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396 results for “Southern Hemisphere”
FIGURE 7. Simuliidae larva structures. A–B in Preliminary considerations on phylogeny of Simuliidae Genera from Southern Hemisphere (Insecta, Diptera)
FIGURE 7. Simuliidae larva structures. A–B. cervical sclerites (gray): A. Prosimulium petrosum; B. Simulium pertinax. C. antenna of Paraustrosimulium anthracinum. D–E. hipostomal teeth (pl—paralateral; l —lateral; sl—sublateral; mmediano): D. Araucnephia montana; E. Simulium pertinax. F–H. fenda gular: F. Araucnephia montana; G. Simulium pertinax; H. Lutzsimulium flavopubescens. I. distal region of the abdomen, scheme (rp— rectal papillae; as— anal sclerite; vs — semicircular ventral sclerite; vt— ventral tubercles). J. anal sclerite (pi — parallel interarms).
FIGURE 6. Simuliidae pupa structures. A–D in Preliminary considerations on phylogeny of Simuliidae Genera from Southern Hemisphere (Insecta, Diptera)
FIGURE 6. Simuliidae pupa structures. A–D. pupal cocoon, dorsal view (ar—anterior rim; vr—ventral rim): A. Simulium subnigrum; B. Lutzsimulium hirticosta; C. Paraustrosimulium anthracinum; D. Simulium pertinax.
FIGURE 2. Simuliidae adult structures. A–F in Preliminary considerations on phylogeny of Simuliidae Genera from Southern Hemisphere (Insecta, Diptera)
FIGURE 2. Simuliidae adult structures. A–F. wings (b— base; R—base of radial; bc—basal cell; hs—hair-like setae; ss —spine-like setae): A. venation of Prosimulium sp; B. vein C of Prosimulium sp., in detail; C. vein C of Simulium pertinax, in detail; D. venation of Simulium pertinax; E. venation of Cnesia dissimilis; F. venation of Gigantodax brophyi. G– H. genital fork of the female (sf— stem of the fork; lp—lateral plate of the fork; alp—apodeme of lateral plate of the fork): G. Gigantodax minor; H. Paraustrosimulium anthracinum.
FIGURE 2 in Molecular evidence for the occurrence of the lichen genus Biatora (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) in the Southern Hemisphere
FIGURE 2. Biatora aff. rufidula (Rodriguez F. 2613). habit: A, thallus with young and mature apothecia, B, mature apothecia; exciple: C, mounted in water, D, mounted in Lugol solution; E, asci showing amyloid Biatora-like ascus apex (mounted in K/I); F, ascospores. Scales: A=0.5mm, B =0.25 mm, C–D=50 µm, E–F=10 µm.
FIGURE 1. Bayesian consensus phylogram obtained from 16 in Molecular evidence for the occurrence of the lichen genus Biatora (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) in the Southern Hemisphere
FIGURE 1. Bayesian consensus phylogram obtained from 16 OTUs and ITS gene loci of the Ramalinaceae clade. Cliostomum griffithii was used as outgroup. Support values (in bold) are given as "BP/PP". Biatora from South America is placed within the rufidula clade with a ML bootstrap value of 99% and a posterior probability of 1.0.
Figure 1 in Not as clear as expected: what genetic data tell about Southern Hemisphere corellids (Ascidiacea: Phlebobranchia)
Figure 1. Haplotype network for corellid species from COI data. Localities where the haplotypes have been found are indicated in shaded polygons. Areas of the circles are proportional to the number of haplotypes. Small white crossed dots without name represent missing, probably unsampled, haplotypes or extinct sequences. Dots along the lines between circles represent one mutational step. For haplotype ID see Figure 2. Ce: Corella eumyota; Ca: Corella antarctica; Cs: Corynascidia suhmi.
Figure 2 in Not as clear as expected: what genetic data tell about Southern Hemisphere corellids (Ascidiacea: Phlebobranchia)
Figure 2. Maximum parsimony strict consensus tree of partial COI gene analysis. A total of 15 equally parsimonious trees were obtained (975 length; consistency index: 0.689; retention index: 0.767). Branches retrieved by the three methods are indicated by three support values on the nodes. Values represent bootstrap supports when> 50% for MP and ML analyses and posterior probabilities for BI when> 0.5, in that order. Hyphen (-) denotes <50% bootstrap values and posterior probabilities <0.5; underscore (_) indicates the nodes that did not appear in the tree. Specimen haplotype IDs and GenBank sequences or BOLD System accession numbers are shown.
FIGURE 1. A–B in Description of the first species of Nemeritis Holmgren (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) from the Southern Hemisphere, with a key to the New World species
FIGURE 1. A–B: Nemeritis lativentris Thomson, 1887 (lectotype, female): A: habitus, lateral view, and labels; B: habitus, dorsal view. Courtesy of Biological Museum of Lund University, Sweden (MZLU). Scale bars: 1.00 mm (A, B).
FIGURE 3. A–H in Description of the first species of Nemeritis Holmgren (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) from the Southern Hemisphere, with a key to the New World species
FIGURE 3. A–H: Nemeritis scaramozzinoi sp. nov. (holotype, female): A: habitus, in lateral view; B: head, in frontal view; C: head, in dorsal view; D: head and mesosoma, in lateral view; E: wings; F: propodeum, in dorsal view; G: propodeum, in dorsolateral view; H: first metasomal tergite, in lateral view. Scale bars: 1.00 mm (A, B, D, E); 0.50 mm (C, F, G, H).
FIGURE 2. A–D in Description of the first species of Nemeritis Holmgren (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) from the Southern Hemisphere, with a key to the New World species
FIGURE 2. A–D: Nemeritis macrura (Viereck, 1925) (holotype, female): A: habitus, lateral view; B: metasoma, lateral view, and labels; C: head, frontal view; D: propodeum, dorsal view. Courtesy of Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada (CNC). Scale bar: 1.00 mm (B).
FIG. 3 in Molecular phylogeny of the Aplodactylidae (Perciformes: Cirrhitoidea), a group of Southern Hemisphere marine ®shes
FIG. 3. Results from the phylogenetic analysis of aplodactylid and outgroup mitochondrial DNA partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b sequences when combined. Cirrhitus splendens was used to root all phylogenies, as the Cirrhitidae appears the most pleisiomorphic of the five cirrhitoid families (Greenwood, 1995). (A) Single most-parsimonious topology obtained from unweighted parsimony analysis. Tree length = 558 steps, CI = 0.685, RI = 0.413, based on all characters. The topology recovered from neighbour-joining analysis is identical to (A). The numbers above the branches at each node represent the bootstrap proportions for the taxa in each clade, as derived from 2000 replicate data sets (unweighted maximum parsimony/neighbourjoining). (B) Maximum likelihood topology. Optimum expected TI:TV was 3.0, ml = — 3691.3. All branches were significantly positive (P <0.01).
Figure 9 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 9. Timing of dispersal of Otariidae into the Southern Hemisphere, as constrained by molecular clock (Yonezawa et al., 2009), fossil, and climatic data. Youngest ages of fossil taxa Hydrarctos lomasiensis (Muizon, 1978; Pilleri, 1990; Ehret et al., 2012) and Arctocephalus sp. nov. (Avery & Klein, 2011) indicated by circles, with possible oldest ages indicated by the dashed lines. Temperature data from Fedorov et al. (2013) and Rousselle et al. (2013) based on Ocean Deep-drilling Program sites 1021 (high latitude), 1010 (subtropical), and U1338 (tropical). Opal mass accumulation rates (MAR) from Farrell et al. (1995). Vertical red line indicates maximum sea surface temperature (SST) temperature tolerance reconstructed for ancestor of southern clade. Green horizontal bar indicates the most likely time period of dispersal into the Southern Hemisphere from the North Pacific, when subtropical SSTs were depressed and equatorial productivity was high.
Figure 8 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 8. Ancestral maximal sea surface temperature (SST) tolerance for Otariidae. Phylogeny used was the EX combined evidence phylogeny, which excludes fossil taxa with 50% or fewer cells coded for morphology. Fossil taxa are excluded. Extinct taxa are annotated with †.
Figure 7 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 7. Pattern of otariid dispersal based upon Bayesian ancestral area reconstruction presented in Figure 6. Numbers in circles represent major centres of origin, and with directions of dispersals indicated by arrows. Less certain dispersal routes are indicated by black dashed lines. 1, origin of Otariidae in North Pacific; 2, origin of Southern Hemisphere clade in eastern South Pacific; 3, dispersal of ancestor of Phocarctos to New Zealand; 4, dispersal of ancestor of Arctocephalus to South Africa; 5, tentative dispersal of Arctophoca tropicalis to Southern Ocean; 6, dispersal of Arctophoca gazella to Southern Ocean; 7, dispersal of Otaria and Arctophoca australis to Atlantic coastline of South America; 8, dispersal of Arctop. australis to New Zealand and Australia; 9, tentative dispersal of Arctocephalus to Australia from South Africa; 10, dispersal of Arctocephalus philippii to the west coast of North America; 11, dispersal of Zalophus to the Galapagos. Historic presence of sea lions (grey silhouettes) and fur seals (black silhouettes) on map indicated. Dispersal of Neophoca into Indian Ocean not shown.
Figure 6 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 6. Results of Bayesian (A) and maximum parsimony (B) ancestral area reconstruction. Phylogeny used was the EX combined evidence phylogeny, which excludes fossil taxa with 50% or fewer cells coded for morphology. Key in lower left corner is for both A and B. Extinct taxa indicated by †. RASP in figure key refers to the program used for Bayesian ancestral character state reconstruction.
Figure 4 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 4. Results of Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of molecules. Mitochondrial DNA (A) includes cytochrome b and d-loop sequences. Nuclear DNA (B) includes interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein 3, growth hormone receptor, and feline sarcoma oncogene gene sequences. Fur seal icons in black represent members of Arctocephalinae and sea lion icons in grey represent members of Otariinae. Nodes with high support (posterior probability ≥ 0.95) are indicated by a black circle; nodes with moderate support (posterior probability = 0.90−0.94) are indicated by a white circle. Extinct taxa are annotated with †.
Figure 2 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 2. Results of prior analyses of otariid phylogeny using molecular data. Fur seal icons in black represent members of Arctocephalinae and sea lion icons in grey represent members of Otariinae.
Figure 3 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 3. Results of maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters. Fur seal icons in black represent members of Arctocephalinae and sea lion icons in grey represent members of Otariinae. Nodes with high support (bootstrap ≥ 70) are indicated by a black circle; nodes with moderate support (bootstrap = 50–70) are indicated by a white circle. Extinct taxa are annotated with †.
Figure 1 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 1. Results of prior analyses of otariid phylogeny using morphological data. Fur seal icons in black represent members of Arctocephalinae and sea lion icons in grey represent members of Otariinae. Extinct taxa are annotated with †.
FIGURE 1 in First record of Mikrosyphar zosterae (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) in the southern hemisphere and as an endophyte in the brown algal genera Leathesia and Colpomenia
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis for rbcL-rbcS spacer DNA sequences of Mikrosyphar zosterae and related taxa. Bootstrap values higher than 75 are shown at the nodes. Samples generated in this study are in bold. Codes following sequence names refer to GenBank accession numbers.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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