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831 results for “Partition”
Data for the article entitled: Linking sexual size dimorphism to trophic niche partitioning in a generalist predator
<p>Sexual size dimorphism is a common phenomenon in mammals, and researchers have been trying to demonstrate the evolutionary causes leading to sexual dimorphism. Two main hypotheses emerged: (i) the sexual selection hypothesis and (ii) the sexual competition hypothesis (also called resource partitioning hypothesis). Here, we attempted to link sexual dimorphism in fishers (Pekania pennanti (Erxleben, 1777)) with their fall diet using stable isotope profiling and body and skull measurements. We used the carcasses of 39 fishers which were caught in eastern Québec during fall 2014 by volunteer trappers as well as several potential prey items ranging from small rodents to cervids. We expected minimal niche overlap between sexes, as males should be able to exploit different prey species than females. We also expected to observe an effect of age class (adults vs. juveniles) on trophic niche. As expected, we found great evidence of sexual dimorphism in both body mass and skull measurements: males were heavier and longer than females and had a larger zygomatic and intracanine width and a longer skull. While proportions of prey in diet according to sex and age did not vary greatly, we found some evidence of niche partitioning using Layman's metrics. Indeed, females tended to have a less diversified and more similar diet compared to one another, whereas males showed more diversified and contrasted diets. Despite our limited sample size, our findings provide partial support to the sexual competition hypothesis, as the difference in body and skull size based on sex could have evolved to lessen intraspecific competition in fishers.</p>
Niche partitioning overrides interspecific competition to determine plant species distributions along a nutrient gradient
<p>Changes in some combination of niche availability, niche overlap and the strength of interspecific interactions are thought to drive changes in plant composition along resource gradients. However, because these processes are difficult to measure in the field, their relative importance in driving compositional change in plant communities remains unclear. In an Australian temperate grassland, we added seeds of three native and three exotic grasses to 1,875 experimental plots in a way that allowed us to simultaneously estimate niche availability, niche overlap and the strength of pairwise interspecific interactions along a gradient of nutrient availability, obtained by adding 0, 5 or 20 g/m<sup>2</sup> each of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium jointly to plots. Niche availability (the proportion of microsites suitable for establishment and growth) was generally low and did not vary in response to nutrient addition. Most species co-occurred along the nutrient gradient by partitioning the available niche space. Where species interacted due to niche overlap, the abundance of one species, the native <em>Chloris</em> <em>truncata</em>, was usually facilitated by other species, with each of the five other species increasing the niche availability to <em>C</em>. <em>truncata</em> under at least one nutrient treatment. <em>Chloris</em> <em>truncata</em> also competitively excluded two species from some but not all sites they could otherwise have occupied. These outcomes did not clearly differ across nutrient treatments. Our results show that fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in establishment microsites can enable species to co-occur via niche partitioning, and competitive exclusion is rare. This finding contributes to an emerging picture that niche partitioning is common and frequently a stronger influence on recruitment outcomes than interspecific competition. The importance of competition in structuring plant communities may be overestimated if recruitment processes are overlooked.</p>
PAX: Partition-Aware Autoscaling for the Cassandra NoSQL Database
<p>Apache Cassandra has emerged as one of the most widely adopted NoSQL databases. However, there is still a limited understanding on how to optimally operate Cassandra in the cloud using autoscaling methods, by which resources can be scaled up or down to reduce operational costs and meet service-level objectives (SLOs).</p> <p>To address this limitation, we present PAX, a partition-aware elastic resource management system for Apache Cassandra. PAX uses low-overhead query sampling and knowledge of the data-partitioning across the nodes to automatically adapt capacity in Cassandra clusters. Differently from existing autoscaling methods for Cassandra, which incur large acquisition times for new nodes, PAX exploits Cassandra's hinted handoff mechanism and a shared hints storage to minimize the time needed to acquire a node into the cluster.</p> <p>We propose a reactive and a proactive implementation of PAX and compare their performance against different workloads with varying intensities and item popularity distributions, finding that the proactive version significantly reduces SLO violations. </p>
Hairpin protein partitioning from the ER to Lipid Droplets involves major structural rearrangements
<div> <p>The project includes dataset from MD simulations and EPR measurements.</p> <p>Description of the MD simulation dataset:<br>-Data type: MD simulations of UBXD8 peptide at varying depths/conformations in POPC bilayer, POPC/Triolein:Cholesteryl oleate monolayer, and in Bilayer-Lipid droplet setup. <br>-Force fields: All-atom simulations were carried out using Charmm36 force field. The parameters for Triolein and Cholesteryl oleate are derived from Olarte et al., 2020 and were obtained from the corresponding authors of that publication. Coarse-grained simulations were carried out using Martini force field. <br>-Simulation Package: All simulations were carried out using GROMACS 2021 simulation package.<br>-File types: The uploaded files include structure files in PDB format, input parameter files (.mdp), topology (topol.top), and force field files.</p> </div> <div>Description of the EPR dataset:<br>- Data type: Experimental spectroscopic measurements, Easyspin simulation and analysis<br>- Files are with filename extensions: DSC, DAT<br>- Information on origin of the data:<br>- EPR spectroscopic measurements with filename extensions DSC and DTA.<br>- EPR spectroscopic simulation and analyses with filename extension m.<br>- EPR simulations were generated using Easyspin version 5.2.36 and Matlab version 23.2.0.2428915.<br>- X-band CW-EPR spectroscopic measurements were generated by EMX spectrometer equipped with ER4123D cavity produced by Bruker.</div>
Arsenic-poor fluids promote strong As partitioning into pyrite
<p>The data presented here includes all tabulated data contained in the manuscript draft entitled "Extreme As partitioning into pyrite from low-As fluids" by Martin Kutzschbach, Frederik Dunkel, Christof Kusebauch, Ferry Schiperski, Frederik Börner, Henrik Drake, and Manuel Keith and the associated supplementary material (in .pdf "_Data_repository_Kutzschbach_etal_2024")</p> <p>Additionally, it includes:</p> <p>-the location of all investigated transects across the pyrite rims (.png_files; name is the # of the experiment)</p> <p>- the location of all segments assigned to the core phase assemblage (.png files; name is the # of the experiment + _core)</p> <p>-The elemental distribution across the transects (.xlxs file "transet locations")</p> <p>-The input code for the PhreeqC calculation of As-speciation presented in Figure 5 (.pqi file)</p> <p>-All literature data used to construct Figure 8 (in .pdf "_Data_repository_Kutzschbach_etal_2024")</p> <p>-The detailed results of the modelling of As sequestration from fluids by formation of pyrite as a function of fluid volume and DAs (py/fluid) values presented in Figure 9 (in .pdf "_Data_repository_Kutzschbach_etal_2024")</p> <p>-This is the abstract of the manuscript draft:</p> <p>Pyrite is a ubiquitous sulfide mineral found in diverse geological settings and holds great significance in the formation of Au deposits as well as the safe utilization of groundwater due to its remarkable ability to incorporate substantial amounts of As. However, despite its importance, there remains a dearth of fundamental data on the partitioning of As between pyrite and fluid, which is key for accurately modeling the As distribution in these environments.</p> <p>Here, we present new insights into the partitioning behavior of As between pyrite and fluid at conditions that mimic natural fluid systems. Pyrite was synthesized by replacement of natural siderite in hydrothermal experiments at 200°C and pH 5 applying a wide range of fluid As concentrations, spanning from 0.001 to 100 µg/g. The As distribution and concentration in synthetic pyrite was analyzed by quantitative LA-ICP-MS mapping providing a high spatial resolution and sensitivity at 2-3 µm image pixel size at a detection limit of ~1 µg/g at the single pixel scale. Pyrite-fluid partition coefficients (D<sub>As</sub><sup>(py/fluid)</sup>) between synthetic pyrite and experimental fluid agree with previously published data for high fluid As concentrations of 1 µg/g to 100 µg/g (D<sub>As</sub> < 2000). However, at low As concentrations in the experimental fluid (<1 µg/g), a steep increase in the D<sub>As</sub><sup>(py/fluid)</sup> values of up to ~30,000 was detected, demonstrating even stronger As partitioning into pyrite. This previously unknown relation holds significant implications for natural fluid systems which frequently exhibit similar As concentrations. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of As mobility and scavenging, which in turn is important for understanding the formation and fingerprinting of mineral deposits as well as for secure utilization of groundwater resources.</p>
Partitioning of water and CO2 fluxes at NEON sites into soil and plant components: a five-year dataset for spatial and temporal analysis
<p>This dataset includes estimates of transpiration, evaporation, soil respiration, and plant net photosynthesis obtained using five partitioning approaches. Flux components are available at 47 NEON sites over a period of five years. Additional meteorological inputs and water-use efficiency data are also included.</p>
Changes in productivity partitioning induced by precipitation extremes increase inaccuracy of grassland carbon estimation
<p><span>The fraction of net primary productivity (NPP) allocated to belowground organs (<em>f</em><sub>BNPP</sub>) in grasslands is a critical parameter in global carbon cycle models; moreover, understanding the effect of precipitation changes on this parameter is vital to accurately estimating carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems. Here, by conducting both a precipitation gradient experiment (100–500 mm) and a long-term observational study (34 years) in the Inner Mongolia grassland, we showed that <em>f</em><sub>BNPP</sub> decreased linearly along the precipitation gradient from extreme drought to extreme wetness due to stronger responses in aboveground NPP (ANPP) to drought and wet conditions than those of BNPP. The linearly decreasing response pattern in <em>f</em><sub>BNPP</sub> should be incorporated into models that forecast carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems; failure to do so will lead to underestimation of the carbon </span><span>stock</span><span> in drought years and overestimation of the carbon </span><span>stock</span><span> in wet years in grasslands.</span></p>
Fig. 36 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 36. Holotype of Liophryne rubra, UPNG 9290.
Fig. 39 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 39. Holotype of Oxydactyla alpestris, AMNH A76584, SVL 22.7 mm.
Fig. 32 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 32. Holotype of Liophryne allisoni, AMNH A81221, SVL 21.9 mm.
Fig. 35 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 35. Holotype of Liophryne rubra, UPNG 9290, SVL 37.5 mm.
Fig. 27 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 27. Holotype of Austrochaperina parkeri, MCZ A89220, SVL 30.6 mm.
Fig. 22. Austrochaperina macrorhyncha, BPBM 13860, SVL 31.6 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 22. Austrochaperina macrorhyncha, BPBM 13860, SVL 31.6 mm.
Fig. 20 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 20. Austrochaperina hooglandi, holotype, AMNH A77597, SVL 40.1 mm.
Fig. 62 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 62. Changes of proportions relative to body size in five species, key numbers as in fig. 61.
Fig. 48 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 48. Distribution of Sphenophryne cornuta (spots) in New Guinea and Microbatrachus pusillus
Fig. 47. Sphenophryne cornuta, AMNH A83051, SVL 38.5 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 47. Sphenophryne cornuta, AMNH A83051, SVL 38.5 mm.
Fig. 19 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 19. Distribution of three species of Austrochaperina: A. archboldi (open circle), A. guttata
Fig. 18 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 18. Holotype of Austrochaperina guttata, MCZ A92812, SVL 42.8 mm.
Fig. 17. Austrochaperina gracilipes, AMNH A83072, SVL 18.0 in Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species
Fig. 17. Austrochaperina gracilipes, AMNH A83072, SVL 18.0 mm.
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