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234 results for “Salt marshes”
Global Salt Marsh Change, 2000-2019
This dataset provides global salt marsh change, including loss and gain for five-year periods from 2000-2019. Loss and gain at a 30 m spatial resolution were estimated with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) anomaly algorithm using Landsat 5, 7, and 8 collections within the known extent of salt marshes. The data are provided in cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format.
Aboveground Biomass Estimates for Salt Marsh for the Contiguous United States, 2020
This dataset provides estimates of aboveground biomass (AGB) and salt marsh extent in the contiguous United States for 2020 and includes all coastal watersheds across the contiguous United States at 10-m resolution. Estimates were generated by XGBoost machine learning regression. Salt marsh extent was classified using an ensemble of XGBoost, random forests, and support vector machines, trained with salt marsh location identified with the National Wetland Inventory (NWI). The data are organized by Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 6-digit basin. Within each HUC, the spatial extent of salt marsh and its uncertainty were estimated by machine learning and input data from NWI maps, the National Elevation Dataset, along with Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery. Estimates were compared to in situ biomass data from salt marshes in Georgia and Massachusetts. The data are provided in cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format.
Community composition of nitrous oxide related genes and their relationship to nitrogen cycling rates in salt marsh sediments
GEO Series GSE108888. synthetic construct; uncultured bacterium; sediment metagenome. 64 samples. Type: Other.
Data from: Top-down control of carbon sequestration: grazing affects microbial structure and function in salt marsh soils
Tidal wetlands have been increasingly recognized as long-term carbon sinks in recent years. Work on carbon sequestration and decomposition processes in tidal wetlands focused so far mainly on effects of global-change factors such as sea-level rise and increasing temperatures. However, little is known about effects of land use, such as livestock grazing, on organic matter decomposition and ultimately carbon sequestration. The present work aims at understanding the mechanisms by which large herbivores can affect organic matter decomposition in tidal wetlands. This was achieved by studying both direct animal-microbe interactions and indirect animal-plant-microbe interactions in grazed and ungrazed areas of two long-term experimental field sites at the German North Sea coast. We assessed bacterial and fungal gene abundance using quantitative PCR, as well as the activity of microbial exo-enzymes by conducting fluorometric assays. We demonstrate that grazing can have a profound impact on the microbial community structure of tidal wetland soils, by consistently increasing the fungi-to-bacteria ratio by 38-42%, and therefore potentially exerts important control over carbon turnover and sequestration. The observed shift in the microbial community was primarily driven by organic matter source, with higher contributions of recalcitrant autochthonous (terrestrial) vs. easily degradable allochthonous (marine) sources in grazed areas favoring relative fungal abundance. We propose a novel and indirect form of animal-plant-microbe interaction: top-down control of aboveground vegetation structure determines the capacity of allochthonous organic matter trapping during flooding and thus the structure of the microbial community. Furthermore, our data provide the first evidence that grazing slows down microbial exo-enzyme activity and thus decomposition through changes in soil redox chemistry. Activities of enzymes involved in C cycling were reduced by 28-40%, while activities of enzymes involved in N cycling were not consistently affected by grazing. It remains unclear if this is a trampling-driven direct grazing effect, as hypothesized in earlier studies, or if the effect on redox chemistry is plant mediated and thus indirect. This study improves our process-level understanding of how grazing can affect the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of semi-terrestrial ecosystems that may help explain and predict differences in C turnover and sequestration rates between grazed and ungrazed systems.
Data from: Water salinity and inundation control soil carbon decomposition during salt marsh restoration: an incubation experiment
Coastal wetlands are a significant carbon (C) sink since they store carbon in anoxic soils. This ecosystem service is impacted by hydrologic alteration and management of these ecosystems. Efforts to restore tidal flow to former salt marshes has increased in recent decades, and is generally associated with alteration of water inundation levels and salinity. This study examined the effect of water level and salinity changes on soil organic matter decomposition during a 60-day incubation period. Intact soil cores from impounded freshwater marsh and salt marsh were incubated after addition of either seawater or fresh water under flooded and drained water levels. Elevating freshwater marsh salinity to 6 to 9 ppt enhanced CO2 emission by 50% -80% and most typically decreased CH4 emissions, whereas, decreasing the salinity from 26 ppt to 19 ppt in salt marsh soils had no effect on CO2 or CH4 fluxes. The effect from altering water levels was more pronounced with drained soil cores emitting ~10-fold more CO2 than the flooded treatment in both marsh sediments. Draining soil cores also increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Stable carbon isotope analysis of CO2 generated during the incubations of freshwater marsh cores in drained soils demonstrates that relict peat OC that accumulated when the marsh was saline was preferentially oxidized when seawater was introduced. This study suggests that restoration of tidal flow that raises the water level from drained conditions would decrease aerobic decomposition and enhance C sequestration. It is also possible that the restoration increase soil C decomposition of deeper deposits by anaerobic oxidation, however this impact would be minimal compared to lower emissions expected due to the return of flooding conditions.
Salt-marsh topography and sedimentation data
<p><span lang="EN-US">This study was funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU, in the framework of the iNEST - Interconnected Nord-Est Innovation Ecosystem (iNEST ECS00000043 - CUP C43C22000340006</span><span lang="EN-US">). The views and opinions expressed are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union, nor can the European Union be held responsible for them. The dataset was developed as part of the activities carried out by Spoke 8, Research Topic 1 (Biology of hydrosphere ecosystems), Task S8_RT1.1 (Digital Databases for Innovation in Biodiversity and Water Quality Assessment)</span></p>
Data from: Top-down control of carbon sequestration: grazing affects microbial structure and function in salt marsh soils
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Water salinity and inundation control soil carbon decomposition during salt marsh restoration: an incubation experiment
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURES 32–34 in Two new species of Tryblionella W. SMITH (Bacillariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a southern Brazil salt marsh
FIGURES 32–34. Tryblionella ornata sp. nov. in SEM. 32, 33. General external valve view. 34. General internal valve view. Scale bars = 10 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Haslea sigma (Naviculaceae, Bacillariophyta) a new sigmoid benthic species from salt marshes of Southern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Location of Pólvora Island (PI) in salt marshes at Patos Lagoon estuary, Southern Brazil. Modified from COSTA (1998).
FIGURES 2–23 in Haslea sigma (Naviculaceae, Bacillariophyta) a new sigmoid benthic species from salt marshes of Southern Brazil
FIGURES 2–23. LM: Haslea sigma sp. nov.. Figs. 2–8. Live material under DIC. Cells in valve view showing two apically elongated chloroplasts (in valvar view) with pyrenoids axially located (arrow). Figs. 9–16. Acid cleaned valves in DIC. Figs. 17–23. Acid cleaned valves in brightfield. Fig. 12. Holotype. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Transcriptomic changes following hybridization and allopolyploidy in two salt marsh species
GEO Series GSE18961. Oryza sativa Japonica Group; Sporobolus maritimus; Sporobolus alterniflorus; Sporobolus anglicus; Sporobolus x townsendii. 20 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Salt marsh fairy circles are directional ellipses rather than circles
<p><span>A dataset of 3,544 distinct fairy circles, complete with images and their attributes. Moreover, we determined the aspect ratio as the minor axis length divided by the major axis length, and the areas of equivalent axis-length ellipses and equal perimeter circles.</span></p>
Datasets and R code for Liu et al. A global meta-analysis on the drivers of salt marsh planting success and implications for ecosystem services
<p>Planting has been widely adopted to battle the loss of salt marshes and to establish living shorelines. However, the drivers of success in salt marsh planting and their ecological effects are poorly understood at the global scale. Here, we assemble a global database, encompassing 22,074 observations reported in 210 studies, to examine the drivers and impacts of salt marsh planting. We show that, on average, 53% of plantings survived globally, and plant survival and growth can be enhanced by careful design of sites, species selection, and novel planted technologies. Planting enhances shoreline protection, primary productivity, soil carbon storage, biodiversity conservation and fishery production (effect sizes = 0.61, 1.55, 0.21, 0.10 and 1.01, respectively), compared with degraded wetlands. However, the ecosystem services of planted marshes, except for shoreline protection, have not yet fully recovered compared with natural wetlands (effect size = -0.25, 95% CI -0.29, -0.22). Fortunately, the levels of most ecological functions related to climate change mitigation and biodiversity increase with plantation age when compared with natural wetlands, and achieve equivalence to natural wetlands after 5-25 years. Overall, our results suggest that salt marsh planting could be used as a strategy to enhance shoreline protection, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.