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2,731 results for “barriers”
Barriers in a sea of elasmobranchs
<p><b>Background</b></p> <p>The interplay of animal dispersal and environmental heterogeneity is fundamental for the distribution of biodiversity on earth. In the ocean, the interaction of physical barriers and dispersal has primarily been examined for organisms with planktonic larvae. Animals that lack a planktonic life stage and depend on active dispersal are however likely to produce distinctive patterns.</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>We used available literature on population genetics and phylogeography of elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates), to examine how marine barriers and dispersal ecology shape genetic connectivity in animals with active dispersal. We provide a global geographic overview of barriers extracted from the literature and synthesize the geographic and hydrologic factors, spatial and temporal scales to characterize different types of barriers. The three most studied barriers were used to analyse the effect of elasmobranch dispersal potential and barrier type on genetic connectivity.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>We characterized nine broad types of marine barriers, with the three most common barriers being related to ocean bathymetry. The <i>maximum depth of occurrence</i>, <i>maximum body size</i> and <i>habitat </i>of each species were used as proxies for dispersal potential, and were important predictors of genetic connectivity with varying effect depending on barrier type. Environmental tolerance and reproductive behaviour may also play a crucial role in population connectivity in animals with active dispersal. However, we find that studies commonly lack appropriate study designs based on <i>a priori</i> hypotheses to test the effect of physical barriers while accounting for animal behaviour.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b></p> <p>Our synthesis highlights the relative contribution of different barrier types in shaping elasmobranch populations. We provide a new perspective on how barriers and dispersal ecology interact to rearrange genetic variation of marine animals with active dispersal. We illustrate methodological sources that can bias the detection of barriers and provide potential solutions for future research in the field.</p>
Data set for the replication package of the paper "Simulations of DNA-origami self-assembly reveal design-dependent nucleation barriers"
<p>Data set for the replication package of the paper "Simulations of DNA-origami self-assembly reveal design-dependent nucleation barriers".</p>
Developmental evidence for parental conflict in driving Mimulus species barriers
<p>The endosperm, a tissue that nourishes the embryo in the seeds of flowering plants, is often disrupted in inviable hybrid seeds between closely related species. A key question is whether parental conflict is a major driver of this common form of reproductive isolation. Here, we performed reciprocal crosses between pairs of three monkeyflower species (Mimulus caespitosa, M. tilingii, and M. guttatus). The severity of hybrid seed inviability varies among these crosses, which we inferred to be due to species divergence in effective ploidy. By performing a detailed time series of seed development, we discovered parent-of-origin phenotypes that provide strong evidence for parental conflict in shaping endosperm evolution. We found that the chalazal haustorium, a tissue within the endosperm that occurs at the maternal-filial boundary, shows pronounced differences between reciprocal hybrid seeds formed from Mimulus species that differ in effective ploidy. These parent-of-origin effects suggest that the chalazal haustorium might act as a mediator of parental conflict, potentially by controlling sucrose movement from the maternal parent into the endosperm. Our study suggests that parental conflict in the endosperm may function as a driver of speciation by targeting regions and developmental stages critical for resource allocation and thus proper seed development.</p>
Depleted lean body mass after crossing an ecological barrier differentially affects stopover duration and refueling rate among species of long-distance migratory birds
<p>During the long-distance migratory flights of birds, lean mass breakdown occurs in concert with fat catabolism and is expected to have repercussions on total stopover duration because birds require time to rebuild lean tissue before accumulating fat reserves. Despite this, little is known about the role of in-flight lean mass breakdown on stopover duration because direct measurements are restricted by the destructive nature of traditional body composition analysis and the technological limitations of tracking small birds over large expanses. We used non-lethal, non-invasive Quantitative Magnetic Resonance technology and plasma metabolite profiling to measure the body composition and physiological state of free-living birds captured at a migratory stopover site after flight across the Gulf of Mexico, and an automated radiotelemetry array covering ~5000 km<sup>2</sup> to track stopover duration and regional movements. We tested whether stopover duration is prolonged in individuals arriving with lower lean mass and investigated how lean mass affects regional movements. Stopover duration decreased by 22% for each additional gram of lean mass in Northern Waterthrush (Parkesia noveboracensis), but this relationship was not apparent in Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus), or Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus), even though these species also arrived with depleted lean mass. Stopover duration increased for Swainson's Thrush with higher plasma uric acid, a marker of protein catabolism. Northern Waterthrush with higher plasma triglycerides had longer stopovers. Our findings suggest that migratory birds may compensate for substantial lean mass losses by increasing refueling rate or relocating habitat, and highlights species-level differences in lean mass breakdown and the associated impacts on physiological function. Our results highlight the strategies used by different species to recover from a trans-Gulf of Mexico flight and resume migration, which improves our understanding of the annual cycle of migratory birds.</p>
Data for "The APC-Barrier and its effect on stratification in open access publishing"
<p>Dataset to reproduce the analysis of the paper "The APC-Barrier and its effect on stratification in open access publishing". An earlier version of the manuscript with the title "The APC-Effect: Stratification in Open Access Publishing" is available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/w5szk">https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/w5szk</a>.</p> <p>Data is licensed under CC-BY-SA International (4.0), see the file LICENSE.</p> <p>A full description of the dataset is provided in the README.md.</p>
Czech Hedgehog Anti-tank Barrier
A Czech hedgehog that was used in warfare as a anti-tank or anti-vehicle defense. Untextured but ready for use/texturing. Most commonly known from D-day landings. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
The Generation of Barriers to Melt Ascent in the Martian Lithosphere: MELTS calculations
<p>MELTS input and output datafiles for "The Generation of Barriers to Melt Ascent in the Martian Lithosphere." Each zip file corresponds to one dataset with an oxygen fugacity setting and water content. Each data set is organized first by lithosphere thickness, then mantle potential temperature.</p> <p>PTpath.txt is the text file read by MELTS to create the geotherm P-T path in the crystallization calculation. Residue.melts is the Residual solid composition after the melting calculation. Liquid.melts is the liquid composition that enters the crystallization calculation. PBRate.txt is a two column text file which is a record of crystallization rate with depth.</p> <p>Peaks.txt records peaks in the crystallization rate with depth. We originally picked the level of the permeability barrier as the largest peak of crystallization rate, but we changed our methodology significantly. Peaks.txt is an artifact of this older method. See the paper for a detailed description of permeability barrier depth selection.</p> <p>The output_1 folder contains the MELTS output files for the decompression melting calculation. The output_2 folder contains the MELTS output files for the crystallization in the lithosphere calculation.</p> <p>Associated MATLAB functions for this work can be found here: https://github.com/joeschools/Mars_PB</p>
The perception of facilitators and barriers to the use of e-health solutions in Poland: a qualitative study
<p>It is an extract of the transcripts of in-depth interviews used for the preparation of the paper titled "The perception of facilitators and barriers to the use of e-health solutions in Poland: a qualitative study"</p> <p>This research was funded in whole by the National Centre of Science, Poland within the project titled "Determinanty akceptacji i gotowości wykorzystania aplikacji e-zdrowia i technologii Zdrowia 4.0 w polskim społeczeństwie" (Grant No 2021/43/B/NZ7/02140). </p> <p>For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission.</p>
Potential profile, design parameters and thermal properties of asymmetric double-barrier heterostructures based on AlGaAs simulated with NEGF+H
<p>This is a repository for assymmetric double barrier heterostructures that were simulated using the NEGF coupled with the heat equation described in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.064022">BESCOND:Phys. Rev. Applied:2020</a>.</p> <ul> <li>Relation between the csv columns and variables:</li> </ul> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Column</strong></td> <td><strong>Variable</strong></td> <td><strong>Definition</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Lb1 [nm] </td> <td>First barrier length</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>LQW [nm] </td> <td>Quantum well length</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Lb2 [nm] </td> <td>Second barrier length</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>γ</td> <td>Fraction on Al in AlGaAs alloy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>V [V] </td> <td>Bias between emitter and collector</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>CP [W/m²] </td> <td>Cooling power</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Te [K] </td> <td>Electron temperature in the Quantum well</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>W1 [eV] </td> <td>First activation energy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>W2 [eV] </td> <td>Second activation energy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-1525</td> <td>PP [eV]</td> <td>Potential profile</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>These data was used to feed the machine learning workflow shared in <a href="https://gitlab.citius.usc.es/modev/coolML">https://gitlab.citius.usc.es/modev/coolML</a>.</p> <p><br>This work was supported by the Spanish MICINN/AEI, Xunta de Galicia, and FEDER Funds under Grant RYC-2017-23312, Grant PID2019-104834GB-I00, Grant PID2022-141623NB-I00, Grant PID2022-142709OB-C21/PID2022-142709OA-C22, Grant ED431F 2020/008, Grant ED431C 2022/16 and GELATO ANR project (ANR-21-CE50-0017).</p>
Data from: Amazonian rivers are leaky barriers to gene flow in forest understory birds
<p>Ever since Alfred Russel Wallace's nineteenth-century observation that related terrestrial species are often separated on opposing riverbanks, major Amazonian rivers have been recognized as key drivers of speciation. However, rivers are dynamic entities whose widths and courses may vary through time. It thus remains unknown how effective rivers are at reducing gene flow and promoting speciation over long timescales. We fit demographic models to genomic sequence to reconstruct the history of gene flow in three pairs of avian taxa fully separated by different Amazonian rivers, and whose geographic ranges do not make contact in headwater regions. Models with gene flow were best fit, but still supported an initial period without any gene flow which ranged from 187,000 to over 959,000 years, suggesting that rivers are capable of initiating speciation through long stretches of allopatric divergence. Allopatry was followed by either bursts or prolonged episodes of gene flow that retarded genomic differentiation but did not homogenize populations. Our results support Amazonian rivers as key barriers that promoted speciation and the buildup of species richness, but they also suggest that river barriers are often leaky, with genomic divergence accumulating slowly due to episodes of substantial gene flow.</p>
Contextualization of enablers and barriers for COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adult tuberculosis patients attending selected clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya
<p>Although vaccination is a cost-effective, equitable, and impactful public health intervention in curbing the spread of infectious disease, low uptake is a significant concern, especially among high-risk population groups. Nearly half of the population is unvaccinated in Nairobi, yet there is a shortage of vaccination information on vulnerable tuberculosis (TB) patients. The interplay of factors influences uptake, and protecting this vulnerable group and the general population from severe disease, hospitalization, and deaths is worthy. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and individual-level enablers and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adult TB patients attending selected clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya. This cross-sectional mixed-method study was conducted at TB clinics across six sub-counties in Nairobi County. It included 388 participants sampled from each clinic's TB register. Quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire, and qualitative data was collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean standard deviation for continuous variables) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). Qualitative data was analyzed through deductive coding and thematic analysis. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination was 46.1%, with 38.1% receiving complete vaccination. Mistrust in vaccine management (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 0.075, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.025-0.229, <em>p </em><0.001) was a significant barrier to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Perceived covid-19 susceptibility (aOR = 2.901, 95% CI: 1.258-6.688, <em>p </em>= 0.012) and perceived covid-19 seriousness (aOR = 3.294, 95% CI: 1.130-9.604, <em>p </em>= 0.029) were significant enablers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Qualitative themes related to individual-level barriers and enablers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake were fear of side effects, stigma, myths, and mistrust in the messaging for barriers and desire to protect others and risk perception as enablers. The study revealed critical individual-level factors related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake.</p>
Establishing barriers and needs for increased uptake of alternative weed control across Europe: Survey results from the UK, Latvia, France, Italy, Greece, Sweden and Spain.
<p><span>Reduced use of chemical herbicides and increased uptake of alternative weed control methods will only occur if there is improved understanding of the current barriers and needs of key stakeholders. An online survey about stakeholders’ perspectives and use of alternative weed control methods was carried out with Farmers, Agronomists, Researchers, Policy makers/advisors in 2023. Key barriers and needs were identified to encourage farmers to adopt sustainable weed control approaches which should guide future work addressing the implementation of Integrated Weed Management. Data consists of returned responses of participants across seven countries involved in the OPER8 project. </span></p> <p><span>The OPER8 Project has received funding from The European Union Horizon 2021 Food, Bioeconomy Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment Programme under grant agreement 101060591</span></p>
Designer high-density lipoprotein particles enhance endothelial barrier function and suppress inflammation
<p>High-density lipoprotein (HDL) nanoparticles promote endothelial cell (EC) function and suppress inflammation, but their utility in treating EC dysfunction has not been fully explored. Here, we describe a fusion protein named ApoA1-ApoM (A1M) consisting of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), the principal structural protein of HDL that forms lipid nanoparticles, and ApoM, a chaperone for the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). A1M forms HDL-like particles, binds S1P, and is signaling competent. Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the S1P-bound ApoM moiety in A1M efficiently activated the EC surface receptors. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with A1M-S1P stimulated barrier function either alone or cooperatively with other barrier-enhancing molecules, including the stable prostacyclin analog iloprost, and suppressed cytokine-induced inflammation. A1M-S1P injection into mice during sterile inflammation suppressed neutrophil influx and inflammatory mediator secretion. Moreover, systemic A1M administration led to a sustained increase in circulating HDL-bound S1P and suppressed inflammation in a murine model of LPS-induced endotoxemia. We propose that A1M administration may enhance vascular endothelial barrier function, suppress cytokine storm, and promote resilience of the vascular endothelium.</p>
Supplementary data from: A genetic assessment of natural barriers for isolating a proposed Greenback cutthroat trout reintroduction area
<p>We used genetic techniques to evaluate a series of natural waterfalls for their potential to serve as barriers to prevent nonnative salmonids from entering a proposed reintroduction area for federally threatened Greenback cutthroat trout <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias</em>. Genetic samples were collected from nonnative Brook Trout <em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em> at 11 sampling reaches above and below natural waterfalls (height: ~1-3 m under baseflow conditions) along a 33-km segment of Colorado's upper Cache la Poudre River near the outflow of the proposed reintroduction area. To evaluate whether upstream movement of Brook Trout is restricted by any of these waterfalls, we characterized longitudinal trends in genetic diversity along the river corridor and examined patterns of genetic differentiation and population structure in relation to waterfall locations using a panel of microsatellites. We found no evidence that the waterfalls served as complete movement barriers for nonnative Brook Trout based on genetic clustering analyses, estimates of population differentiation, and longitudinal genetic patterns. Our multi-locus assessment did not identify alleles restricted to downstream reaches, and the river segment was genetically homogenized. This evaluation suggests that the existing waterfalls do not fully prevent upstream movement by nonnative Brook Trout, and thus barrier modification would be needed to establish an isolated Greenback cutthroat trout population in the proposed wilderness area.</p>
Beyond the barriers of poetry in the digital world. Is standardization possible in order to achieve interoperability?
<p>The video shows the opening of the 2nd EADH day which took place before the official opening of <em>DHd 2016</em> in Leipzig (7 - 12 März 2016).</p> <p>After welcoming words by Elisabeth Burr, one of the local organisers of the conference, a presentation on the EADH days by Øyvind Eide, representative of EADH, and the awarding of the EADH bursary, Elena Gonzalez-Blanco from the UNED in Madrid, who had organised the 1st EADH day in concomitance with <em>HDH 2015</em> in Madrid, gave her keynote.</p> <p>The programme of the 2nd EADH day is available <a href="http://dhd2016.de/?q=EADH%20day%20programme">here</a>.</p>
Barriers to crop diversification across 25 European case-studies (dataset)
<p>The data set presents the presence or absence of barriers to crop diversification at different levels of value chain across contrasted European case-studies. Data were collected based on participatory workshops involving a causal analysis of challenges of crop diversification and complementary interviews with the 25 innovations teams of case-studies at the chore of the DiverIMPACTS project (https://www.diverimpacts.net/). These data account for the initial perception of barriers in the initial phase of the innovation project and may have evolved since.</p> <p>For more information about the data collection and project and further discussion, please refer to the paper "<strong>Innovating within or outside dominant food systems? Different challenges for contrasting crop diversification strategies in Europe</strong>" of Morel et al. submitted to the journal Plos One.</p>
Biophysical models of persistent connectivity and barriers on the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge
<p>This contains four data files that are all matlab binary files (.mat)</p> <p><strong>all_vent_sites.mat</strong></p> <p>This is a Matlab data file containing the <strong>longitude (column 1)</strong>, <strong>latitude (column 2)</strong>, of all vent sites used in the simulations. Column 3 specifies whether a vent-site is a <strong>known vent site (=1)</strong> or a <strong>ghost vent-site (=0)</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>probeData_20W60W_04S45N.mat</strong></p> <p>This is a Matlab data file containing data on Argo probe cycles used to estimate average ocean currents that drive the particle tracking simulations. The variables in the file are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>fl</strong> Argo float ID </li> <li><strong>depth </strong>parking depth of the Argo float (m)</li> <li><strong>longlatStart </strong>longitude and latitude for the start of one dive cycle</li> <li><strong>longlatEnd </strong>longitude and latitude for the end of one dive cycle</li> <li><strong>month</strong> month of the dive cycle</li> <li><strong>year</strong> year of the dive cycle</li> <li><strong>timeStep</strong> number of days between the start and end of a dive cycle</li> <li><strong>distStep</strong> distance between the start and end positions of a cycle (km)</li> <li><strong>velocity</strong> average velocity of the Argo float over one dive cycle (km/day)</li> <li><strong>pos</strong> the mid-point position of the Argos float for each cycle</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>vent_connectivity_data.mat</strong></p> <p>This is a Matlab data file containing the connectivity data from the particle tracking simulations. The variables in this file are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>bbox_all</strong> The coordinates for the 64 target boxes</li> <li><strong>particleCount</strong> The number of larval particles starting in each of the 64 target boxes. This should be 100000 for all target boxes</li> <li><strong>connectTime</strong> A 64x64x500 array giving number of particles making a connection between two target boxes. connectTime(i,j,t) = number of particles from box i that have passed though box j in a time <= t. The 500 times correspond to the vector tVec.</li> <li><strong>leaveTime </strong>A 64x500 array giving the time taken for particles to leave their initial target box. leaveTime(i,t) = number of particles starting in box i that leave the box in a time <=t. The 500 times correspond to the vector tVec.</li> <li><strong>C_critical </strong> Critical connection probability</li> <li><strong>tVec</strong> A vector of simulation times. This should be 500 time points starting at day 1 up to day 500</li> <li><strong>tMax</strong> The maximum simulation time (days)</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>sim_larval_dispersal.mat</strong></p> <p>This is a Matlab data file that contains the dispersal distances of all the simulated larval particles for six planktonic larval durations. The variables in this file are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>bbox_all </strong>The coordinates for the 64 target boxes</li> <li><strong>tMax</strong> The maximum simulation time (days). This is the planktonic larval duration.</li> <li><strong>distAll </strong>The dispersal distance (km) within a given planktonic larval duration (tMax)</li> <li><strong>startAll</strong> The target box where a simulated larval particle started. The position of this box is given by bbox_all</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Fig. 2 in Assessment of barrier materials to protect plants from Florida leatherleaf slug (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Veronicellidae)
Fig. 2. Microscopic views (40×) of (A) diatomaceous earth, and (B) fumed silica.
Source data for the publication "Single-shot latched readout of a quantum dot qubit using barrier gate pulsing"
<p>This repository contains data and source code for the publication "Single-shot latched readout of a quantum dot qubit using barrier gate pulsing."</p>
B3DB Dataset adapted for A Transparent Machine Learning Model To Understand Drugs Permeability Through the Blood Brain Barrier
<p>The B3DB dataset which we adapted for use for our paper "A Transparent Machine Learning Model To Understand Drugs Permeability Through the Blood Brain Barrier"</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.