Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2014View details →

Fig. 1. Uncinaria lucasi adults from a in Prevalence Of Hookworms, Uncinaria Lucasi (Anсylostomatidae), In Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus Ursinus) On St. Paul Island, Alaska

Fig. 1. Uncinaria lucasi adults from a northern fur seal pup Callorhinus ursinus: A — anterior end, dorsal view; B — anterior end, lateral view; C — male tail; D — female tail.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in The Effect Of Temperature On The Development Of Adult Generations Of Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema Arenarium Isolate Ch

Fig. 1. Scatterplots of canonical scores for females of both generations. Legend: dots — 18 °С; squares — 22 °С; rhombs — 28 °С. Ranges of groups are ellipsed with coefficient 0.95.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2015View details →

Fig. 2 in The Effect Of Temperature On The Development Of Adult Generations Of Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema Arenarium Isolate Ch

Fig. 2. Scatterplots of canonical scores for males of both generations. Legend: dots — 18 °С; squares — 22 °С; rhombs — 28 °С. Ranges of groups are ellipsed with coefficient 0.95.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Sex-specific body mass aging trajectories in adult Asian elephants

In species with marked sexual dimorphism, the classic prediction is that the sex which undergoes stronger intrasexual competition ages earlier or quicker. However, more recently, alternative hypotheses have been put forward, showing that this association can be disrupted. Here, we utilise a unique, longitudinal dataset of a semi-captive population of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), a species with marked male-biased intrasexual competition, with males being larger and having shorter lifespans, and investigate whether males show earlier and/or faster body mass ageing than females. We found evidence of sex-specific body mass ageing trajectories: adult males gained weight up to the age of 48 years old, followed by a decrease in body mass until natural death. In contrast, adult females gained body mass with age until a body mass decline in the last year of life. Our study shows sex-specific ageing patterns, with an earlier onset of body mass declines in males than females, which is consistent with the predictions of the classical theory of ageing.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Novel code for: Synchrony in adult survival is remarkably strong among common temperate songbirds across France

Synchronous variation in demographic parameters across species destabilizes populations, metapopulations and metacommunities and increases extinction risks. Revealing the processes that synchronize population dynamics across species allows us to identify trans-specific demographic processes that are subject to environmental forcing of overarching importance. Using a Bayesian, hierarchical multi-site, multi-species mark-recapture model, we investigated temporal interspecific synchrony in annual adult local survival across 16 common songbird species across France for the period 2001–2016. Adult annual survival was largely synchronous among species (73% [47–94] of the variation among years was common to all species), despite species differing in ecological niche and life-histories. This result was robust to differences in migratory strategy among species, uneven species sample sizes, and time de-trending. Shared synchrony across migratory strategy suggests that environmental forcing during the 4-month temperate breeding season has large-scale, cross-specific, impacts among songbirds. At a scale ~1000 km, a likely proximate mechanism of synchronization is forcing by weather-driven variation in resources, which, in particular, determines the cost of reproduction. However, the strong interspecific synchrony was not easily explained by a set of a priori defined candidate weather variables, with spring weather variables explaining only 1.4% [0.01–5.5] of synchrony, while the contribution of large-scale winter weather indices may be stronger, but uncertain (12% [0.3–37]). Future research may up-scale these results to community dynamics, to understand compensatory intra- and inter-specific demographic processes that preserve meta-communities from synchronization.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Adult breeding monarch relative abundance

Many insects are in clear decline, with monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) drawing particular attention as a flagship species. It is well documented that, among migratory populations, numbers of overwintering monarchs have been falling across several decades, but trends among breeding monarchs are less clear. Here, we compile > 135,000 monarch observations between 1993-2018 from the North American Butterfly Association's annual butterfly count to examine spatiotemporal patterns and potential drivers of adult monarch relative abundance trends across the entire breeding range in eastern and western North America. While the data revealed declines at some sites, particularly the US Northeast and parts of the Midwest, numbers in other areas, notably the US Southeast and Northwest, were unchanged or increasing, yielding a slightly positive overall trend across the species range. Negative impacts of agricultural glyphosate use appeared to be counterbalanced by positive effects of annual temperature, particularly in the US Midwest. Overall, our results suggest that population growth in summer is compensating for losses during the winter and that changing environmental variables have offsetting effects on mortality and/or reproduction. We suggest that density-dependent reproductive compensation when lower numbers arrive each spring is currently able to maintain relatively stable breeding monarch numbers. However, we caution against complacency since accelerating climate change may bring growing threats. Our data also suggest that increases of summer monarchs in some regions, especially in the west and far south, may reflect replacement of migratory with resident populations. Nonetheless, it is perhaps reassuring that ubiquitous downward trends in summer monarch abundance are not evident.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2021View details →

Serial Coronal Sections Of An Adult Mouse Brain - Sample Dataset

Experimental data: 88 serial coronal sections of the full brain of an adult mouse. Preparation of the sample: details to come... Imaging of the sample: details to come... 2 channels per section are present: <ul> <li>DAPI</li> <li>autofluorescence</li> </ul> This dataset is used in particular as a test dataset for the <a href="https://c4science.ch/w/bioimaging_and_optics_platform_biop/image-processing/image-to-atlas-registration/">Allen Brain Biop Aligner Fiji plugin</a>. Some sections are flipped (left / right), for workflow documentation purpose. Animal handling according to protocols approved by the Swiss animal license  VD2808.1

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Adult facilitation becomes competition as juvenile soapberry bugs age

Intraspecific interactions can change from facilitative to competitive depending on the organism's ontogeny. In plant-feeding insects, host plant defenses can be strengthened or weakened by insect feeding, and can therefore be important for determining whether two insects feeding on the same plant help or harm each other's fitness. Here I conducted two experiments looking at the direct effect of a physical seed defense and the role of intraspecific facilitation in reducing the effects of that defense for juveniles of the red-shouldered soapberry bug. I demonstrate that juveniles are severely inhibited by the tough seed coat of their host plant, leading to high mortality early in development. Adults, in contrast, can create holes through which younger individuals could potentially feed. I manipulated whether or not seeds were fed on by adults on two host plant species: a well-defended native host and a poorly defended introduced host. Survival in the first week of development was dramatically improved by prior adult feeding and this facilitation was stronger on the well-defended host plant. However, the benefits of prior adult feeding ceased after the first week of development and shifted to having a negative effect on survival, development time, and body size. These results indicate that ontogeny is a key factor determining the effects of plant defenses and the strength and direction of intraspecific interactions across multiple host plant species.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Sex-specific tuning of modular muscle activation patterns for locomotion in young and older adults

There is increasing evidence that including sex as a biological variable is of crucial importance to promote rigorous, repeatable and reproducible science. In spite of this, the body of literature that accounts for the sex of participants in human locomotion studies is small and often produces controversial results. Here, we investigated the modular organization of muscle activation patterns for human locomotion using the concept of muscle synergies with a double purpose: i) uncover possible sex-specific characteristics of motor control and ii) assess whether these are maintained in older age. We recorded electromyographic activities from 13 ipsilateral muscles of the lower limb in young and older adults of both sexes walking (young and old) and running (young) on a treadmill. The data set obtained from the 215 participants was elaborated through non-negative matrix factorization to extract the time-independent (i.e., motor modules) and time-dependent (i.e., motor primitives) coefficients of muscle synergies. We found sparse sex-specific modulations of motor control. Motor modules showed a different contribution of hip extensors, knee extensors and foot dorsiflexors in various synergies. Motor primitives were wider (i.e., lasted longer) in males in the propulsion synergy for walking (but only in young and not in older adults) and in the weight acceptance synergy for running. Moreover, the complexity of motor primitives was similar in younger adults of both sexes, but lower in older females as compared to older males. In essence, our results revealed the existence of small but defined sex-specific differences in the way humans control locomotion and that these strategies are not entirely maintained in older age. In this supplementary data set we made available: a) the metadata with anonymized participant information; b) the raw EMG, already concatenated for the overground trials; c) the touchdown and lift-off timings of the recorded limb, d) the code to process the data. In total, 520 trials from 215 participants are included in the supplementary data set. The file “metadata.dat” is available in ASCII format and contains: <ul> <li>Code: the participant’s code</li> <li>Group: the participant's group (G1=young adults, walking; G2=old adults, walking; G3=young adults, running)</li> <li>Sex: the participant’s sex (M or F)</li> <li>Locomotion: the type of locomotion (walking or running)</li> <li>Speed: the speed at which the recordings were conducted in [m/s]</li> <li>Speed_type: the distinction between fixed (decided by the researchers) or preferred (selected by the participant) speed</li> <li>Age: the participant’s age in years</li> <li>Height: the participant’s height in [cm]</li> <li>Mass: the participant’s body mass in [kg].</li> </ul> The "RAW_DATA.RData" R list consists of elements of S3 class "EMG", each of which is a human locomotion trial containing cycle segmentation timings and raw electromyographic (EMG) data from 13 muscles of the right-side leg. Cycle times are structured as data frames containing two columns that correspond to touchdown (first column) and lift-off (second column). Raw EMG data sets are also structured as data frames with one row for each recorded data point and 14 columns. The first column contains the incremental time in seconds. The remaining 13 columns contain the raw EMG data, named with the following muscle abbreviations: ME = gluteus medius, MA = gluteus maximus, FL = tensor fasciæ latæ, RF = rectus femoris, VM = vastus medialis, VL = vastus lateralis, ST = semitendinosus, BF = biceps femoris, TA = tibialis anterior, PL = peroneus longus, GM = gastrocnemius medialis, GL = gastrocnemius lateralis, SO = soleus. Trials are named like “ID0020_M_YOUNG_TW_01,” where the characters “ID0020” indicate the participant number (in this example the 20th), the character “M” indicates the sex, the characters “YOUNG” indicate the age group, the characters “TW” indicate the locomotion type and environment (T=treadmill, W=walking, R=running), and the numbers “01” indicate the trial number. Old versions not compatible with the R package <a href="https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=musclesyneRgies">musclesyneRgies</a> The files containing the gait cycle breakdown are available in RData format, in the file named “CYCLE_TIMES.RData”. The files are structured as data frames with one row for each gait cycle and two columns. The first column contains the touchdown incremental times in seconds. The second column contains the duration of each stance phase in seconds. Each trial is saved as an element of a single R list. Trials are named like “CYCLE_TIMES_ID0020_M_YOUNG_TW_01,” where the characters “CYCLE_TIMES” indicate that the trial contains the gait cycle breakdown times, the characters “ID0020” indicate the participant number (in this example the 20th), the character “M” indicates the sex, the characters “YOUNG” indicate the age group, the characters “TW” indicate the locomotion type and environment (T=treadmill, W=walking, R=running), and the numbers “01” indicate the trial number. The files containing the raw, filtered, and the normalized EMG data are available in RData format, in the files named “RAW_EMG.RData” and “FILT_EMG.RData”. The raw EMG files are structured as data frames with one row for each recorded data point and 14 columns. The first column contains the incremental time in seconds. The remaining 13 columns contain the raw EMG data, named with the following muscle abbreviations: ME = gluteus medius, MA = gluteus maximus, FL = tensor fasciæ latæ, RF = rectus femoris, VM = vastus medialis, VL = vastus lateralis, ST = semitendinosus, BF = biceps femoris, TA = tibialis anterior, PL = peroneus longus, GM = gastrocnemius medialis, GL = gastrocnemius lateralis, SO = soleus. Each trial is saved as an element of a single R list. Trials are named like “RAW_EMG_ID0003_F_OLD_TW_01”, where the characters “RAW_EMG” indicate that the trial contains raw emg data, the characters “ID0003” indicate the participant number (in this example the 3rd), the character “F” indicates the sex, the characters “OLD” indicate the age group, the characters “TW” indicate the locomotion type and environment (see above), and the numbers “01” indicate the trial number. All the code used for the pre-processing of EMG data and the extraction of muscle synergies is available in R format. Explanatory comments are profusely present throughout the script “muscle_synergies.R”. The latest version of this code can be found at https://github.com/alesantuz/musclesyneRgies.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Prosocial behavior in adult mice is sex-dependent

The data from three behavioral test performed on adult male and female C57BL/6 mice. 1_Misiolek_et_al_2022_Prosocial.csv Two-choice food motivated prosocial behavior task. 2_Misiolek_et_al_2022_SCPP.csv Social conditioned place preference test. 3_Misiolek_et_al_2022_Affective_State_Discriminatiion.csv Affective State Discrimination test.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Effects of developmental and adult environments on ageing

Developmental and adult environments can interact in complex ways to influence the fitness of individuals. Most studies investigating effects of the environment on fitness focus on environments experienced and traits expressed at a single point in an organism's life. However, environments vary with time, so the effects of the environments that organisms experience at different ages may interact to affect how traits change throughout life. Here we test whether thermal stress experienced during development leads individuals to cope better with thermal stress as adults. We manipulated temperature during both development and adulthood and measured a range of life-history traits, including senescence, in male and female seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus). We found that thermal stress during development reduced adult reproductive performance of females. In contrast, lifespan and age-dependent mortality were affected more by adult than developmental environments, with high adult temperatures decreasing longevity and increasing age-dependent mortality. Aside from an interaction between developmental and adult environments to affect age-dependent changes in male weight, we did not find any evidence of a beneficial acclimation response to developmental thermal stress. Overall, our results show that effects of developmental and adult environments can be both sex- and trait- specific, and that a full understanding of how environments interact to affect fitness and ageing requires the integrated study of conditions experienced during different stages of ontogeny.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Use of health care services in community-dwelling older adults in two regions of Spain

This dataset contains data on use of health care resources of community-dwelling older adults aged 70 or over, who were functionally independent. Data of health resources use included contacts along two consecutive years with: the general practitioner, primary care nurse, the specialists, visits to emergency rooms, and hospital admissions and length of stay. The data included also information about sex, region, polipharmacy, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index and funcionality, measured by Timed Up and Go test. The data collection was performed in two Spanish regions. Baseline assessment was done between 2015 and 2016, and patients were followed for 2 years. There were in total 1488 registries considering both years.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Data belonging to the article: Estimating pre-harvest density, adult sex ratio and fecundity of white-tailed deer using wildlife cameras

Adult sex ratio and fecundity (juveniles per female) are key population parameters in sustainable wildlife management, but inferring these requires abundance estimates of at least three age/sex classes of the population (male and female adults and juveniles). Prior to harvest, we used an array of 36 wildlife camera traps during 2 and 3 weeks in the early autumn of 2016 and 2017 respectively. We recorded white-tailed deer adult males, adult females and fawns from the pictures. Simultaneously, we collected fecal DNA (fDNA) from 92 20mx20m plots placed in 23 clusters of four plots between the camera traps. We identified individuals from fDNA samples with microsatellite markers and estimated the total sex ratio and population density using Spatial Capture Recapture (SCR). The fDNA-SCR analysis concluded equal sex ratio in the first year and female bias in the second year, and no difference in space use between sexes (fawns and adults combined). Camera information was analyzed in a Spatial Capture (SC) framework assuming an informative prior for animals' space use, either (1) as estimated by fDNA-SCR (same for all age/sex classes), (2) as assumed from the literature (space use of adult males larger than adult females and fawns), (3) by inferring adult male space use from individually-identified males from the camera pictures. These various SC approaches produced plausible inferences on fecundity, but also inferred total density to be lower than the estimate provided by fDNA-SCR in one of the study years. SC approaches where adult male and female were allowed to differ in their space use suggested the population had a female-biased adult sex ratio. In conclusion, SC approaches allowed estimating the pre-harvest population parameters of interest and provided conservative density estimates.

Figs 50–53 in Morphology of the larvae and biology of the adults of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus do not confirm previous hypotheses about systematics and feeding habits (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Figs 50–53. Habitus of fixed and live Psilorrhynchus specimens. 50–51 – museum specimens of P. bifasciatus (Blanchard) (50) and P. abdominalis (Perty) (51) as presented in the genus revision (Bංൿൿං 2017a) showing a pale-yellow elytral background colouration. 52–53 – live specimens of P. abdominalis from Rio de Janeiro state, showing an intense reddish elytral colouration. Figs 50 and 51 adapted from Bංൿൿං (2017a); 52 by Diogo Luiz (available at inaturalist.org/observations/31961589); 53 by Eric Freitas de Abreu (available at inaturalist.org/observations/56266908).

Figs 39–49 in Morphology of the larvae and biology of the adults of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus do not confirm previous hypotheses about systematics and feeding habits (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Figs 39–49. Morphology of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus (Blanchard, 1844), second and first instar larvae. 39 – head, second instar; 40 – nasale, second instar; 41–49 – first instar; 41 – head; 42 – nasale; 43–44 – antenna (ventral, dorsal views); 45 – maxillo-labial complex; 46 – foreleg; 47–48 – pretarsus (lateral, ventral views); 49 – apex of abdomen (dorsal view). Scale bars = 0.05 mm, except 39, 41, 46, 49 = 0.1 mm.

Figs 36–38 in Morphology of the larvae and biology of the adults of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus do not confirm previous hypotheses about systematics and feeding habits (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Figs 36–38. Morphology of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus (Blanchard, 1844), second instar larva (dorsal, ventral, lateral views). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Figs 19–35 in Morphology of the larvae and biology of the adults of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus do not confirm previous hypotheses about systematics and feeding habits (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Figs 19–35. Morphology of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus (Blanchard, 1844), third instar larva. 19 – head, dorsal view; 20 – nasale; 21–22 – antenna (dorsal and ventral views); 23–24 – third antennomere (ventral and dorsal views); 25–26 – mandibula (dorsal and ventral views); 27 – maxillo-labial complex; 28 – hypopharynx; 29 – maxillary palp (dorsal view); 30 – third maxillary papomere (ventral view); 31–32 – second labial palpomere (ventral and dorsal views); 33 – mesothoracic spiracle; 34 – foreleg; 35 – pretarsus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm, except 29 = 0.05 mm, 33 = 0.5 mm, and 34 = 0.5 mm.

Figs 14–18 in Morphology of the larvae and biology of the adults of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus do not confirm previous hypotheses about systematics and feeding habits (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Figs 14–18. Morphology of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus (Blanchard, 1844), third instar larva. 14 – head and pronotum in dorsal view; 15 – head, ventral view; 16 – head in lateral view; 17–18 – abdominal segments VIII–X in dorsal (17) and ventral views (18). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Figs 6–9 in Morphology of the larvae and biology of the adults of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus do not confirm previous hypotheses about systematics and feeding habits (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Figs 6–9. Eggs and larvae of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus (Blanchard, 1844), 6–7 – eggs pile laid on the soil; 8–9 – first instar larvae hatching.

Figs 1–5 in Morphology of the larvae and biology of the adults of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus do not confirm previous hypotheses about systematics and feeding habits (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Figs 1–5. Live adults of Psilorrhynchus bifasciatus (Blanchard, 1844). 1–2 – habitus of female; 3–5 – specimens in copula and foraging on Matayba guianensis Aubl. (Sapindaceae) in Selvíria, MS, Brazil.