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356 results for “PIE”
PIE LTER high marsh sediment chemistry and activity measurements, Nelson Island Creek marsh, Rowley, MA
Salt marsh sediment CHN, bulk density and gamma emission data from sediment cores are provided for calculation of high marsh sediment accumulation and accretion rates in sediments collected during the Fall of 2014 in the Nelson Island Creek marsh, off Stackyard Rd., Rowley, MA.
PIE LTER eddy flux measurements during 2014 from second high marsh site (Spartina patens/short Spartina alterniflora) Tall Tower off Nelson Island Creek, Rowley, Massachusetts
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a high marsh system (Spartina patens, short Spartina alterniflora) located on the Parker River Wildlife Refuge in marshes of Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The system is located near a higher elevation rock outcroppingprotected area which allows the tower set up to remain during the Winter as it is protected from ice flows. The data represents CO2 exchange for all 12 months of 2014.
PIE LTER year 2012, 5 minute and 15 minute measurements of conductivity, water temperature in a small headwater stream draining draining a mainly forested catchment (55% forest + 19% wetland), Cart Cr., Newbury, MA.
Year 2012, continuous measurements every 5 minutes during the first deployment and then 15 minutes for the remainder of the year, were made of conductivity, water temperature in Cart Creek, Newbury, MA, a small headwater stream draining a mainly forested catchment (55% forest + 19% wetland) in the Parker River watershed.
PIE LTER year 2013, 15 minute measurements of conductivity, water temperature in a small headwater stream draining draining a mainly forested catchment (55% forest + 19% wetland), Cart Cr., Newbury, MA.
Year 2013, continuous measurements every 15 minutes were made of conductivity, water temperature in Cart Creek, Newbury, MA, a small headwater stream draining a mainly forested catchment (55% forest + 19% wetland) in the Parker River watershed.
PIE LTER Land Cover (2005), Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts - Raster
This is a seven-category land-cover map of the Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts. The seven categories are: water, tidal flats and soils, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, trees, grass, impervious surface. These medium resolution true color images are considered the new "basemap" for the Commonwealth by MassGIS. The photography for the entire commonwealth was captured in April 2005 when deciduous trees were mostly bare and the ground was generally free of snow. Image type is 4-band (RGBN) natural color (Red, Green, Blue) and Near infrared in 8 bits (values ranging 0-255) per band format.
PIE LTER Land Cover (2013), Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts - Raster
This is a seven-category land-cover map of the Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts. The seven categories are: water, tidal flats and soils, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, trees, grass, impervious surface. These medium resolution true color images are considered the new "basemap" for the Commonwealth by MassGIS. The photography for the entire commonwealth was captured in April 2013 when deciduous trees were mostly bare and the ground was generally free of snow. Image type is 4-band (RGBN) natural color (Red, Green, Blue) and Near infrared in 8 bits (values ranging 0-255) per band format.
PIE LTER Water Network (2005), Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts - Vector
Fine scale DEM was generated by using Terrasolid’s TerraScan Lidar processing software, based on airborne LiDAR data collected on April 19th to 25th, 2005; then a toolbox ArcHydro in the software ArcGIS is used to extract stream network from the DEM data.
Data from: Shifts in hatch dates do not provide pied flycatchers with a rapid ontogenetic route to adjust offspring time schedules to climate change
1. Environments change rapidly, and it is unclear whether organisms with complex life-styles, such as avian migrants, are able to adjust sufficiently. For understanding human impacts on ecosystem functioning, it is crucial to understand how well, and by which mechanisms species are able to adapt. 2. To improve the understanding of migrants' ability to adjust their annual timing to climate change, we investigated ontogenetic hatch date effects on adult spring migration timing and female egg laying dates. We experimentally delayed hatch dates of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca by one week in three breeding seasons by delaying incubation onset. We investigate if natural and experimental (shifts in) hatch date affected timing of recruiting individuals up to at least three years after the manipulation. 3. Spring arrival dates were positively correlated to natural variation in hatch dates in three of the five years considered, but no such effects were found in egg laying. Experiments showed that delayed hatching resulted in delayed arrival and laying only in one-year old and not in older birds. These effects were mostly observed during one of the study years. 4. The discrepancy between experimental and natural hatch date effects indicate that a causal hatch date effect is not generally responsible for the correlation between hatch date and timing during adulthood. Instead, we propose that natural hatch date effects on spring arrival arise from genetic variation in migration schedules, while delays in hatching induced carry-over effects on arrival and laying dates in offspring (e.g. the experimental effect in 2010). Strong support for year-specific expression of hatch date and delay effects on time schedules imply that trait-variation can be easily obscured. The latter may explain the lack of hatch date effects on female egg laying. 5. Our results imply that plasticity in breeding phenology does not provide pied flycatchers with a non-genetic inheritance route to rapidly advance annual cycles. Instead, plasticity may rather masks (genetic) trait-variation for selection to act on, and thereby slow down micro-evolutionary adaptation to changing environments.
Data from: Elevated oxidative stress in pied flycatcher nestlings of eumelanic foster fathers under low rearing temperatures
Striking variation in melanin coloration within natural populations is likely due to the different fitness outcomes of alternative phenotypes in varying environmental conditions. There are two types of melanins. Eumelanins yield blackish hues, while pheomelanins yield reddish hues. The production of eumelanins requires low levels of glutathione (GSH), which is the most important intracellular antioxidant, while the production of pheomelanins requires high levels of GSH. We investigated the oxidative status of male pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) with different degrees of melanin coloration under different temperatures during the nestling period. Moreover, we assessed the oxidative status of offspring in relation to their biological or foster father's melanin coloration and ambient temperature. To separate offspring genotype effects and paternal effects in different temperatures, we used a partial cross-foster design. The temperature differently affected the oxidative status of differently colored male pied flycatchers and their foster offspring. When the weather was relatively cold, black males had higher glutathione S-transferase levels compared to brown males, indicating enhanced stress in black males. Foster offspring of black males had lower ratio between reduced and oxidized GSH followed by higher total amount of GSH than foster offspring of brown males. Thus, foster offspring of black males seem to suffer from oxidative stress under relatively cold weather compared to those of brown males, and vice versa under relatively warm weather. While differently colored males experienced changes in their oxidative status under different temperatures, the link between father melanin coloration and offspring oxidative stress appears to be environmentally induced.
Data from: Differentiation in neutral genes and a candidate gene in the pied flycatcher: using biological archives to track global climate change
Global climate change is one of the major driving forces for adaptive shifts in migration and breeding phenology and possibly impacts demographic changes if a species fails to adapt sufficiently. In Western Europe, pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) have insufficiently adapted their breeding phenology to the ongoing advance of food peaks within their breeding area and consequently suffered local population declines. We address the question whether this population decline led to a loss of genetic variation, using two neutral marker sets (mitochondrial control region and microsatellites), and one potentially selectively non-neutral marker (avian Clock gene). We report temporal changes in genetic diversity in extant populations and biological archives over more than a century, using samples from sites differing in the extent of climate change. Comparing genetic differentiation over this period revealed that only the recent Dutch population, which underwent population declines, showed slightly lower genetic variation than the historic Dutch population. As that loss of variation was only moderate and not observed in all markers, current gene flow across Western and Central European populations might have compensated local loss of variation over the last decades. A comparison of genetic differentiation in neutral loci versus the Clock gene locus provided evidence for stabilizing selection. Furthermore, in all genetic markers, we found a greater genetic differentiation in space than in time. This pattern suggests that local adaptation or historic processes might have a stronger effect on the population structure and genetic variation in the pied flycatcher than recent global climate changes.
Data from: Lifetime fitness and age-related female ornament signalling: evidence for survival and fecundity selection in the pied flycatcher
Ornaments displayed by females have often been denied evolutionary interest due to their frequently reduced expression relative to males, habitually attributed to a genetic correlation between the sexes. We estimated annual and lifetime reproductive success of female pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) and applied capture–mark–recapture models to analyse annual survival rates in relation to the patterns of expression (absence/presence) of an ornament displayed by all males and a fraction of females. Overall, the likelihood of expressing the ornament increased nonlinearly with female age and was due to within-individual variation, not to the selective appearance or disappearance of ornament-related expression of phenotypes in the population. Accordingly, expressing the forehead patch in a given year did not influence survival probability. However, those females expressing the ornament at early ages (1–2 years old) enjoyed survival advantages throughout lifetime. Although ornamented females had higher lifetime fecundity and fledging success, their yearly reproductive performance, in terms of fledging productivity, decreased as they aged so that, late in life, ornamented females reared fewer offspring than nonexpressing females of the same age. In addition, both strategies (expressing vs. not expressing the trait) returned similar fitness payoffs in terms of recruited offspring. Our results support the hypothesis that fecundity and survival selection are involved in the displaying of this 'male' ornament by females.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy of the European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca (Aves: Muscicapidae)
FIGURE 1. Map showing the approximate geographic distribution of the currently valid subspecies of F. hypoleuca (sensu del Hoyo et al. 2006) in their breeding grounds. The likely distribution of the population recognized as F. h. muscipeta by some authors is also indicated. It should be noted that the actual border between F. h. hypoleuca and F. h. tomensis is not clearly known; this is shown on the map by intergrading shades of grey.
Pied Geant Capitole Rome
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 2 in Lectotypes resolve the taxonomic entanglement of the Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas (Piciformes: Lybiidae) and Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus (Piciformes: Bucconidae)
FIGURE 2. Scan of page 43 in Boddaert (1783). As shown, the two boxes of text were evidently switched (likely by the typesetter), resulting in the application of the novel names Bucco leucomelas and Bucco tectus to the wrong Pl. Enl. figures. Except for the references in both boxes to Brisson's (1760) "Barbu", the text in the upper box matches the figure in Pl. Enl. 688- 2, and the text in the lower box matches the figure in Pl. Enl. 688-1. Image courtesy of Smithsonian Libraries and Biodiversity Heritage Library.
FIGURE 1 in Lectotypes resolve the taxonomic entanglement of the Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas (Piciformes: Lybiidae) and Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus (Piciformes: Bucconidae)
FIGURE 1. (Left) "Le Barbu de l'Isle de Luçon" from Sonnerat (1776, Pl. 34), which depicts an Acacia Pied Barbet that is a syntype of Bucco niger Gmelin, 1788. (Right) Pl. Enl. 688-1, which depicts (1) an Acacia Pied Barbet that is a syntype of Tricholaema leucomelas (Boddaert), a syntype of Bucco niger Gmelin, 1788, and the holotype of Bucco rufifrons Stephens, 1815; and (2) Pl. Enl. 688-2, which depicts a Pied Puffbird that is the holotype of Notharchus tectus (Boddaert) and B. melanoleuca Gmelin, 1788. Images courtesy of the New York Botanical Garden and Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Climate effects on the breeding ecology of pied flycatchers at the north of their range
<p>The file "Raw data.csv" contains all data used for the analyses of the article "The effects of four decades of climate change on the breeding ecology of an avian sentinel species across a 1500-km latitudinal gradient are stronger at high latitudes" (DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7459). This data was used to investigate the effect of climate warming on the breeding time and breeding success of European pied flycatchers breeding in Sweden during 1982-2017. The data set contains 29035 nest records and each row has information per nest on ringing date of nestlings, developmental stage of nestlings and estimates of hatching date, nestling age, and breeding success (measured as number of ringed chicks). It also contains geographical coordinates per nest and distance to the coast variables as well as environmental data for different biweekly periods before and up to ringing time (average and minimum temperature, precipitation and a measurement of vegetation greenness). The precise definition of all the variables can be found in the ReadMe file. The specific information on data collection, processing and statistical analyses is available in the corresponding article.</p>
On following pages: 147 Pied Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris superba); 148. Common Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris argentata); 149. Bibundi Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris egeria): 150. Abo Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris poensis); 151. Striped Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris alboguttata); 152. Beatrix's Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris beatrix); 163. Curry's Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris curryae); 154. Spotted Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris humeralis): 155. Blackish Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris atra); 156. Kenyan Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris kenyacola); 157. Doria's False Serotine (Hesperoptenus doriae): 158. Tickell's False Serotine (Hesperoptenus tickell); 159. Blanford's False Serotine (Hesperoptenus blanford): 160. Large False Serotine (Hesperoptenus tomesi); 161. Gaskell's False Serotine (Hesperoptenus gaskell): 162. Great Evening Bat (/a io); 163. Harlequin Bat (Scotomanes ornatus); 164. Riippell's Broad-nosed Bat (Scoteanax rueppelli); 165. Northern Broadnosed Bat (Scotorepens sanborni); 166. Little Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens greyi); 167. Inland Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens balstoni); 168. Eastern Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens orion): 169. Silverhaired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans). in Vespertilionidae
On following pages: 147 Pied Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris superba); 148. Common Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris argentata); 149. Bibundi Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris egeria): 150. Abo Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris poensis); 151. Striped Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris alboguttata); 152. Beatrix's Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris beatrix); 163. Curry's Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris curryae); 154. Spotted Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris humeralis): 155. Blackish Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris atra); 156. Kenyan Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris kenyacola); 157. Doria's False Serotine (Hesperoptenus doriae): 158. Tickell's False Serotine (Hesperoptenus tickell); 159. Blanford's False Serotine (Hesperoptenus blanford): 160. Large False Serotine (Hesperoptenus tomesi); 161. Gaskell's False Serotine (Hesperoptenus gaskell): 162. Great Evening Bat (/a io); 163. Harlequin Bat (Scotomanes ornatus); 164. Riippell's Broad-nosed Bat (Scoteanax rueppelli); 165. Northern Broadnosed Bat (Scotorepens sanborni); 166. Little Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens greyi); 167. Inland Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens balstoni); 168. Eastern Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens orion): 169. Silverhaired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans).
Figure 59 in Morphology-based cladistics splinters the century-old dichotomy of the pied harvestmen (Arachnida: Gonyleptoidea: Cosmetidae)
Figure 59. Roquettea andina, female holotype (SMF RII 5873/10). A, dorsal view. B, oblique view. C, original label. Photos courtesy Abel Pérez.
Figure 56 in Morphology-based cladistics splinters the century-old dichotomy of the pied harvestmen (Arachnida: Gonyleptoidea: Cosmetidae)
Figure 56. Gryne marmorata, female syntype (SMF RI 1076). A, dorsal view. B, latero dorsal view. C, original label. Photos courtesy Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha.
Figure 58 in Morphology-based cladistics splinters the century-old dichotomy of the pied harvestmen (Arachnida: Gonyleptoidea: Cosmetidae)
Figure 58. SEM images of some structures of Gryne orensis, male (MNRJ 1381). A, penis, dorsal view. B, same, lateral view. C, same, ventral view. D, left basichelicerite, dorsal view. E, left cheliceral hand, dorsal view. F, left pedipalpus, femur, mesal view. G, same, tibia and tarsus, ventral view. H, same, detail of tarsus, ventral view. Scale bars: 50 μm (A–C), 100 μm (D, H), 200 μm (E–G).
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