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391 results for “Roughness”
FIGURE 6 in Leucoraja elaineae sp. nov., a new rough skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae) from the Western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 6. Leucoraja wallacei, total dorsal coloration, not preserved, specimen not saved, discarded at sea. Scale bar: 5 cm. Photograph courtesy Robin Leslie ©
FIGURE 5 in Leucoraja elaineae sp. nov., a new rough skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae) from the Western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 5. Leucoraja elaineae sp. n., female holotype, SAIAB 13742, 318 mm TL, after preservation showing thorns at tail mid-length in a dorsal view, b lateral view. Photograph courtesy Marsha Englebrecht ©
FIGURE 3 in Leucoraja elaineae sp. nov., a new rough skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae) from the Western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 3. Leucoraja elaineae sp. n., female holotype, SAIAB 13742, 318 mm TL, after preservation showing oronasal region and tooth band. Photograph courtesy Marsha Englebrecht ©
FIGURE 2 in Leucoraja elaineae sp. nov., a new rough skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae) from the Western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 2. Leucoraja elaineae sp. n., female holotype, SAIAB 13742, 318 mm TL, after preservation showing snout, orbit, spiracle, and nuchal regions. Photograph courtesy Marsha Englebrecht ©
FIGURE 1 in Leucoraja elaineae sp. nov., a new rough skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae) from the Western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 1. Leucoraja elaineae sp. n., female holotype, SAIAB 13742, 318 mm TL, after preservation showing a total dorsal view, b total ventral view. Scale bar: 5 cm. Photograph courtesy Marsha Englebrecht ©
Phylogeography of the Rough Greensnake, Opheodrys aestivus (Squamata: Colubridae), using multilocus Sanger sequence and genomic ddRADseq data
<p>The Rough Greensnake, <i>Opheodrys aestivus,</i> is a moderately-sized, semi-arboreal snake broadly distributed throughout eastern North America. While numerous taxa with similar distributions have been shown to be comprised of multiple species, <i>O. aestivus</i> has yet to be examined in a detailed phylogeographic context. Here, we use Sanger-sequence data of one mitochondrial and three nuclear loci for samples from throughout the distribution of <i>O. aestivus</i> to elucidate phylogeographic patterns in this species. We combine this with ddRADseq data for a subset of samples to test patterns on a more genomically comprehensive scale. In both datasets, we find strong support for three deeply divergent clades within <i>O. aestivus</i>: peninsular Florida, central Texas, and a main clade comprising the rest of the distribution, with the Florida clade the earliest diverging lineage of the three. Estimates of divergence time suggest that the central Texas and main clades diverged approximately 1.34 million years ago (Mya), while the peninsular Florida clade diverged from other lineages approximately 2.94 Mya, and these lineages diverged from the sister taxon, <i>O. vernalis</i>, approximately 6.43 Mya.<i> </i>These results also suggest that the historically recognized Florida subspecies, <i>O. a. carinatus</i>, could be elevated to species status. While the divergence of peninsular Florida or central Texas populations is not unique among squamates, nor is low levels of divergence from the Atlantic coast to eastern Texas, this combination of patterns is unusual, and yields important insight into the biogeography of North American biota. Further, our approach helps illustrate how dense geographic sampling with limited genomic sequencing can be used as a guide for the selection of samples to test phylogeographic patterns comprehensively.</p>
Figure 1 in Molecular taxonomy and population structure of the rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae)
Figure 1. Sampling of Steno bredanensis for this study. Black circles, new control region sequences; white circles, sequences available in GenBank. The inset shows sampling localities in the South Western Atlantic (SW Atl). CS Pac, central southern Pacific; ET Pac, eastern tropical Pacific; Car, Caribbean; NW Pac, northwestern Pacific; Ind, Indian Ocean; CE, Ceará State; ES, Espírito Santo State; RJ, Rio de Janeiro State; RS, Rio Grande do Sul State; SC, Santa Catarina State.
Figure 2 in Molecular taxonomy and population structure of the rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae)
Figure 2. Median-joining network of Steno bredanensis mtDNA control region haplotypes (N = 112). Circle size is proportional to frequency. Branch length reflects molecular distance. CE, Ceará State; ES, Espírito Santo State; RJ, Rio de Janeiro State; RS, Rio Grande do Sul State; SC, Santa Catarina State.
Figure 5 in Molecular taxonomy and population structure of the rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae)
Figure 5. Intra- and interspecific genetic distances (Kimura two-parameter, K2P) in the cytochrome b sequences of delphinids, and the divergence between Steno bredanensis in the Atlantic and Pacific/Indian Oceans.
Figure 7 in Molecular taxonomy and population structure of the rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae)
Figure 7. Intra- and interspecific genetic distances (Kimura two-parameter, K2P) in the mitogenomes of delphinids, and the divergence between Steno bredanensis in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Figure 4 in Molecular taxonomy and population structure of the rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae)
Figure 4. Phylogenetic neighbour-joining (NJ) tree of delphinid cytochrome b sequences. Numbers above branches indicate bootstrap/posterior probability values>75% (NJ, Kimura two-parameter/Bayesian, Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano + gamma + invariant sites).
Figure 3 in Molecular taxonomy and population structure of the rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae)
Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree (neighbour-joining, Kimura two-parameter) showing the genetic divergence between sequences of the control region of the Atlantic (ES, Espírito Santo State; RJ, Rio de Janeiro State; SC, Santa Catarina State; RS, Rio Grande do Sul State) and other regions analysed (Pacific and Indian Oceans). Numbers at nodes correspond to bootstrap values>75% (10 000 replicates). CS Pac, central southern Pacific; ET Pac, eastern tropical Pacific; NW Pac, northwestern Pacific; CE, Ceará State; Sb, Steno bredanensis. MQ and BG are field codes for samples from RJ. The scale bar shows the length of branch that corresponds to a Kimura two-parameter distance of 0.005.
Measurement data for Condition assessment of cycle path roughness and evenness using a bicycle measurement trailer
<p>Dataset for measurements with the Bicycle Measurement Trailer (BMT) which form the basis for the article "Condition assessment of cycle path roughness and evenness using a bicycle measurement trailer"</p>
Data files for JGR paper "Quantifying the aerodynamic roughness length of snow" by Junfeng Liu et al.
<p>The files</p> <p>Fig.3 wind and pre.xlsx contains the wind speed and precipitation data at the August-one glacier from 23 August 2019 to 11 September 2020.</p> <p>Z0m Fig.4.xlsx shows the variation off three different methods derived z0m at monthly scale at the study site of August-one glacier. </p> <p>Fig.5 z0m of 3 methods.xlsx file contains the data used to generate the scatter plot of Fig. 5 of the paper.</p> <p>Fig.6 & 7 for H and LE.xlsx file contains the calculated LE and H based on the topographic z0m and meteorological observations. </p> <p>Fig.8 sublimation.xlsx contains the calculated sublimation vs. pan observed sublimation during the study period. </p> <p>Junfeng Liu</p> <p>liujfzyou@lzb.ac.cn</p> <p>January, 18 2023</p>
Micro computed tomography images of capillary actions in rough glass beads
<p>The present work investigates the effect of both surface roughness and particle morphology on the retention behaviour of granular materials. To study this, X-ray micro-computed tomography tests were performed on two types of spherical glass beads (i.e. smooth and rough) and two different sands (i.e. natural and roughened). Each sample was subjected to either drainage or soaking paths consisting in a multiphase ‘static’ flow of potassium iodine (KI) brine (wetting phase) and dry air (non-wetting phase). Tomograms were taken at different saturation states ranging from fully brine saturated to air dry conditions. </p>
Micro computed tomography images of capillary actions in rough sand
<p>The present work investigates the effect of both surface roughness and particle morphology on the retention behaviour of granular materials. To study this, X-ray micro-computed tomography tests were performed on two types of spherical glass beads (i.e. smooth and rough) and two different sands (i.e. natural and roughened). Each sample was subjected to either drainage or soaking paths consisting in a multiphase ‘static’ flow of potassium iodine (KI) brine (wetting phase) and dry air (non-wetting phase). Tomograms were taken at different saturation states ranging from fully brine saturated to air dry conditions. </p>
ISW encountered with rough shelf slope in experimental flume
<p>This dataset studies the breaking process of internal solitary waves on rough slopes by conducting laboratory internal wave flume experiments. High-resolution velocity and density field data were obtained by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Planer Laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). The breaking parameters and turbulent structure are analyzed, and the laws of water mixing and energy dissipation induced by internal solitary wave breaking under different roughness conditions are summarized. ‘SM’, ‘HM’, ‘CY’, ‘TR’, ‘CS’ stands for different rough bottom cases shown in Excel. The number '8' represents 8cm of collapse height.</p>
Data accompanying the paper "Improving the near-surface wind and turbulence at the edge of the orographic drag grey zone by tuning the roughness length"
<p>This repository contains outputs from simulations (with observations) launched with the ALARO-HR18 model utilizing the TOUCANS two-energy turbulence scheme and different roughness length configurations. The results are provided in three separate files, i.e., "acf_data.zip", "fluxes.zip", and "verif_data.zip".</p> <p>1) "acf_data.zip" contains four ASCII files with the name "acf_DATE_TYPE.txt", where DATE=YYYYMMDD and TYPE=mountain or flat. Each file includes the model data from surroundings of approx. 200 x 200 km around the chosen point (flat terrain or mountain), and provides data on longitude (LON), latitude (LAT), zonal wind (U-WIND), meridional wind (V-WIND) and wind speed (W). The data included in this file were used to compute the 2D spatial autocorrelation function for different cases and locations shown in Fig.3.</p> <p>2) "fluxes.zip" contains individual ASCII files with the name "FTYPE_EXP.txt", where FTYPE=uw_flux or vw_flux, and EXP is one of OBS, ORL, REF, EXP1, EXP2, EXP3 and EXP4. Each file contains turbulent momentum flux data at four vertical levels (5 m; UW005 and VW005, 60 m; UW060 and VW060; 100 m; UW100 and VW100 and 180 m; UW180 and VW180). The description of EXP is following:</p> <p>OBS; observed momentum fluxes from the Cabauw tower, the Netherlands, corresponding to five different cases, i.e., matching with 3D model simulations starting at 00 UTC on 6, 10 and 16th February 2020, as well as 16 and 25th August 2020. Each column corresponds to one vertical level, while the rows represent hourly values (up to +72 hours in advance), added case by case.</p> <p>ORL; predicted fluxes obtained with the old roughness length configuration described in the paper.</p> <p>REF; predicted fluxes obtained with the new roughness length (NRL) configuration as described in the paper and without tuning the vegetation roughness length (C1=0.25, C2=1.0, C3=6, FA=0 and OGWD scheme on).</p> <p>EXP1; is the same as REF but with C2=1.5.</p> <p>EXP2; is the same as REF but with C2=1.875.</p> <p>EXP3; is the same as REF but with C2=1.875 and C3=3.</p> <p>EXP4; is the same as REF but with C2=1.875 and C3=1.5.</p> <p>The data included in this file were used to prepare inputs to Table 2.</p> <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> The measurements taken at the Cabauw tower are under the care of "Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut" (KNMI). They are added to this repository only to confirm related results presented in the paper. For any personal use of these data, contact the responsible KNMI staff.</p> <p>3) "verif_data.zip" contains individual ASCII files used to validate the impact of various tunable parameters and final settings of the NRL configuration on 10-m wind, i.e., for preparation of Fig. 6-8. and Fig. 9-12. Individual ASCII files are named "WS_EXP_SDATE_ENDDATE_all", where:</p> <ul> <li>a) EXP is one of C1s, C1f, C2s, C2f, C3s, C3f, ORL, NRLs, NRLf, FAs, FAf, GWDon and GWDoff. "s" and "f" correspond to the starting and the final setup related to sensitivity studies performed in the paper (Fig. 6-8.) or starting and final version of the NRL configuration (Fig. 10-12). The results from FAs, FAf, GWDon and GWDoff are only briefly commented on within the paper but not shown.</li> <li>b) SDATE=YYYYMMDD (starting date of the validation period), and</li> <li>c) EDATE=YYYYMMDD (ending date of the validation period).</li> </ul> <p>Each ASCII file contains the following fields (column-wise): SYNOP number of station (location; for explanation cf. "synop_list.txt"), latitude (lat), longitude (lon), altitude of the station (h), date to which data refers to (date), forecast lead time to which data refers to (lead time), predicted 10-m wind (fcst) and measured 10-m wind (obs).</p> <p><strong>CAUTION:</strong> Be aware that all times are given in UTC and that they are consistently used where predicted and observed data are used.</p> <p>In case you have any questions, contact the corresponding author.</p>
Experimental and Clinical Investigation of the Implant Surface Roughness Reduction Effect on Early-stage Fibrosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05648929. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Microbial Adherence, Surface Roughness, Effectiveness and Impact on Patients Between Conventional and 3D Printed Twin Block Appliances
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06944860. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 11.
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