod assemblages. Here, we show that a bathyal death assemblage time-averaged to several millennia (Adriatic Sea) consists of sediment-filled articulated shells of <em>Gryphus</em> <em>vitreus</em> with complete brachidia. Postmortem age distributions indicate that disintegration half-lives exceed several centuries (~500-1,700 years). The high frequency of articulated but centuries-old shells (>50%) and the fitting of taphonomic models to postmortem ages indicate that disarticulation half-life is unusually long (~200 years). Rapid sediment filling of shells (1) inhibited disarticulation, loop fragmentation and colonization by coelobites and (2) induced precipitation of ferromanganese oxides at redox fronts within shells. Sediment-filled articulated shells, however, still resided at the sediment-water interface as indicated by encrusters and sponges that infested them after death. Sediment-filled shells disintegrated through bioerosion and wear when residence time in the taphonomically active zone exceeded ~2,000 years. We suggest that the articulation paradox is driven by the Mesozoic Marine Revolution (MMR) that escalated predation, bioturbation and organic matter recycling, all intensifying shell disintegration. A scenario with slow disarticulation in bathyal environments can be an analogue of conditions leading to preservation of articulated shells in shallow-water assemblages prior to the MMR.</p>
Spatial distribution of Mesozoic deposits and their temperature ranges within the Weser-Wiehengebirge Syncline of the inverted Lower Saxony Basin, Minden area, Germany
<p>This repository contains the supplementary material for the publication "Spatial distribution of Mesozoic deposits and their temperature ranges within the Weser-Wiehengebirge Syncline of the inverted Lower Saxony Basin, Minden area, Germany" by Alexander Jüstel, Olga Knaub, Frank Strozyk, Gregor Bussmann, Florian Wellmann, Peter Kukla. <br> </p>
Fig. 1 in Pollen eaters and pollen morphology: co-evolution through the Permian and Mesozoic
Fig. 1. Eucommiidites group pollen (Cryptosaccites pabularis Krassilov et Tekleva) in the gut compression of Ceroxyela dolichocera Rasnitsyn (Xyelidae, Hymenoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Baissa, Transbaikalia: (A) insect impression; (B) stereomicroscope view of the fore-gut with pollen grains; (C) pollen grains amassed at the hind end of the abdomen, (D) same, enlarged. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (B, C), 30 µm (D).
Fig. 2 in Pollen eaters and pollen morphology: co-evolution through the Permian and Mesozoic
Fig. 2. Pollen loads of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic insects: (A) Protohaploxypinus-type taeniate pollen from Sellardsiopsis conspicua G. Zalessky, Lower Permian Tchekarda locality; (B) Protohaploxypinus- type taeniate pollen from Parapsocidium uralicum G. Zalessky (Psocida), same locality; (C) Vittatina-type taeniate pollen from Sojanidelia floralis Rasnitsyn (Grylloblattida), same locality; (D) Lunatisporites-type taeniate pollen from Idelopsocus diradiatus Rasnitsyn, same locality; (E) Eucommiidites-group pollen (Cryptosaccites pabularis Krassilov et Tekleva) from Ceroxyela dolichocera Rasnitsyn (Xyelidae, Hymenoptera), Lower Cretaceous Baissa locality, Transbaikalia; (F) Classopollis-type rimulate pollen from Aboilus cf. dilutus Gorochov (Orthoptera, katydids), Upper Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan. Scale bars: 30 µm (A), 10 µm (B–F).
Data from: How long does a brachiopod shell last on a seafloor? Modern mid-bathyal environments as taphonomic analogues of continental shelves prior to the Mesozoic Marine Revolution
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High-precision body mass predictors for small mammals: A case study in the Mesozoic
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The Mesozoic terrane boundary beneath the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, and potential controls on geothermal system characteristics
<p>Full U-Pb detrital zircon age data collected on SHRIMP-RG at Australia National University and LA-ICP-MS at Otago University for manuscript 'The Mesozoic terrane boundary beneath the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, and potential controls on geothermal system characteristics'.</p>
Data from: Structural colours in diverse Mesozoic insects
Structural colours, nature's most pure and intense colours, originate when light is scattered via nanoscale modulations of the refractive index. Original colours in fossils illuminate the ecological interactions among extinct organisms and functional evolution of colours. Here we report multiple examples of vivid metallic colours in diverse insects from mid-Cretaceous amber. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed a smooth outer surface and five alternating electron-dense and electron-lucent layers in the epicuticle of a fossil wasp, suggesting that multilayer reflectors, the most common biophotonic nanostructure in animals and even plants, are responsible for the exceptional preservation of colour in amber fossils. Based on theoretical modeling of the reflectance spectra, a reflective peak of wavelength of 514 nm was calculated, corresponding to the bluish green colour observed under white light. The green to blue structural colours in fossil wasps, beetles, and a fly most likely functioned as camouflage, although other functions such as thermoregulation cannot be ruled out. This discovery not only provides critical evidence of evolution of structural colours in arthropods, but also sheds light on the preservation potential of nanostructures of ancient animals through geological time.
Evolution of ecospace occupancy by Mesozoic marine tetrapods
<p>Ecology and morphology are different, and yet in comparative studies of fossil vertebrates the two are often conflated. The macroevolution of Mesozoic marine tetrapods has been explored in terms of morphological disparity, but less commonly using ecological-functional categories. Here<b> </b>we use ecospace modelling to quantify ecological disparity across all Mesozoic marine tetrapods. We document the explosive radiation of marine tetrapod groups in the Triassic and their rapid attainment of high ecological disparity. Late Triassic extinctions led to a marked decline in ecological disparity, and the recovery of ecospace and ecological disparity was sluggish in the Early Jurassic. High levels of ecological disparity were again achieved by the Late Jurassic and maintained during the Cretaceous, when the ecospace became saturated by the Late Cretaceous. Sauropterygians, turtles and ichthyosauromorphs were the largest contributors to ecological disparity. Through the Mesozoic, we find that established groups remained ecologically conservative and did not explore occupied or vacant niches. Several parts of ecospace remained vacant for long spans of time. Newly evolved, radiating taxa almost exclusively explored unoccupied ecospace, suggesting that abiotic releases are needed to empty niches and initiate diversification. In the balance of evolutionary drivers in Mesozoic marine tetrapods, abiotic factors were key to initiating diversification events, but biotic factors dominated the subsequent generation of ecological diversity.</p>
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