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917 results for “Theorie”
Evaluation of restoration on post–mining areas using a game theory - data
<p>Supplementary data to the article - numerical values from graphs (Fig 1-2, 5-12) + input data for calculations. The resulting NE probability values can be verified at equsis.com (outside of Fig 8, the limit is 32 cases).</p>
Online Package for the manuscript "Continuous Integration and Delivery for Cyber-Physical systems: A Grounded-Theory"
<p>This package contains the material of the (grounded theory) study related to the paper</p> <p>"Continuous Integration and Delivery for Cyber-Physical systems: A Grounded-Theory"</p> <p>The content of the various files and directories is detailed in the following.</p> <p>InterviewStructure.pdf: complete interview structure (the paper reports an overview in Table 1)</p> <p>open_coding/: this directory contains details from the open coding procedure. In particular:<br> - AllCodesUsedWhileCodingAndMapping.csv contains the list of all codes generated during the open coding, with a symbol near each one (first column) then used to compute the inter-rater agreement<br> - first_round.csv, second_round.csv, third_round.csv, fourth_round.csv: files used to compute the inter_rater agreement</p> <p><br> CodesContributingToMindMap.csv: final set of codes, that contributed to the taxonomy (see below)</p> <p>FinalCodingTraceability.csv: this file describes how the final set of codes is traced onto the ten interviews. Note that, at this stage, the transcripts have been redacted for confidentiality purposes.</p> <p>MindMap_Complete.pdf: complete taxonomy of codes, in the form of a mind map. The one reported in the paper (Figure 2) cuts leaves, unless (as for benefits, for example) they are necessary to properly describe and understand the category. Also, note that the complete mind map separates the benefits into "actual" and "expected" (based on what was collected from the interviews) whereas the summary mindmap shown in the paper (Figure 2) does not make this distinction.</p> <p>6C_Diagrams/ : This directory contains the detailed 6C diagrams (i.e., each box related to a "C" contains the list of codes pertaining to it) for the three dimensions investigated in the paper and addressed in RQ1, RQ2, and RQ3.</p>
Saprotrophic fungal diversity predicts ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity along the timberline in the framework of island biogeography theory
<p></p><p>In the context of a timberline tree species (Betula ermanii) as "virtual island", we surveyed ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal diversity along a 430-m vertical gradient on the top of Changbai Mountain, China, sampling fine roots and neighboring soils of B. ermanii. Besides elevation, soil properties and plant functional traits, endophytic and saprotrophic fungal diversity were assessed as candidate predictors to construct integrative models. EcM fungal diversity decreased with increasing elevation, and exhibited positive diversity to diameter at breast height and negative diversity to distance from forest edge relationships in both roots and soils. Integrative models further showed that saprotrophic fungal diversity was the strongest predictor of EcM fungal diversity, directly enhancing EcM fungal diversity in roots and soils. All the metadata were stored here for use.</p><p></p>
Predicting species abundance by implementing the ecological niche theory
<p>Species are not uniformly distributed across the landscape. For every species, there should be few favoured sites where abundance is high and many other sites of lower suitability where abundance is low. Consequently, local abundance could be thought of as a natural expression of species response to local conditions. The correlation between abundance and environmental suitability has been well documented, and a recent meta-analysis has suggested that this relationship could be a generality. Despite the importance and potential implication of the abundance-suitability relationship, its predictive power for meaningful extrapolations has been surprisingly poorly explored. In this study, we showed how a highly predictable trend can be extracted from the abundance-suitability relationship, accurately predicting the variation in species abundance at a high spatial resolution. We produced high-quality environmental suitability estimations for 50 endemic species to the Australian Wet Tropics. Environmental suitability derived from species distribution models was related to observed abundance estimated using data from 29 years of uninterrupted monitoring effort. We used the fitted relationship to accurately predict abundance at a fine scale across the species range. Our results showed that the abundance-suitability relationship was strong for endemic species in the Australian Wet Tropics. The predictive power of our models was high, explaining, on average, 55% of the deviance across taxa. Despite interspecific variation in the strength of the abundance-suitability relationship associated with potential intrinsic estimation biases, our approach provides a powerful tool for predicting abundance across the species range at a fine scale. The potential for robust abundance predictions from occurrence-based species distribution models shown in this study are numerous, and it could have a significant impact in enhancing species conservation and management decisions.</p>
Geometries for 'Linear-scaling implementation of multilevel Hartree-Fock theory'
<p>Geometry files (.xyz format) used in the paper '<em>Linear-scaling implementation of multilevel Hartree-Fock theory</em>'</p>
Demonstration that the special relativity theory is wrong and that the Earth (as well as any other mass) is surrounded b y a media.
<p>This is a demonstration that the inertial reference frames of the special theory of relativity are wrong when applied to the associated wave of a particle. It follows that the Earth must be surrounded by a media, which is the reference for all velocities on the surface of the Earth. The same media is of course surrounding all masses.</p>
PERTEMUAN 7_10 nOVEMBER 2022_MODEL KESEIMBANGAN :CAPITAL ASSETS PRICING MODEL DAN ARBITRAGE PRICING THEORY_AIMR_JAM 18.00-21.30
<p><strong>Capaian Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah (CPM</strong></p> <p>Mahasiswa mampu Memahami:Model-model Keseimbangan: Capital Assets Pricing Model dan Arbitrage Pricing Theory</p> <p><strong>Indikator Pembelajaran</strong></p> <p>Model-model Keseimbangan: Capital Assets Pricing Model</p> <p>Arbitrage Pricing Theory</p>
Impact planning using logic models and theory of change - Webinar
<p>As part of Project Ô's communication efforts, two international events were organised aimed at extended networks with a focus on political communication and science advocacy relevant to water reuse. These online public events were recorded and edited for publication on the YouTube channel.<br> --</p> <p>Making an effective plan for impact can considerably increase your likelihood of success. This training introduces you to two powerful tools that will enable you to think systematically about your pathway to impact, including risks and assumptions you might need to take into account and indicators to help you track your progress.</p> <p>Mark Reed (SRUC and Fast Track Impact) introduces you to logic models based on his widely used impact planning template, and Eric Jensen (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Warwick and Methods for Change) introduces the theory of change approach. Mark then explains how you can co-produce a more detailed theory of change with stakeholders, and Eric shows how theory of change can be used to evaluate impact, using a case study of water research. You then have an opportunity to see examples of logic models and theory of change developed with researchers by Sarah Bowman (Trinity College Dublin).</p>
Dataset for "Band structures and Z2 invariant of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides from fully relativistic Dirac--Kohn--Sham theory using Gaussian-type orbitals"
<p>Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit a wide range of remarkable phenomena, many of which owe their existence to the relativistic spin--orbit coupling (SOC). To understand and predict properties of materials containing heavy elements, such as the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), full account of relativistic effects is mandatory in first-principles calculations. We present an all-electron method based on the four-component Dirac Hamiltonian and Gaussian-type orbitals (GTOs) that overcomes complications associated with linear dependencies and ill-conditioned matrices arising when diffuse functions are included in the basis. Until now, there has been no systematic study of the convergence of GTO basis sets for periodic solids neither at the nonrelativistic nor the relativistic level. Here, we provide such a study of relativistic band structures of the 2D TMDs in the hexagonal (2H), tetragonal (1T), and distorted tetragonal (1T') structural phases while focusing on SOC-driven properties (the Rashba splitting and the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological invariant). We demonstrate that our approach is valid even if large basis sets with multiple basis functions corresponding to each valence atomic orbital (denoted triple- and quadruple-$\zeta$) are used in the relativistic regime. The method does not require the use of pseudopotentials and provides access to all electronic states within the same framework, paving the way for direct studies of material properties that depend heavily on the electron density near atomic nuclei where relativistic effects and SOC are strongest, such as the parameters of the spin Hamiltonian.</p>
Data for: Contemporizing island biogeography theory with anthropogenic drivers of species richness
<p>Aim: Island biogeography theory states that species richness increases with habitat diversity and decreases with isolation from source pools. However, ecological theory must incorporate effects of human activity to explain contemporary patterns of biodiversity. We contemporized island biogeography theory by conceptualizing island trajectories of how species richness changes over time with accelerating land development and economic trade, which increase extinction and immigration rates, respectively. With this contemporized theory, we then articulate and empirically assess expected relationships of native, introduced, and total species richness with natural and anthropogenic metrics of habitat diversity and isolation from source pools.</p> <p>Location: Greater Caribbean region.</p> <p>Time period: Database finalized in 2020.</p> <p>Methods: We built a database of 1075 native and introduced reptiles and amphibians (herps) for 840 Caribbean islands. For each island, we calculated natural and anthropogenic metrics of island habitat diversity and isolation from source pools and used linear model averaging to assess the expected relationships under the contemporized theory for 15 major herp clades.</p> <p>Results: Natural habitat diversity metrics exhibited positive relationships with native and introduced species richness, strengthening total species richness–area relationships across herp clades. Geographic isolation exhibited negative relationships with native and positive relationships with introduced species richness, weakening total species richness–isolation relationships. Economic area, based on developed land, and economic isolation, based on maritime trade, exhibited negative relationships with native species richness, but positive and negative relationships, respectively, with introduced species richness. Total species richness relationships with these two anthropogenic metrics were strongest in clades with many introduced species.</p> <p>Main conclusion: A contemporized island biogeographic theory that includes the effects of land development and economic trade on species extinction and immigration explained current Caribbean herp species richness patterns. As human activity continues to accelerate, the contemporized theory we articulate here will increasingly predict island biogeography of the Anthropocene.</p>
A direct comparison of ecological theories for predicting the relationship between plant traits and growth
<p>Despite long-standing theory for classifying plant ecological strategies, limited data directly links organismal traits to whole-plant growth rates. We compared trait-growth relationships based on three prominent theories: growth analysis, Grime's competitive-stress tolerant-ruderal (CSR) triangle, and the leaf economics spectrum (LES). Under these schemes, growth is hypothesized to be predicted by traits related to relative biomass investment, leaf structure or gas exchange, respectively. We also considered traits not included in these theories, but that might provide potential alternative best predictors of growth. In phylogenetic analyses of 30 diverse milkweeds (<em>Asclepias</em> spp.) and 21 morphological and physiological traits, growth rate (total biomass produced per day) varied 50-fold and was best predicted by biomass allocation to leaves (as predicted by growth analysis) and the CSR traits of leaf size and leaf dry matter content. Total leaf area and plant height were also excellent predictors of whole-plant growth rate. Despite two LES traits correlating with growth (mass-based leaf nitrogen and area-based leaf phosphorus contents), these were in the opposite direction predicted by LES, such that higher N and P contents corresponded to slower growth. The remaining LES traits (e.g., leaf gas exchange) were not predictive of plant growth rates. Overall, differences in growth rate were driven more by whole-plant characteristics such as biomass fractions and total leaf area than individual leaf-level traits such as photosynthetic rate or specific leaf area. Our results are most consistent with classical growth analysis - combining leaf traits with whole-plant allocation to best predict growth. However, given that destructive biomass measures are often not feasible, applying easy-to-measure leaf traits associated with the CSR classification appear more predictive of whole plant growth than LES traits. Testing the generality of this result across additional taxa would further improve our ability to predict whole-plant growth from functional traits across scales.</p>
Dataset1 for "General framework for E(3)-equivariant neural network representation of density functional theory Hamiltonian"
<p>Supporting data for the paper "General framework for E(3)-equivariant neural network representation of density functional theory Hamiltonian". </p> <p>Contains atomic structures and Hamiltonian matrices of monolayer graphene, monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub>, bilayer graphene and bilayer bismuthene.</p> <p>Detailed descriptions about the format of data and instructions on how to reproduce the results in the paper can be found in README.md.</p>
Dataset2 for "General framework for E(3)-equivariant neural network representation of density functional theory Hamiltonian"
<p>Supporting data for the paper "General framework for E(3)-equivariant neural network representation of density functional theory Hamiltonian". </p> <p>Contains atomic structures and Hamiltonian matrices of bilayer bismuth selenide. </p> <p>Detailed descriptions about the format of data and instructions on how to reproduce the results in the paper can be found in README.md.</p>
Dataset3 for "General framework for E(3)-equivariant neural network representation of density functional theory Hamiltonian"
<p>Supporting data for the paper "General framework for E(3)-equivariant neural network representation of density functional theory Hamiltonian". </p> <p>Contains atomic structures and Hamiltonian matrices of bilayer bismuth telluride. </p> <p>Detailed descriptions about the format of data and instructions on how to reproduce the results in the paper can be found in README.md.</p>
Comparing zero-parameter theories for the WCA and harmonic-repulsive melting lines (data)
<p>This dataset contains data related to the paper titled "Comparing zero-parameter theories for the WCA and harmonic-repulsive melting lines" by Jeppe C. Dyre and Ulf R. Pedersen, with the abstract:</p> <p>The melting line of the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) system was recently determined accurately and compared to the predictions of four analytical hard-sphere approximations [Attia \textit{et al.}, J. Chem. Phys. \textbf{157}, 034502 (2022)]. Here, we study an alternative zero-parameter prediction based on the isomorph theory, the input of which relate to properties at a single reference state point on the melting line. The two central assumptions made are that the harmonic-repulsive potential approximates the WCA potential and that pair collisions are uncorrelated. The new approach gives excellent predictions at high temperatures, while the hard-sphere-theory based predictions are better at lower temperatures. Supplementing the WCA investigation, the face-centered-crystal to fluid coexistence line is determined for a system of harmonic-repulsive particles and compared to the zero-parameter theories. The results indicate that the excellent isomorph-theory predictions for the WCA potential at higher temperatures may be partly due to a cancellation of errors between the two above-mentioned assumptions.</p>
Data for: Nest material preferences in wild hazel dormice Muscardinus avellanarius: Testing predictions from optimal foraging theory
<p class="MsoNormal">Obtaining nesting material presents an optimal foraging problem, collection of materials incurs a cost in terms of risk of predation and energy spent, and individuals must balance these costs with the benefits of using that material in the nest. The hazel dormouse, <em>Muscardinus avellanarius</em> is an endangered British mammal in which both sexes build nests. However, whether material used in their construction follows the predictions of optimal foraging theory is unknown. Here, we analyse the use of nesting materials in forty two breeding nests from six locations in Southwest England. Nests were characterised in terms of which plants were used, the relative amount of each plant, and how far away the nearest source was. We find that dormice exhibit a preference for plants closer to the nest, but that the distance they are prepared to travel depends on the plant species. Dormice travelled further to collect honeysuckle <em>Lonicera periclymenum</em>, oak <em>Quercus robur</em>, and beech <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> than any other plants. Distance did not affect the relative amount used, although the proportion of honeysuckle in nests was highest, and more effort was expended collecting honeysuckle, beech, bramble <em>Rubus fruticosus</em> and oak compared to other plants. Our results suggest that not all aspects of optimal foraging theory apply to nest material collection. However, optimal foraging theory is a useful model to examine nest material collection, providing testable predictions. As found previously honeysuckle is important as a nesting material, and should be taken account when assessing suitability of sites for dormice.</p>
On retrieval system theory
<p>This paper re-reviews Vickery’s book On retrieval system theory, first published 50 years ago,<br> and discusses the changing nature of theoretical work on information retrieval and the possibility of developing a general theory of IR. Stephen Robertson writes:<br> ‘What kinds of theory or theories do we need for the field of information retrieval?’<br> Brian Vickery’s book whose title I have purloined was first published in 1961; in the preface he makes the following disclaimer: ‘There is as yet no unified theory of retrieval systems’. I have made the same statement many times myself, and it is as true now as it was a half-century ago. The number of papers published in the field of information retrieval, in every year of the first decade of the third millennium, would astonish the Brian Vickery of 1961, and many of these papers appeal to theoretical arguments of various more-or-less formal kinds. But can we expect, and do we need or want, a unified theory? In this talk I will attempt some discussion of these issues.</p>
Supplemental Materials for "Convective boundary mixing in main-sequence stars: theory and empirical constraints"
<p>MESA inlists and data products used for generating the figures of the review paper: "Convective boundary mixing in main-sequence stars: theory and empirical constraints".</p>
10 - Falsifiability as a standard of evaluation of scientific theories
<p> </p> <p>Session #10 of the REINFORCE Critical & Scientific Thinking course, entitled, 'Falsifiability as a standard of evaluation of scientific theories', is given by Stefano Gattei, Professor of Science in Society, at the University of Trento, Italy.</p> <p>During the session, Prof. Gattei continues the examination of Popper's work and looks in detail at the ideas of conjecture and refutation.</p>
Theory of Maximum Entropy Production (MEP) and Its Application to Microwave Remote Sensing - Simultaneous Retrieval of Soil Moisture and Vegetation Water Content
<p>A theory of maximum entropy production (MEP) for electromagnetic wave propagation in dielectric materials is proposed and applied to simultaneously retrieving soil moisture (SM) and vegetation water content (VWC) from L-band microwave brightness temperature (TB). One representation of the MEP principle states that a non-equilibrium system corresponds to such a configuration of energy fluxes that minimizes a dissipation function under the constraint of energy conservation. The dissipation function for radiative transfer is formulated as an analogy of that for heat transfer. A new physical parameter, radiative inertia as an analogy of thermal inertia, is introduced to characterize radiative attenuation in dielectric media. The radiative inertia is parameterized in terms of the penetration depth of electromagnetic waves as a function of the complex dielectric constant. The MEP based retrieval algorithm predicts SM and VWC by minimizing the dissipation function under the constraint of the conservation of radiative energy. The retrievals of SM and VWC based on the MEP theory were validated against field observations in tropical and temperate forested regions of the Amazon and North America. The proof-of-concept analysis demonstrates the capability of the MEP algorithm for simultaneous retrievals of SM and VWC even for dense canopy (e.g. VWC > 5 kg m-2). The MEP method is a new theoretical framework for developing innovative remote sensing algorithms of the Earth system not limited to just microwave observations.</p><p>Note: We would appreciate if users contact us for the use of the data.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.