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FIG. 6. — Acanthocephala brunnea n in Description of eight new species of the genus Acanthocephala Laporte, 1833 from South America (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Acanthocephalinae)

FIG. 6. — Acanthocephala brunnea n. sp.: A, pronotum, detail of humeral angles and triangular processes; B, metathoracic gland and evaporative area; C, female metafemur; D, female metatibia; E, abdominal tergites in dorsal view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 0.5 mm; C-E, 5 mm.

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FIG. 14. — Acanthocephala flaviantennata n in Description of eight new species of the genus Acanthocephala Laporte, 1833 from South America (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Acanthocephalinae)

FIG. 14. — Acanthocephala flaviantennata n. sp., female genitalia: A, pregenital and genital segments; B, first gonocoxa and gonapophysis; C, second gonocoxa and gonapophysis; D, spermatheca. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C, D, 0.5 mm.

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FIG. 18. — Acanthocephala macrotuberculata n in Description of eight new species of the genus Acanthocephala Laporte, 1833 from South America (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Acanthocephalinae)

FIG. 18. — Acanthocephala macrotuberculata n. sp., female holotype: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, head, dorsal view; D, head, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 10 mm; C, D, 1 mm.

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Figure 1 in A historical Australasian Shoveler Spatula rhynchotis specimen from southern South America

Figure 1 (above). Specimen of breeding-plumaged male Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis in lateral, dorsal and ventral views, deposited at Museu Nacional (MN 19034), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and labelled as having been collected in Entre Ríos province, Argentina (Marco A. Crozariol) Figure 2 (left). Specimen labels, showing the earlier erroneous identifications of 'Anas cayennen[sis]' and 'Anas platalea'. The green label displays the specimen's catalogue number at Museu Nacional (MN 19034). (Marco A. Crozariol)

Fig. 9 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 9. Palaeogeographic map for the Tremadocian, with the location of latest Cambrian and earliest Tremadocian cephalopods (simplified from Cocks and Torsvik 2021). Abbreviations: AAC, Arctic-Alaska Chukotka; AN, Annamia; ATA, Armorican Terrane Assemblage; AV, Avalonia; BC, Boshchekul- Chingiz; CU, Cuyania; F, Florida; K, Kara; K-O, Kolyma-Omolon; NT, North Tien Shan (including Ch-Ili); PA, Palaeo-Adria; SK, Stepnyak, Selety, and Kokchetav; T, Tarim.

Fig. 3 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 3. Polished sections of samples from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina, showing the random orientation of the conchs of Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. A. CEGH-UNC 27489, showing diagonal and transverse views of specimens. B. CEGH-UNC 27491. B1, several cephalopods tangentially cut, and fragments of shell material. B2, some almost transverse and oblique sections of cephalopods and a variety of undetermined shell material. B3, transverse and sagittal cuts of cephalopods and a variety of randomly oriented shell material. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 2. A in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 2. A. Map of South America showing the main Paleozoic geological provinces of NW Argentina. B. Map of the study area (Jujuy Province, Argentina). The satellite image from Google Earth. QA, Quebrada de Arenal (-23.474677, -65.337646); QY, Quebrada de Yacoraite (-23.3321972, -65.457527). C. General view of the outcrop where the specimens were collected along the Quebrada de Arenal. This interval is characterized by sandstone interbedded with a general interval of siltstone. D. Regional biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy correlated with the map intervals used. Modified and updated from Balseiro and Waisfeld (2013) and Vaucher et al. (2020). R. f. anglica, Rhabdinopora flabelliformis anglica. E. Stratigraphic section of the Quebrada de Arenal with the main facies assemblages (FA) that defined the section. Modified from Vaucher et al. (2020). The position where the samples were collected is indicated and belongs to Kainella merdionalis Trilobite Biozon. Til., Tilcara Member; R., Ruspaca Member; K. t., Kainella teiichii.

Fig. 1 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 1. Cambrian and early Tremadocian cephalopod records from different localities within the paleotropical belt (compiled from literature).Abbreviations: Fm., formation; Mb., Member.

Fig. 6 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 6. Ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. (paratype CEGH-UNC 27495a) from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A1, external lateral (slightly oblique) view of the coated specimen; A2, longitudinal micro-CT section; A3, detail of the apical part and adjacent chambers viewed in the micro-CT scan.

Fig. 5 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 5. Ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A. CEGH-UNC 27494a in lateral view (coated with ammonium chloride A1, without coating A2), intermediate view between lateral and dorsal (A3). Note the sutural lateral lobes and the bent apical part of the conch. B. CEGH-UNC 27494c in dorsal view. Note the specimen is crossed by a fracture in the rock that was fixed. C. CEGH-UNC 27501 in dorsal view with the apical part rather deformed. D. CEGHUNC 27496a in dorsal view. E. CEGH-UNC 27496c in dorsal view, partially broken externally. F. CEGH-UNC 27491b in dorsal view, with shell wall. G. CEGH-UNC 27491c in external view, showing the growth lines. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 4 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 4. Virtual reconstruction of the ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. from the lower Tremadocian, Lower Ordovician of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina based on composite data of the CT scan analysis of sample CEGH-UNC 27495 (three specimens), in dorsal (A1) and lateral (A2) views.

Fig. 7 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 7. Polished sections with different orientations of the ellesmeroceratid cephalopod Ellesmeroceras humahuacaensis sp. nov. from the lower Tremadocian (Ordovician) of Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A. CEGH-UNC 27489a, sagittal and somewhat oblique cut showing part of the siphuncle, the living chamber and the camerae. B. CEGH-UNC 27489b, sagittal and oblique cut of part of phragmocone showing septal necks. C. CEGH-UNC 27489c, sagittal and oblique cut of part of phragmocone broken apically showing cameral depth. D. CEGH-UNC 27489d, oblique cut of a fragment of conch with some broken septa and part of the siphuncle visible apically. E. CEGH-UNC 27489e, oblique cut of part of a conch in which the siphuncle is partially visible. F. CEGH-UNC 24784a, nearly longitudinal cut showing the siphuncle with septal necks and connecting rings. G. CEGH-UNC 24784b, detail of siphuncle in an oblique section. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 8 in Early Tremadocian cephalopods from Santa Rosita Formation in NW Argentina: the oldest record for South America

Fig. 8. Early Tremadocian (Ordovician) cephalopods from Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, Argentina. A. Ellesmeroceratid Ellesmeroceras sp. (CEGH-UNC 27496b) in oblique-lateral (A1) and oblique-ventral (A2) view of the uncoated specimen, and oblique-lateral view of the coated specimen (A3). Arrow points to the siphuncle. Note the sinuosity of the suture lines. B. Bassleroceratid Bassleroceras? sp. (CEGH-UNC 27497) in lateral view (B1, B2) showing exogastric curvature, low expansion rate, and external siphuncle, in apical view of the apicalmost septum preserved (B3, B4), showing the slightly compressed shape and the siphuncle position. Photographs (B1, B3) and schematic drawings (B2, B4) Scale bars: A, 5 mm, B1, B2, 2 mm; B3, B4, 1 mm. discarded order Bassleroceratida (Evans 2011: 22, and dis- 3.2 mm correspond to part of the living chamber and 4.1 cussion and references therein). We followed here the pro- mm to part of the phragmocone. It has an oral dorsoventral posal by Pohle et al. (2022), in which the family is located diameter of ca. 3 mm, an apical dorsoventral diameter of c within the subclass but not included in any particular or- 2.6 mm, and an apical lateral diameter of ca. 2.1 mm. The der, although Kröger and Pohle (2021) included the family cross-section is slightly compressed (0.8), and the siphuncle within Ellesmerocerida. See Evans (2011) for further discus- is rather large, ventral and marginal (Fig. 8B), with a diamesion about the family Bassleroceratidae. ter 34 % of that the conch diameter. The chambers are very short, ca. 0.3 mm long (Fig. 8B1). There are 10 chambers in Genus Bassleroceras Ulrich and Foerste, 1935 a length equivalent to the conch diameter, i.e., an RCL of 0.1. Type species: Orthoceras perseus Billings, 1865, from the St. Armand At 2.3°, the expansion rate is very low. CEGH-UNC 27480a Limestone, near Phillipsburg, Missisquoi County, Quebec, Canada. is a 7.4 mm long fragment of a slightly exogastric conch, of Tremadocian, Lower Ordovician. which 4 mm corresponds to part of the living chamber and Bassleroceras? sp. 3.4 mm to the phragmocone. Adapically, the dorsoventral diameter is ca. 3 mm, and the siphuncle is 1 mm wide, or Fig. 8B. 33% of that the conch diameter. The chambers are 0.3 mm Material.—CEGH-UNC 27497 and 27480a, from the Alfa- long, indicating an RCL of 0.08. The SCI is 0.16. rcito Member, Santa Rosita Formation, lower Tremadocian, Remarks.—The slightly exogastric curvature of these spec- Lower Ordovician, Quebrada de Arenal, Trancas section, imens, along with the very low expansion rate of the conch, Jujuy, Argentina. suggests that they can be assigned to the Basslerocertidae. Description.—CEGH-UNC 27497 is a 7.3 mm long frag- We would need more material in order to investigate interment of a slightly exogastrically curved conch, of which nal structures and determine more precisely the taxonomic

Figure 3 in Cenozoic dinosaurs in South America - revisited

Figure 3. Size comparison of the two known snouts of Barinasuchus arveloi with skulls of another large sebecosuchian (Bretesuchus bonapartei), Crocodylus, and selected carnivorous mammals. The white portion of the image of Bretesuchus is intended to indicate the amount of the skull known, not the actual form of the missing portion of the skull. The skull of Crocodylus is scaled to the size of the largest known skull of Crocodylus porosus according to Greer (1974). (Barinasuchus from Paolillo and Linares, 2007, and Buffetaut and Hoffstetter, 1977; Bretesuchus modified from Gasparini et al., 1993; Crocodylus modified from Schumacher, 1973; Andrewsarchus from Osborn, 1924; U. arctos from Allen, 1902; P. spelaea from Gromova et al., 1964; Smilodon from Scheele, 1955.)

Figure 4 in Cenozoic dinosaurs in South America - revisited

Figure 4. Size comparison of Barinasuchus (here represented by the silhouette of Stratiotosuchus) with contemporaneous large South American mammals.These particular mammalian taxa are Patagonian, and may not have lived in the same region as the northern South AmericanBarinasuchus.

Figure 2 in Cenozoic dinosaurs in South America - revisited

Figure 2. Size comparison of Barinasuchus and Daspletosaurus (CMN 8506). The silhouette representing Barinasuchus is that of Stratiotosuchus appropriately enlarged, the actual size of Stratiotosuchus is indicated at lower right. (Daspletosaurus skeleton from Russell,1970;Stratiotosuchus skeleton modified from Riff et al., 2012.)

Figure 1 in Cenozoic dinosaurs in South America - revisited

Figure 1. Size comparison of the snout of Barinasuchus with the skull of Daspletosaurus: a, skull of Daspletosaurus torosus (CMN 8506); b, snout and left dentary of the largest known specimen of Barinasuchus arveloi (MAAT-0260) with measurements; c, snout of B. arveloi superimposed over the outline of the skull of Baurusuchus pachecoi (DGM 299-R), to estimate the length of the Barinasuchus skull. (a, modified from Russell, 1970; b, from Paolillo and Linares, 2007; B. pachecoi from Carvalho et al., 2005.)

Figure 5 in Cenozoic dinosaurs in South America - revisited

Figure 5. Sebecosuchians (or maybe sebecids) did not seem to notice the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinctions. Modified from cartoon by Michael Ramus in Jepsen, 1964: reprinted by permission of American Scientist, magazine of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society.

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FIG. 5 in Novelties on Tortella (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) from South America

FIG. 5.— Tortella lilliputana (Müll. Hal. ex G. Roth) R. H. Zander sporophyte and spores micrographs: A, Sporophyte showing complete capsule; B, Deoperculate capsule; C, D, Spores in distal view; E, Spore in optical view; F, Spore in proximal view (A, B, D, G made with SEM and C, E with LM). Scale bars: A, B, 0.5 mm; C-F, 10 µm (all from Suárez 1488, CTES).